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1.
为了研究茶树油对草莓防腐保鲜的作用效果,对人工接种灰葡萄孢霉（Botrytis cinerea）和根霉（Rhizopus stolonifer）的草莓果实进行不同浓度、不同时间的茶树油熏蒸处理,测定20℃贮藏下的病害发生情况,并运用体外实验研究该熏蒸处理对病原菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。同时,还分析了接受该处理的果实在贮藏期间的品质变化趋势。研究发现：茶树油熏蒸处理可降低草莓果实灰霉病和根霉病的发病率和病斑直径,抑制其孢子萌发和菌丝生长,减缓草莓果实在贮藏期间的品质下降。结果表明茶树油熏蒸用于草莓保鲜是可行的,浓度为2000 mg/L熏蒸3 h即可有效延长草莓货架期2-3 d。  相似文献   

2.
加热温度对牡蛎挥发性风味成分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨牡蛎挥发性风味与加工温度的关系,运用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）对不同温度加热牡蛎的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,电子鼻能够灵敏地检测到牡蛎在加热过程中气味的变化,新鲜牡蛎在加热到1000C和1500C时气味发生明显变化。通过GC-MS从新鲜牡蛎、100℃加热牡蛎和150℃加热牡蛎中分别检出47、59和56种挥发性物质,己醛、反-2-,顺-6-壬二烯醛、庚醛、辛醛等醛类物质对新鲜牡蛎的风味影响较大,使其具有腥味、蘑菇及黄瓜的风味;经过100℃加热后,牡蛎的腥味减弱,肉香浓郁,醛类和杂环化合物是其主要的挥发性风味物质;150℃加热牡蛎的主要挥发性物质是烃类,杂环化合物对其烘烤风味的形成具有重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
茶树油熏蒸对草莓采后病害和品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为了研究茶树油对草莓保鲜的作用效果,对人工接种灰葡萄孢霉（Botrytis cinerea）和根霉（Rhizopus stolonifer）的草莓果实进行不同质量浓度、不同时间的茶树油熏蒸处理,测定20℃贮藏下的病害发生情况,并运用体外试验研究该熏蒸处理对病原菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。同时,还分析了接受该处理的果实在贮藏期间的品质变化趋势。研究发现：茶树油熏蒸处理可降低草莓果实灰霉病和根霉病的发病率和病斑直径,抑制其孢子萌发和菌丝生长,减缓草莓果实在贮藏期间失重率的上升,维持较高的硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量。结果表明茶树油熏蒸用于草莓保鲜是可行的,质量浓度为2?000 mg/L,熏蒸3 h可明显延长草莓货架期。  相似文献   

4.
基于电子鼻的鱼露香气品质识别   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了识别鱼露的品质,并为缩短发酵周期的工艺优选提供理论依据.利用电子鼻对7种鱼露样品的挥发性气味进行了分析,并与项空-气质联用( GC-MS)和感官分析结果进行比较.结果表明:鱼露香气成分复杂,工艺改良对气味影响很大,电子鼻18个金属传感器能很好地将不同样品的气味进行识别.以传统发酵原汁鱼露为标样,电子鼻分析结果表明,加曲改良工艺的4号样品与标样香气最为接近,相似系数达87.8％,该结果与GC-MS数据和感官分析结果一致,可为鱼露速酿工艺的优选提供参考.  相似文献   

5.
基于电子鼻的花生有害霉菌种类识别及侵染程度定量检测   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  
针对花生霉变传统分析方法操作繁琐、时效性差等不足,该研究拟利用电子鼻气体传感技术建立起花生有害霉菌污染的快速检测方法。辐射灭菌花生籽粒分别接种5种谷物中常见有害霉菌(黄曲霉3.17、黄曲霉3.395 0、寄生曲霉3.395、寄生曲霉3.012 4和赭曲霉3.648 6),并于26℃、80%相对湿度条件下储藏9 d至严重霉变。利用电子鼻气体传感器获取不同储藏时期(0、3、6、9 d)花生样品的整体挥发性气味信息。最后,结合多元统计分析方法对电子鼻传感器响应信号进行特征提取,建立了花生中有害霉菌污染程度的定性定量分析模型。结果显示,主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)可成功区分不同霉菌侵染程度的花生样品,线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)模型对样品不同储藏天数判别的准确率均达到或接近100%。花生中菌落总数的偏最小二乘回归分析(partial least squares regression,PLSR)模型的预测决定系数和预测相对均方根误差分别达到0.814 5和0.244 0 lg(CFU/g)。结果表明,应用电子鼻技术快速检测储藏期间花生霉变状况具有一定可行性,可为利用气味信息实现粮食霉菌污染的在线监测提供理论参考。  相似文献   

6.
以生防放线菌长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9为试材,采用圆盘滤膜法和对口培养法比较T6、ZZ-9所产生的代谢物对苹果树腐烂病病菌、苹果树轮纹病病菌和苹果树早期落叶病病菌的拮抗作用,结果表明:长枝木霉T6的非挥发性物质对这3种病原菌抑制效果明显,抑制率分别达到97.50%、83.69%、68.35%。放线菌ZZ-9的非挥发性物质对苹果树腐烂病菌和苹果树轮纹病菌的抑制率达到了96.25%和72.42%%,对早期落叶病菌的拮抗作用较弱,抑制率小于50%。长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9的挥发性物质对这3种病原菌的拮抗作用不明显,抑制率均小于50%。长枝木霉T6和放线菌ZZ-9对苹果树三种病害的拮抗作用主要由二者所产生的非挥发性物质起作用。  相似文献   

7.
本文旨在探明收获季节的中华绒螯蟹雌蟹不同部位在不同温度下挥发性物质的变化,并为加工提供参考。运用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对挥发性物质变化进行检测和分析。电子鼻能够灵敏的检测加热前后气味的变化,新鲜雌蟹在加热到100℃和150℃气味发生明显变化,最终利用GC-MS从新鲜、100℃和150℃雌蟹的不同部分中鉴定出101种、130种和113种挥发性物质,主要有醇类、酮类、醛类、酚类、酯类、碳氢类等化合物。新鲜雌蟹土腥气味较重,主要是三甲胺等物质引起;100℃雌蟹呈现出浓郁香气,主要是壬醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮等化合物引起;150℃雌蟹会表现出烤香味,是由2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙酰基吡咯等引起。雌蟹在加热前后挥发性物质变化较大,电子鼻与HS-SPME-GC-MS结合使用后可以分析不同加热温度下雌蟹不同部位挥发性物质的变化。  相似文献   

8.
根霉菌(Rhizopus oryzae)是热带果蔬采后主要病原真菌之一,不仅引起果实腐烂,影响果实风味,还能分泌对人体有毒害作用的麦角类生物碱,对果蔬贮藏具有极大的危害。本研究从腐烂的草莓(Fragaria ananassa L.cv.Zhangji)中分离主要致病菌,经核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列分析辅以传统的形态学观察法,鉴定其遗传背景,然后利用碳酸氢钠(SB)、硼酸(BA)、肉桂油(Co)、硝普钠(SNP)、亚磷酸盐(Phi)等5种已知抑菌物质处理病原菌。通过检测处理前后病原菌生理、生化指标的改变以及番茄(Solanum lycopersicum cv.Ailsa Cragi)果实接种实验,确定5种抑菌物质对病原菌发育及致病力的影响。结果表明,分离的病原菌通过回接试验证实为草莓的主要致病菌,致病力强,果实发病部位出现明显的褐化、软化以及水化,病征与匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)引起的软腐病表型相似。同时,利用ITS通用引物扩增得到大小约600 bp的产物,经比对后与Rhizopus oryzae的r DNA-ITS序列完全一致,因此判断该病原菌为R.oryzae。此外,本研究选用的5种物质对R.oryzae都有明显的抑制作用,且抑菌效果均与浓度成正比。当SB、BA、SNP、Co以及Phi的浓度分别达到0.2%、0.2%、0.5%、0.02%及5 mmol/L时,培养6 h后对照病原菌的孢子萌发率超过90%,而抑菌物质处理的孢子萌发率均低于10%。因此,这些浓度被确定为5种物质的最低抑菌浓度。在最低抑菌浓度下,尽管抑制效力有所不同,但5种抑菌物质均能明显延缓芽管伸长及菌丝扩展速度,降低病原菌生物量积累,引起病原菌糖吸收障碍,并对R.oryzae诱发的番茄软腐病有明显的防治作用。其中BA、Co和Phi在体外抑菌实验中效果优于SB和SNP;SB、BA以及Phi对番茄R.oryzae软腐病的防治效果优于Co与SNP。本研究为果蔬采后病原菌R.oryzae的防治提供了新的思路,为开发SB、BA、Co、SNP以及Phi等5种抑菌物质的应用潜力提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
茶树精油熏蒸处理保鲜草莓的工艺优化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为了获得茶树精油熏蒸处理进行草莓防腐保鲜的较佳工艺条件,采用单因素试验方法研究不同熏蒸体积分数、温度和时间对人工接种灰葡萄孢霉的草莓果实腐烂发生的影响。通过Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析获得熏蒸防腐保鲜的最佳工艺条件为:茶树精油熏蒸体积分数0.66mL/L、熏蒸温度33.3℃、熏蒸时间3.1h。按此优化条件进行验证发现接种草莓果实的腐烂指数为7.5%,实测值与模型预测值的相对误差在4.1%;将此优化条件应用于未接种的新鲜草莓果实,结果发现该处理能显著抑制果实的自然病害发生,还能减缓草莓果实失重率的上升和果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和花青素含量的下降。研究结果为茶树精油在草莓保鲜上的商业化应用提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
刘晨霞  乔勇进  黄宇斐  王晓 《核农学报》2019,33(7):1377-1385
为研究酸性硫酸钙(ACS)溶液对水蜜桃果实采后致腐匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)的抑菌效果,在离体和体内条件下,探究其对匍枝根霉细胞膜渗透率、细胞壁降解酶、呼吸相关酶活性和桃果发病率的影响。结果表明,不同稀释倍数的ACS溶液对匍枝根霉均有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中ACS-10-3处理组的抑菌效果最强。在作用120 min时,ACS-10-3组菌丝细胞膜渗透率达到52.76%,较CK高出39.72%;匍枝根霉在含有50%ACS稀释液的带药培养基中培养9 d时,ACS-10-3组的PG、PMG、CX和GLU等细胞壁降解酶活性得到了抑制,较CK分别降低38.41%、41.96%、59.31%和35.52%;且在很大程度上抑制了呼吸能量代谢系统中酶活性的上升,培养第9天时匍枝根霉的SDH、MDH和IDH活性分别为0.02±0.01、0.68±0.12、106.13±3.54 nmol·min-1·g-1,均显著低于CK(P<0.05)。同时,ACS稀释液可显著降低损伤接种桃果实的匍枝根霉病斑面积和接种发病率,与CK相比,ACS-10-3组桃果实的匍枝根霉病斑面积和接种发病率分别降低了99.61%和73.33%。因此,适宜稀释倍数的ACS溶液能够有效抑制水蜜桃采后因匍枝根霉侵染引起的软腐病。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

19.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

20.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

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