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1.
为建立根癌农杆菌介导的草莓褪黑素基因高效遗传转化体系,以草莓品种“早红”叶片和叶柄为外植体,优化了影响根癌农杆菌遗传转化的因素,包括农杆菌菌液浓度、侵染时间、共培养时间和预培养时间等,建立了适宜草莓“早红”的农杆菌遗传转化体系。结果表明,“早红”草莓适宜的转化条件是：外植体的最适预培养时间为2～3 d,农杆菌侵染的最佳菌液浓度为OD600 0.3～0.5,最适侵染时间为15 min,最适共培养时间为3 d。在此基础上,通过根癌农杆菌介导法将褪黑素合成关键酶N -乙酰转移酶（AANAT）和羟吲哚-氧甲基转移酶（HIOMT）基因AANAT和HIOMT转入草莓基因组,并对获得的抗性植株进行PCR和PCR-Southern blot检测分析,结果表明外源基因已经整合进草莓基因组中。RT-PCR分析证明外源基因已经在转录水平表达。  相似文献   

2.
为建立和优化节瓜的遗传转化体系,并高效地完成CqWRKY1基因的遗传转化,本研究以节瓜A39为材料,通过RT-PCR技术克隆了节瓜CqWRKY1基因,采用Gateway同源重组法构建了pEarleyGate101-CqWRKY1超表达载体,以节瓜子叶节为外植体,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法进行转化。结果表明,子叶节不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+1 mg·L~(-1)ABA,诱导率可达76.17%;生根的最佳培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)IAA;农杆菌侵染的最佳条件为农杆菌浓度OD_(600)为0.3、侵染时间为10 min、共培养时间为3 d;最佳的抑菌抗生素为500 mg·L~(-1)的头孢霉素。本研究在181株拟转基因组培苗中共得到76株阳性T_0转基因组培苗,其中共有37株移栽成活。PCR结果表明,CqWRKY1已成功整合到37株转化植株的基因组中。本研究结果为进一步研究CqWRKY1基因的功能奠定了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

3.
以芥菜(Brassica Juncea Coss.)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）的介导,将商陆抗病毒蛋白（PAP）基因导入到芥菜中。对所获得的40株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为29株;Southern blot分析结果证明PAP基因已被整合到芥菜基因组中,在大多数转基因植株中外源基因呈单挎贝,少数为双挎贝;Northern blot分析结果表明,PAP在转基因植株中正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验初步结果表明,转PAP基因的植株对TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

4.
商陆抗病毒蛋白基因转化芥菜的获得及抗性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
以芥菜(Brassica Juncea Coss.)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的介导,将商陆抗病毒蛋白基因PAP导入到芥菜中。对所获得的40株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为29株;Southern blot分析结果证明PAP基因已被整合到芥菜基因组中,在大多数转基因植株中外源基因呈单拷贝,少数为双拷贝;Northern blot分析结果表明,PAP在转基因植株中正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验初步结果表明,转PAP基因的植株对芜菁花叶病毒TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

5.
为建立高效的棕色棉茎尖遗传转化体系,以陆地棉棕彩选1号为材料,采用农杆菌介导茎尖的遗传转化方法,以培养7 d的棕彩选1号幼苗茎尖为受体,设计正交试验对共培养时间、共培养温度、菌液OD600、侵染时间等条件进行优化;此外,还研究了受体茎尖的大小及真空渗透等因素对转化效率的影响,初步建立了棕色棉茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术体系。结果表明,带有0.5 cm下胚轴的茎尖适合转化,适宜的农杆菌介导遗传转化条件为农杆菌菌液浓度OD600=1.0,侵染时间20 min,共培养时间3 d,共培养温度24℃。此外,真空渗透处理有助于抗性苗的发生。再生植株经在含100 mg·L~(-1)卡那霉素的培养基上筛选,获得102株抗性植株,再进行PCR鉴定和Southern杂交检测,共获得24株转基因植株,转化率为0.4%,且为单拷贝基因插入。本试验建立的优化条件为棕色棉的遗传转化奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

6.
为提高大豆的遗传转化效率,利用根癌农杆菌对大豆成熟种子的子叶节进行遗传转化,从影响农杆菌和大豆子叶节外植体双方的因素出发,重点研究共培养阶段培养基的pH值、光照条件和共培养时间三个因素对转化的影响,以寻找适宜农杆菌和外植体的平衡点。分析单因素试验和正交试验的研究结果表明,在共培养阶段,培养基pH值适宜范围为6.0~6.6,pH值以6.6为佳;提供10~16h·d-1光照均提高了转化效率,与完全黑暗差异显著;延长共培养时间显著提高转化效率,以7~10d为宜。本研究范围内以冀豆12、豫豆22和秦黄小粒12三个基因型大豆获得了较高转化效率,供试的6个大豆品种均获得了转基因植株,PCR和Southern分析表明植酸酶基因phyA基因已经整合到大豆基因组中。该结果对提高大豆的遗传转化效率有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
根癌农杆菌介导的山定子遗传转化的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以山定子叶片作为根癌农杆菌介导转化的受体,通过比较在卡那霉素筛选培养基上的抗性芽百分率,研究激素配比、乙酰丁香酮、脯氨酸、共培养时间、预培养时间、侵染时间对转化的影响。结果表明:预培养不利于山定子转化;菌液中添加乙酰丁香酮和脯氨酸对转化无明显影响;侵染10min,共培养3d抗性芽百分率最高;转化后叶片再生培养基的最佳激素配比为NAA1.0mg/L+BA2mg/L+TDZ4mg/L。抗性植株经PCR检测,初步证明外源目的基因已整合到山定子基因组中。  相似文献   

8.
本研究采用农杆菌介导法将KN1基因遗传转化小油桐,并获得了转基因植株。在研究中分析了农杆菌菌液菌液的浓度、侵染时间和外植体的大小对遗传转化效率的影响以及KN1基因超量表达对转基因植株再生的影响。研究结果表明：以苗龄15d左右的小油桐无菌苗子叶为外植体,农杆菌菌液浓度OD600为0.6～0.8时,侵染8min,外植体大小为（0.8×0.8）～（1.0×1.0）mm时,遗传转化效果最好;对抗性芽及再生植株进行GUS及PCR检测结果表明,KN1基因已经整合到小油桐植物基因组中。KN1基因的超量表达可提高小油桐再生芽分化,影响转化芽及植株的外观形态及叶片的表型,包括芽及植株矮小,茎杆粗壮;叶片缩小,边缘分裂,对称性丧失,无子叶柄等。  相似文献   

9.
农杆菌介导法获得大量转双价抗虫基因水稻植株   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  
构建含Bt杀虫基因cryIA(c)和豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI的双价抗虫转基因载体PCAM-Bt-CpTI，并用于农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法对粳稻品系“浙大19”遗传转化，约2000块盾片愈伤组织与农杆菌共培养后，得到了约1300块潮霉素抗性愈伤，从中分化抗性再生苗约1500株，对不同抗性愈伤来源的70个T0代再生株进行PCR及PCR-Southern检测，62株为转cryLA(c)和CpTI双价抗虫基因植株，阳性植株比例为88.6%，抗虫鉴定表明，3个转基因T1代株系对二化螟有很高的毒性。  相似文献   

10.
EuFPS基因表达载体构建及对杜仲遗传转化的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本实验用EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切植物表达载体pSH737和含有目的基因的pUC-FPS,定向连接得到重组质粒pSH-FPS,将其导入农杆菌EHA105。采用农杆菌介导法对杜仲进行遗传转化,研究了卡那霉素(kanamycin,Km)浓度、预培养时间、菌液浓度及侵染时间、乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone,AS)浓度、共培养时间等对杜仲遗传转化效率的影响。结果表明,选择无菌苗苗龄15d的杜仲下胚轴,卡那霉素浓度50mg/L,农杆菌浓度OD600值0.3~0.6,侵染时间8min,侵染时菌体重悬液中添加50μmol/L乙酰丁香酮,共培养时间3d,抗性芽的获得率最高。对再生植株进行GUS检测发现有45%的植株呈阳性。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

19.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

20.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

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