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1.
基于无人机遥感影像的大豆叶面积指数反演研究   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  
作物叶面积指数的遥感反演是农业定量遥感研究热点之一,利用无人机遥感监测系统获取农作物光谱信息精确反演叶面积指数对精准农业生产与管理意义重大。本研究以山东省嘉祥县一带的大豆种植区为试验区,设计以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载Canon Power Shot G16数码相机和ADC-Lite多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统开展试验,分别获取大豆结荚期和鼓粒期的遥感影像。使用比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)、差值植被指数(DVI)、三角植被指数(TVI)5种植被指数,结合田间同步实测叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)数据,采用经验模型法分别构建了单变量和多变量LAI反演模型,通过决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(RMSE)和估测精度(EA)3个指标筛选出最佳模型。研究表明,有选择性地分时期进行农作物的叶面积指数反演是必要的,鼓粒期作为2个生育期中大豆LAI反演的最佳时期,其NDVI线性回归模型对大豆LAI的解释能力最强,R2=0.829,RMSE=0.301,反演大豆LAI最准确,EA=85.4%,生成的鼓粒期大豆LAI分布图反映了当地当时大豆真实长势情况。因此,以多旋翼无人机为平台同步搭载高清数码相机和多光谱传感器组成的无人机农情监测系统对研究大豆叶面积指数反演是可行性,可作为指导精准农业研究的一种新方法。  相似文献   

2.
北京山区森林叶面积指数季相变化遥感监测   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  
森林叶面积指数(LAI)遥感反演,对于区域环境生态监测具有重要意义。该文以北京市西北山区鹫峰国家森林公园为研究区,获取多时相Landsat5 TM数据,并利用半球形照相机(Hemispherical Photography)同步获取森林LAI。使用3种植被指数(归一化植被指数NDVI、增强植被指数EVI和三梯度差植被指数TGDVI),分别建立单个观测时期及整个时期的LAI反演模型,通过相关性分析筛选出最佳模型。研究表明利用整个时期的LAI建立的模型精度较高,其中最好的是基于NDVI的LAI指数模型。利用该模型反演森林LAI,生成基于时间序列的北京山区森林LAI分布图。该研究进一步分析了阔叶林、针叶林和混交林3种情况,结果表明,与不分植被类型的LAI反演模型精度比较,阔叶林和混交林有所提高,而针叶林稍微下降,但模型精度均达到显著水平。  相似文献   

3.
为给小麦田间管理提供基础数据,利用高光谱指数实现了小麦冠层叶面积指数值的估测。在21种高光谱指数中筛选出了与LAI值相关性最强的指数OSAVI,建立了小麦LAI值反演的最小二乘支持向量回归（LS-SVR）模型。分析表明,模型校正集决定系数（C-R2）与预测集决定系数（P-R2）分别达0.851与0.848,可实现小麦LAI值的精确反演,且对LAI值较高与较低的样本均具备良好的预测能力,可有效避免冠层郁闭度等因素对估测结果的影响。利用LS-SVR模型与OMIS影像实现了小麦LAI遥感专题图的制作,其填图结果与地面实测值拟合模型R2达0.774,RMSE仅为0.476,2组数据具有较高的相似度。结果表明：可利用高光谱指数实现小麦冠层LAI值信息的准确获取,且OSAVI系反演建模的优选指数,LS-SVR为建模的优选算法。该研究可为小麦等农作物的长势评估提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
基于多源无人机影像特征融合的冬小麦LAI估算   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
为探讨无人机多源影像特征融合估测作物叶面积指数的能力,该研究以冬小麦为研究对象,利用多旋翼无人机搭载高清数码相机和UHD185成像光谱仪获取研究区冬小麦关键生育期（扬花期、灌浆期）的可见光和高光谱影像。综合考虑可见光、高光谱影像特征与冬小麦叶面积指数的相关性及影像特征重要性进行特征筛选,然后,以可见光植被指数、纹理特征、可见光植被指数+纹理特征、高光谱波段、高光谱植被指数及高光谱波段+植被指数分别作为输入变量构建多元线性回归、支持向量回归和随机森林回归的叶面积指数估测模型（单传感器数据源）;以优选的两种影像特征结合支持向量回归、随机森林回归构建叶面积指数估测模型（两种传感器数据源）,比较分析单源与多源影像特征监测冬小麦叶面积指数的性能。进一步地,考虑到小区土壤空间异质性会影响冬小麦叶面积指数估测结果,该研究探讨了不同影像采样面积下基于单源遥感数据构建的小麦叶面积指数估测模型精度。研究结果表明：在扬花期和灌浆期,使用两种影像优选特征构建的随机森林回归估测模型精度最佳,验证集决定系数分别为0.733和0.929,均方根误差为0.193和0.118。可见光影像采样面积分别为30%和50%,高光谱影像采样面积为65%时,基于单源影像特征构建的随机森林回归估测模型在扬花期和灌浆期效果最好。综上,该研究结果可为无人机遥感监测作物生理参数提供有价值的依据和参考。  相似文献   

5.
基于温湿度与遥感植被指数的冬小麦赤霉病估测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为明晰江淮区域大田冬小麦赤霉病的发生特征,建立冬小麦赤霉病遥感估测模型,该文分析了冬小麦赤霉病病情指数与气候因素(不同时间尺度日均气温和日均空气相对湿度)、生长参数(生物量、叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量)和光谱信息(NDVI、RVI和DVI)之间的互作关系。结果表明:1)不同时间尺度日均气温之间存在较好相关性,5日均气温与冬小麦赤霉病病情指数间的相关系数最大为0.77。与日均气温相类似,不同时间尺度日均空气相对湿度之间也存在不同程度的相关性,5日均空气相对湿度与赤霉病病情指数间的相关性最大,其相关性高于5日均气温。2)冬小麦生物量、叶面积指数和叶片叶绿素含量与赤霉病病情指数之间均呈线性正相关关系,且均达到显著水平,说明冬小麦群体密度大、郁闭程度高以及长势过旺是赤霉病易发的主要农学诱因。3)遥感植被指数NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)、RVI(ratio vegetation index)和DVI(difference vegetation index)分别与冬小麦叶面积指数、生物量和叶片叶绿素含量之间有较好相关性,可以利用NDVI、RVI和DVI分别替换叶面积指数、生物量和叶片叶绿素含量参与建模。4)综合5日均气温、5日均空气相对湿度、NDVI、RVI和DVI 5个敏感因子,构建基于温湿度与遥感植被指数的冬小麦赤霉病病情指数估测模型,模型的估测值与实测值较为一致,RMSE为5.3%,相对误差为9.54%。说明本研究所建立的估测模型可以实现对冬小麦始花期赤霉病的有效估测,该研究可为江淮区域冬小麦生产中防病减灾的信息获取提供方法参考。  相似文献   

6.
植被指数广泛应用在各种植被遥感监测中,但不同土壤背景会对基于植被指数的遥感监测精度产生影响,特别是以水为背景的水稻遥感监测.该研究旨在对各种背景调节植被指数的参数进行修正,以便更适合以水土混合物为背景的水稻参数估算.首先通过不同生育期水稻的冠层光谱构建在不同参数条件下的背景调节植被指数(WDVI、SAVI、SAVI2、TSAVI),然后以多种方程形式拟合以不同参数构建的各个植被指数与水稻叶面积指数LAI的关系,最后通过比较各拟合方程的决定系数(R2)得到各植被指数修正后的合适参数.结果表明:在使用植被指数估算水稻LAI时,其参数都需要修正.对WDVI,其修正后的参数α=1.44;对SAVI,其修正后的参数L=0.08;对SAVI2,其修正后的参数θ=0.02;而对TSAVI,其修正后的参数a=0.5,b=0.02,X=0.02.另外,在各种拟合方程形式中,以指数和幂函数的拟合效果最佳.在以WDVI、SAVI、SAVI2和TSAVI为自变量,以LAI为因变量的各种估算模型中,TSAVI对LAI具有较高的估算精度,SAVI和SAVI2次之,WDVI最差.总之,在进行水稻遥感监测时,对植被指数的参数进行修正有利于提高监测精度.  相似文献   

7.
基于支持向量机回归的冬小麦叶面积指数遥感反演   总被引：16，自引：12，他引：4  
利用单一植被指数反演叶面积指数(LAI)时,存在不同程度的饱和性且每种指数只能包含部分波段的信息,该文提出利用支持向量机回归的方法进行叶面积指数的反演,可以用更多的波段信息作为输入参数以提高LAI反演精度。选取冬小麦起身期、拔节期和灌浆期的实测光谱和叶面积指数数据,用统计回归的方法分别建立NDVI-LAI和RVI-LAI模型,用支持向量机回归(SVR)方法分别建立以NDVI、RVI以及蓝、绿、红和近红外4个波段数据作为输入参数的回归预测模型,即NDVI-SVR、RVI-SVR和NRGB-SVR模型。上述5个模型分别利用对应时期的环境星HJ-CCD数据进行验证。结果表明:NDVI和RVI与叶面积指数(LAI)的回归模型预测的结果与实测值的RMSE分别为0.98与0.97;预测精度分别为59.2%与59.3%。以NDVI和RVI结合实测叶面积指数(LAI)训练并预测的结果与实测值的均方根误差RMSE分别为0.71与0.83预测精度分别为70.4%与67.1%。以蓝(B)、绿(G)、红(R)以及近红外(NIR)波段作为输入参数回归并预测的RMSE值为0.42,预测精度为81.7%。通过支持向量机回归预测具有更好的拟合效果,可以输入更多波段信息,提高了叶面积遥感反演精度,对冬小麦的多个生育期均具有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

8.
利用HJ-1-A/B CCD2数据反演冬小麦叶面积指数   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
叶面积指数是十分重要的作物生理生态参数,为提高利用国产环境减灾小卫星CCD数据反演冬小麦叶面积指数的精度,该文以5种常用的植被指数(归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI),增强植被指数(enhanced vegetation index,EVI),双波段增强植被指数(2-bands enhanced vegetation index,EVI2),比值植被指数(ratiovegetation index,RVI),土壤调节植被指数(soil-adjusted vegetation index,SAVI)为基础,结合3种常用的回归模型,按生长阶段比较分析了不同植被指数和回归模型反演叶面积指数的精度。结果表明,除生殖生长阶段外,叶面积指数和5种植被指数之间均有较强的相关关系;指数模型和一元线性模型分别为全生育期和营养生长阶段的最佳拟合模型;EVI在全生育期拟合时的表现好于其他4个指数(R2=0.9348),SAVI则是营养生长阶段表现最佳的指数(R2=0.9404)。该研究为进一步利用植被指数反演叶面积指数提供了参考。  相似文献   

9.
基于无人机数码影像的冬小麦叶面积指数探测研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  
叶面积指数(LAI)是评价作物长势的重要农学参数之一,利用遥感技术准确估测作物叶面积指数(LAI)对精准农业意义重大。目前,数码相机与无人机系统组成的高性价比遥感监测系统在农业研究中已取得一些成果,但利用无人机数码影像开展作物LAI估测研究还少有尝试。为论证利用无人机数码影像估测冬小麦LAI的可行性,本文以获取到的3个关键生育期(孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期)冬小麦无人机数码影像为数据源,利用数字图像转换原理构建出10种数字图像特征参数,并系统地分析了3个生育期内两个冬小麦品种在4种氮水平下的LAI与数字图像特征参数之间的关联性。结果表明,在LAI随生育期发生变化的同时,10种数字图像特征参数中R/(R+G+B)和本文提出的基于无人机数码影像红、绿、蓝通道DN值以及可见光大气阻抗植被指数(VARI)计算原理构建的数字图像特征参数UAV-based VARIRGB也有规律性变化,说明冬小麦的施氮差异不仅对LAI有影响,也对某些数字图像特征参数有一定影响;在不同条件(品种、氮营养水平以及生育期)下的数字图像特征参数与LAI的相关性分析中,R/(R+G+B)和UAV-based VARIRGB与LAI显著相关。进而,研究评价了R/(R+G+B)和UAV-based VARIRGB构建的LAI估测模型,最终确定UAV-based VARIRGB为估测冬小麦LAI的最佳参数指标。结果表明UAV-based VARIRGB指数模型估测的LAI与实测LAI拟合性较好(R2=0.71,RMSE=0.8,P0.01)。本研究证明将无人机数码影像应用于冬小麦LAI探测是可行的,这也为高性价比无人机遥感系统的精准农业应用增添了新成果和经验。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]对海流兔河流域的叶面积指数(LAI)进行时间空间分析,并对比几种不同气象因子之间的关系,确定叶面积指数的时空变化及其与气象因子的关系,为该区能源的合理开发与生态环境保护提供理论依据。[方法]基于MODIS影像数据,利用线性回归法分析海流兔河流域叶面积指数的时间与空间变化趋势,并对LAI与不同气象因子进行相关性分析。[结果]90.87%的研究区域LAI值处于不断上升的趋势,仅有8.77%的区域不断降低,区域年平均LAI值增量达到0.002 2/a。[结论]流域内植被生长发育状况逐年改善。自然条件下降水量的对植被的生长发育状况影响最大,平均温度与相对湿度与叶面积指数相关性非常小,对海流兔河流域植被生长影响较小。  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

15.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

16.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

20.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

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