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1.
ｎｆｅＣ基因是从慢生型大豆根瘤菌中克隆到的,与竞争结瘤有关的基因。本研究从慢生型大豆根瘤菌菌株ＧＸ２０１的ｐＬＡＦＲ３为载体的基因文库中,筛选出与ｎｆｅ同源基因克隆。以转座子Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５诱变获得了ｇｕｓ基因表达的Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５插入突变质粒。  相似文献   

2.
用根据国外已报道的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）的ＲＮＡ２的序列合成的两个引物，通过对ＢＮＹＶＶ新疆分离物的ＲＮＡ逆转录获得了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白基因的ｃＤＮＡ，经ＰＣＲ扩增后用Ｔ４聚合酶补平两端，克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）质粒的ＳｍａＩ位点，转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α，经筛选得到正向插入的重组质粒ｐＧＥＢ３。用ＰＣＲ扩增和酶切均得到５９０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段。用ＡＢＩ３７０Ａ型ＤＮＡ全自动序列仪测出该ｃ  相似文献   

3.
采用ＰＣＲ技术，获得含粪产碱菌ｎｉｆＨ基因启动子的０．６ｋｂＨｉｎｄ－Ⅲ－ＢａｍＨＩ的扩增片段，核苷酸序列分析结果表明，该ＰＣＲ产物的序列与已报道的模板ｎｉｆＨ启动子序列完全一致。通过两轮基因连接、转化和筛选，获得ｎｉｆＨ启动子与ｇｕｓＡ正向连接的融合基因表达载体ｐＴＧＹ７。经三亲结合将ｐＴＧＹ７导入粪产碱菌中，证明该融合基因能在结合子中正常表达。采用融合基因表达的组织化学定位方法，研究粪产碱菌在  相似文献   

4.
ＮＤＶ北京强毒株Ｆ４８Ｅ９经ＳＰＦ鸡胚增殖,超速离心纯化,异硫氰酸胍法提取病毒ＮＡ后,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增,得到其融合糖白基因。将扩增产物与ｐＧＥＭ＾Ｒ－Ｔ载体相连接转化,经过ＡｍｐＩＰＴＧ－Ｘｇａｌ（ＡＩＸ）平板筛选,ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切及ＰＣＲ鉴定,初步获得了含Ｆ基因的阳性克隆。用渐近法对克隆片段进行全序列分析,证明得到了作长１７４４个核苷酸的ＮＤＶ Ｆ蛋白基因。  相似文献   

5.
本研究报道马铃薯Ｙ病毒普通株系外壳蛋白基因ｃＤＮＡ克隆,全序列分析及其原核表达载体构建的结果。从感染ＰＶＹ的烟草叶片中提取病毒粒体,ＳＤＳ－酚法提取病毒核酸。以所提核酸为模板,用一对ＰＶＰＣＰ基因引物进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,扩增了０．８０ｋｂ的特异性核苷酸片段。该片段大小五国外报道的ＰＶＹ ＣＰ基因一致,将ＰＤＲ产物插入到克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚｆ（＋）中转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。  相似文献   

6.
利用PCR法从文库中快速克隆人促红细胞生成素基因   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
本文介绍一种利用ＰＣＲ技术从基因文库中快速克隆基因组ＤＮＡ的方法。含有１０７个克隆的人基因文库分成１０份，小量提取ＤＮＡ，利用特异性的寡核苷酸引物检测ＥＰＯ基因的存在与否。经过４轮ＰＣＲ筛选，从阳性管中取１０３个噬菌体进行铺板培养，经原位杂交获得含有ＥＰＯ基因的阳性克隆。阳性克隆的插入片段被亚克隆到质粒上。酶切分析及序列分析的结果均证明我们获得ＥＰＯ基因。ＰＣＲ－筛库法可以快速从文库中获得目的基因  相似文献   

7.
水稻黄单胞菌水稻变种的rpfA基因的定位和次级克隆   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
水稻黄单胞菌水稻变种产生两种顺乌头酸酶（ＸｏｏＡｃａｎＡ和ＸｏｏＡｃａｎＢ）,编码ＸｏｏｃａｎＡ的ｒｐｆＡ基因已被克隆在重组质粒ｐＧＸＮ３０００中。本工作通过转座子Ｔｎ５Ｂ２０诱变ｐＧＸＮ３０００,鉴定了ｒｐｆＡ基因的位置及其转录方向,并进一步将含有完整ｒｐｆＡ基因的４．８ｋｂＡｓｐ７１８ＥｃｏＲⅠ片段次级克隆到了多用途载体质粒ｐＩＪ３２００。  相似文献   

8.
通过ＰＣＲ、从Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ Ｋ１２ Ｙ１０９０株系中扩增获得ｇｌｇＣ基因,插入ｐＵＣ１９的ＰｓｔＩ和ＳａｃＩ位点之间,得到重组质粒ｐＡＧＰ。对所克隆的ｇｌｇＣ基因进行全序列测定,结果表明,与已发表的序列相比,有７个核苷酸发生了改变,核苷酸顺序的同源性为９９．４％,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为９９．２％,其中,第２９６位由赖氨酸变为谷氨酸。通过寡核苷酸介导的定点诱变,将第１００７位核苷酸由Ｇ变为Ａ,从  相似文献   

9.
从大量繁殖的Ｄ７３杂交瘤细胞中，提取制备其基因ｍＲＮＡ，并以此为模版，经反转录途径获得基因组ｃＤＮＡ，随后将其插入到λｇｔｌｌ中，构建了马铃薯Ｙ病毒小鼠单克隆抗体ｃＤＮＡ基因文库。通过免疫原位杂交，从该基因文库中筛选出含有抗体轻链基因的阳性克隆，进一步将其插入到ｐＧＥＭ－７Ｚｆ（＋）质粒中，经酶谱和ＤＮＡ序列分析确定，完整的轻链基因被获得。该基因含有９５６个核苷酸碱基［不包括Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）尾巴］，  相似文献   

10.
水稻白叶枯病菌dsp基因的克隆,同源性和功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以经转座子Ｔｎ５诱变的水稻白叶枯病菌ｄｓｐ基因突变体ＸｏｏＭ３１０４为材料，构建了ｄｓｐ基因探针质粒ｐＶＩＲ３。采用分子杂交法，从基因文库克隆中筛选出１个ｄｓｐ基因克隆ｐＮＡＸ３１１１，含２２ｋｂ的外源ＤＮＡ插入片段，具有４个ＫｐｎＩ酶切位点，其中３．０，２．０ｋｂ两个片段与探针质粒中Ｔｎ５侧翼的ｄｓｐ基因序列同源。以ｐＮＡＸ３１１１为探针与Ｘｏｏ日本系统、中国系统及菲律宾系统的菌株，细菌性条斑病  相似文献   

11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

12.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.  相似文献   

13.
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,  相似文献   

14.
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.  相似文献   

15.
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options.  相似文献   

16.
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.  相似文献   

18.
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.  相似文献   

19.
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB; the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants, no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi, enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant. In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after 30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it.  相似文献   

20.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value.  相似文献   

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