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1.
生物质直燃发电CDM项目可持续性的能值评价 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
生物质直燃CDM（清洁发展机制）项目的可持续发展评价需要对系统的经济、社会和环境效益等方面进行定量分析。该文应用能值理论,对生物质直燃发电CDM项目进行了能值分析,建立了能表明其功能特征的能值可持续性评价指标,并以华中某地25 MW生物质直燃发电CDM项目为案例,评价了系统的可持续发展性能。结果表明：该CDM项目每年获得的2.51×106美元温室气体减排效益,不仅可有效增大系统的能值产出率,降低环境负荷,使生物质直燃发电系统更具有竞争力;还能使系统能值可持续指标提高到6.45,使之富有活力和发展潜力,可维持较长时间内的可持续发展。 相似文献
2.
户用“猪-沼-果”生态模式经济评价 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
对江西省赣州市户用“猪 沼 果”生态模式和单项脐橙生产经济评价结果表明 ,投资建设户用“猪 沼 果”生态模式财务净现值为 2 870 4万元 ,财务内部收益率为 38.8% ,动态投资回收期为 6 .99年 ;单项脐橙生产财务净现值为 2 4 998万元 ,财务内部收益率为 34.77% ,动态投资回收期为 7.5 4年。“猪 沼 果”模式具有较强的盈利能力和抗风险能力。 相似文献
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4.
辅热集箱式畜禽粪便沼气系统研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
设计了一种新型厌氧发酵系统——辅热集箱式畜禽粪便沼气系统,该系统采用太阳能和生物质辅助加热方式,由若干个集箱式发酵单元组成,可根据养殖规模集装成50、100、200、300、500 m3等不同规模的沼气工程。并在其应用示范工程上完成了运行试验和技术经济评价,结果表明,该系统池容平均产气率为0.80 m3/(m3·d),所产沼气的热值为25.40 MJ/m3,处理后的猪粪污水COD浓度由36500 mg/L降至6500 mg/L,去除率达82.2%,悬浮物浓度由17000 mg/L降至1900 mg/L,去除率达88.8%;其净现值为183530.5元,静态投资回收期为3.58 a。该技术及其成套设备的技术经济可行性较高,具有商业化前景。 相似文献
5.
污灌区作物根与秸秆不同处置的重金属健康风险评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了评估污灌区作物秸秆不同处理方式的重金属健康风险,以天津污灌区为例,估算了该污灌区3类农作物根和秸秆中的Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn总量及其分布特征,采用健康风险评价模型对根和秸秆采取直接还田、燃用、直接还田+燃用处置可能引起的重金属健康风险进行评价。结果表明：作物中重金属的分布格局为“根多茎少”;还田处置对儿童和成人造成的累积致癌风险值分别为6.08×10-9和1.95×10-8,非致癌风险值分别为1.01×10-5和6.45×10-6,不会造成健康伤害;燃用处置对儿童和成人造成的累积致癌风险值分别为2.89×10-8和4.67×10-8,非致癌风险值分别为1.76×10-3和9.43×10-4,还田+燃用处置对儿童和成人造成的累积致癌风险值分别为2.05×10-8和4.28×10-8,非致癌风险值分别为8.88×10-4和3.78×10-4,这2种处置对儿童和成人造成的非致癌性健康风险是不可接受的。污灌区作物初级废弃物由于重金属总量大,在进行处置时,应优先考虑还田,其次谨慎考虑燃用,为农业固体废弃物管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
“五配套”生态家园模式经济效益评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以陕西省洛川县"果-畜-沼-窖-草"五配套生态家园模式为研究对象,采用财务分析方法,对模式整个周期进行了经济评价,并与非模式户的产出效益进行了对比分析.结果表明,拥有0.33hm2苹果园的模式户年投入1.16万元,比非模式户少600元;年均纯收入为7571元,比非模式户增加2445元;模式户产投比为1.66,比非模式户增加16.2%.财务分析表明,模式户净现值为4.86万元,内部收益率为73.2%,动态投资回收期为1.67年;年均净现值为5927元,比非模式户高1891元."果-畜-沼-窖-草"五配套模式户收益显著优于非模式户,"果-畜-沼-窖-草"五配套生态家园模式是经济效益好、财务可行的项目. 相似文献
7.
沼气工程是畜禽养殖业粪污末端处理与资源再利用并重的全量化资源利用模式，长期以来养殖场自运营模式下沼气工程运行效率、稳定性及经济效益低。该研究提出引入第三方运营模式，以一大型沼气工程（总有效发酵容积为10 800 m3）为例，在20 a案例期内进行两种运营模式下该沼气工程的物质流、能量流分析、碳排放以及经济性评估等多视角分析，并采用基因表达式编程进行产气拟合，为优化发酵工艺提供了策略。结果表明，第三方运营模式能够提高工程效率和经济效益：物料处理量、沼渣垫料产量、沼气产量及沼气发电量分别提高52.00%、23.00%、51.94%、79.58%；热电联产总产能提高，但能耗比和能量回收率分别降低14.74%、12.73%，这主要是未进行余热回收造成的。财务分析表明，第三方运营模式项目税后财务内部收益率提高10.20个百分点，财务净现值提高3 566万元，投资回收期缩短10.42 a；财务敏感性分析指出提高下游产品的附加值是提高该沼气工程经济效益的关键因素。该研究为沼气工程乃至其他规模化废弃物处理的第三方运营模式推广应用提供了有价值的工程参考。 相似文献
8.
松花江流域非点源氮磷负荷及其差异特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究松花江流域非点源氮磷污染负荷和差异,为水环境管理提供参考,该文运用数字高程模型（DEM）、2008年县级统计年鉴和土地利用等数据,基于遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术,利用输出系数模型（ECM）,对松花江流域非点源污染进行了空间模拟和负荷估算,并对流域内非点源污染差异特征进行了分析。结果表明,2008年松花江流域的总氮（TN）负荷为112.99×104 t,总磷（TP）负荷为4.05×104 t。其中,嫩江子流域TN和TP负荷最高,分别为52.08×104 t和1.79×104 t,分别占总量的46.09%和44.14%;第二松花江流域TN和TP负荷强度最高,TN负荷强度2.96 t/(km2·a),TP负荷强度 0.11 t/(km2·a)。从非点源成因角度分析,人为原因产生的非点源TN和TP负荷分别为95.92×104 t和3.40×104 t,分别占总量的83.90%和83.94%。人为原因是松花江流域非点源TN和TP产生的关键,天然原因也不容忽视。研究结果为总体上了解松花江流域非点源污染和水环境管理提供参考。 相似文献
9.
基于作业成本法的秸秆直燃发电物流成本分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
中国秸秆物流成本偏高制约了秸秆直燃发电的推广,针对此问题,该文采用作业成本法,结合在江苏、河南、河北等地的秸秆直燃发电成本研究,并将各地秸秆进行发热量试验,分析水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和棉花秸秆的物流成本。结果表明,4种秸秆的单位发热量的成本分别为:水稻秸秆1.40×10-2元/MJ、小麦秸秆1.15×10-2元/MJ、玉米秸秆1.09×10-2元/MJ、棉花秸秆0.96×10-2元/MJ。由试验分析可得,棉花秸秆是一种较好的燃料,成本较低、热值较高,玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆相差无几,但综合而言,小麦秸秆相对较优,而水稻秸秆,由于其独特的地理优势,在中国南方地区是主要选择。该文为生物质电厂燃料的经济技术分析提供一些参考。 相似文献
10.
秸秆捆烧清洁供暖技术评价 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
中国北方地区秸秆资源丰富，将秸秆打捆转化为能源实现清洁取暖，既能解决秸秆过剩问题，又能有效替代煤炭，对改善大气质量和人居环境具有重要意义。为探究秸秆捆烧清洁供暖技术的能源效率、经济效益和温室气体排放，采用3E（Economic，Energy and Environment）评价模型，从作物种植收获到秸秆捆烧供暖应用全过程开展系统评价，结果表明，秸秆捆烧供暖技术的能源和经济效益较好、温室气体排放少，适于居住较集中的村镇地区冬季供暖，也可用于农业、工业园区等区域供热。供暖面积0.5×104～10×104m2范围内，供暖面积越高，能源和经济环境效益越好，秸秆捆烧供暖的净能量10 512～10 774.8 MJ/t，能量产出投入比8.4～8.5，能源转化率较高，温室气体CO2当量排放量为9.67～11.21 g/MJ；技术经济成本391.1元/t（折合16.2元/m2）～560.5元/t（折合23.8元/m2），按基准收益率8%计算，供暖规模应不小于2×104 m2，若不考虑折旧只考虑运行成本，则供暖面积应不小于1×104 m2。与秸秆成型燃料和秸秆炭气联产供暖技术比较，均具有较好的经济效益，秸秆捆烧供暖技术的能量效益最优，温室气体排放量最少。与煤炭供暖技术相比，3种秸秆供暖技术的净能量产出不如煤炭，但温室气体排放仅为煤炭的1/10～1/7，秸秆清洁供暖技术的环境效益显著。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献