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1.
黄土高原小流域土壤阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因子   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  
通过对黄土高原陕北地区3个小流域(朱家沟、纸坊沟和泥河沟)27个采样点的54个土壤样品分析,应用统计方法讨论土壤阳离子交换量的分布特征和影响因子。结果表明:(1)在3个所选定的典型小流域中,土壤CEC呈现明显的地带性,从北到南,CEC值显著升高。(2)在同一流域,CEC垂直地带变化基本表现为随高度降低而增大;而在同一剖面中,表层土壤CEC值总是高于下层。通过相关性分析和逐步回归检验,得出在粘土矿物类型基本相同的前提条件下,影响CEC值变化的主要因素有pH值、土壤黏粒含量和有机质含量,粉粒含量的影响较小,而砂粒含量则与CEC表现出显著负相关。  相似文献   

2.
不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析   总被引：61，自引：8，他引：61  
以四川盆地西缘山地的典型坡面为材料，研究了不同土地利用方式和地形部位条件下土壤物理性质和养分的分异特征，结果表明，3个坡面地形部位(上坡位，中坡位，下坡位)，下坡位土壤物理结构性能较好，而人工林与坡耕地、荒草地相比较，人工林更能增强土壤的结构性。土壤养分分异特征表明，在不同利用类型条件下。土壤有机质、氮素和阳离子交换量CEC在人工林中含量最高，且与其他两种利用类型中的含量差异显著，有机质、碱解氮和CEC三者含量差异达到极显著水平。相关分析表明，土壤表层有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关。而坡面位置中，与上坡位，中坡位相比，下坡位土壤养分含量普遍要高，其中CEC含量差异达到极显著水平，相关分析表明，CEC与土壤粘粒呈极显著正相关。结果说明土壤物理性质与养分特征在坡面上的分异特征是山地坡面利用类型与地形部位共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

3.
耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
庄淑莺 《土壤通报》2007,38(3):439-442
通过对31个土壤样品的测定,研究了不同质地耕层土壤颗粒表面的分形维数(D),结果表明D介于2.7060~2.9968之间,并且同一质地类型的土壤分形维数D差异不大,但有随土壤质地由紧砂土、砂壤土、轻壤土、中壤土、重壤土到轻粘土,分形维数D呈递增趋势。统计分析结果表明:土壤颗粒表面的分形维数D与10个粒级颗粒含量之间存在极显著的线性回归关系;4个粒级对分形维数D的直接贡献由大到小依次为:粘粒>细粉>粗粉>中粉,无论哪一个粒级的颗粒含量增加,通过其它三个粒级的颗粒含量的间接效应都将使分形维数D增大;土壤有机质、土壤阳离子交换量分别与D有极显著正相关,可以用O M=-229.1113+86.5400D和CEC=-84.6456+32.1086D的直线回归方程来描述它们间的数量关系。  相似文献   

4.
运用地统计和多元回归分析方法,探讨大沽河流域土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的空间变异和影响因子。结果表明,上下层土壤CEC与有机质、黏粒和粉粒含量有着显著的正相关,而与砂粒含量则存在显著的负相关,其中与黏粒含量的相关系数最大,与粉粒含量的相关性最弱;对CEC的贡献能力依次为黏粒有机质砂粒,黏粒的贡献能力平均为有机质的1.5～2.5倍;以黏粒为辅助变量的Cokriging(COK)较之Ordinary Kriging(OK)能提高插值精度,上下层均方根误差RMSE值分别减少了18.94%和41.05%,辅助变量与主变量的相关程度决定了估值的精度;大沽河流域中东、西北部及西南方向中部地区土壤CEC较高,而北部与西南角局部地区土壤CEC保肥能力非常弱,是以后土壤改良的重点地区,可通过增施有机肥以及改土培肥等措施来提高土壤肥力水平。  相似文献   

5.
西藏土壤阳离子交换量的空间变化和影响因素研究   总被引：31，自引：2，他引：31  
根据西藏17个土类150个骨干剖面的分析资料,应用统计方法,探讨土壤CEC的空间变化和影响因素。结果表明,在西藏广阔的高原面上,土壤CEC的空间变化具有明显的水平地带特征:从东南向西北,土壤CEC随高山草甸型→高山草原型→高山荒漠型而急剧降低。土壤CEC垂直变化亦有表现,特别是在藏东南地区,山地湿润森林土壤的CEC从基带黄壤向上增高,至暗棕壤和灰化土达到最高,而在森林线以上土壤CEC又随黑毡土→草毡土→寒冻土而降低。西藏土壤CEC的空间变化,主要决定于各类土壤有机质积累的差异;有机质含量较低的土壤,粘粒含量也有重要影响;高山草甸型土壤还受粉砂粒含量的影响。土壤速效钾含量与CEC呈显著正相关,显示了土壤CEC的重要保钾功能。  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7 was measured for samples of 347 A horizons and 696 B horizons of New Zealand soils. The mean CEC was 22.1 cmolc/kg for the A horizons and 15.2 cmolc/kg for the B horizons. Multiple regressions were carried out for CEC against organic carbon (C), clay content, and the content of seven groups of clay minerals. The results, significant at p <0.001, were consistent with most of the CEC arising from soil organic matter. For the samples of A horizon, the calculated CEC was 221 cmolc/kg per unit C and for the B horizons was 330 cmolc/kg C. There was also a contribution from sites on clay minerals. Multiple regression indicated that smectite had a higher CEC (70 cmolc/kg) than other minerals but it was not as high as that of type smectites; kaolin minerals had the lowest CEC. There was a significant effect of interaction between organic matter and some clay minerals on the CEC. Samples from B horizons containing allophane had lower CEC than those not containing allophane which is consistent with allophane reacting with carboxyl groups on organic matter. For the samples from the A horizons, however the CEC was higher when allophane was present.  相似文献   

7.
河南三种土壤阳离子交换量相关性及预测模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
土壤阳离子交换量是一项重要的土壤理化性质,它是衡量土壤肥力和作物养分有效性的一个重要指标。通过对河南3种土壤1177个数据的相关性及回归分析来研究阳离子交换量与土壤有机质、pH值、粘粒含量、粉粒含量和砂粒含量的关系。结果表明:(1)对于阳离子交换量来说,砂姜黑土>水稻土>褐土;3种土壤的上层土>下层土;3种土壤的阳离子交换量比第二次土壤普查分别降低15.7%,12.7%,6.5%;(2)对与砂姜黑土和褐土来说,其阳离子交换量与pH值和0.02~2 mm砂粒含量成显著负相关,褐土与粘粒含量成显著正相关;对于水稻土来说,其阳离子交换量与有机质含量和粘粒含量成显著正相关,与砂粒含量成显著负相关;(3)利用这些数据做出的这三个土壤类型的6个回归模型是有科学依据的。总的来说,土壤有机质、pH值、粘粒含量与砂粒含量与CEC有着紧密联系,但还有其他因素影响着预测模型的准确性。  相似文献   

8.
Design and analysis of land‐use management scenarios requires detailed soil data. When such data are needed on a large scale, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) could be used to estimate different soil properties. Because existing regression‐based PTFs for estimating cation exchange capacity (CEC) do not, in general, apply well to arid areas, this study was conducted (i) to evaluate the existing models and (ii) to develop neural network‐based PTFs for predicting CEC in Aridisols of Isfahan in central Iran. As most researches have found a significant correlation between CEC and soil organic matter content (OM) and clay content, we also used these two variables for modelling of CEC. We tested several published PTFs and developed two neural network algorithms using multilayer perceptron and general regression neural networks based on a set of 170 soil samples. The data set was divided into two subsets for calibration and testing of the models. In general, the neural network‐based models provided more reliable predictions than the regression‐based PTFs.  相似文献   

9.
为探究贵州表层土壤有机质的空间变异特征及其主要影响因素,使用贵州省第二次土壤普查资料中193个土壤剖面数据,结合贵州省气象资料、土地利用类型图及土壤类型图等资料,运用地统计学和多元回归分析各因素对表层土壤有机质空间变异的解释能力。结果表明：(1)贵州省表层土壤有机质含量范围为0.05%～36.68%,平均含量为5.23%±4.96%,变异系数为94.90%;(2)表层土壤有机质在空间分布上表现出东北部高,西南部较低的格局;(3)半变异函数分析表明,贵州省土壤有机质主要受自然因素影响,海拔、CEC、耕作方式和土壤质地对表层土壤有机质含量变异的综合解释能力为35.9%,海拔作为最重要的影响因素能独立解释其变异的25.6%,CEC和耕作方式分别能解释11.3%,7.4%。贵州表层土壤有机质与年均气温呈负相关关系,与海拔呈正相关关系。研究区表层土壤有机质的分布与碳酸盐岩分布面积比例存在相关关系,整体上,随着喀斯特分布面积比例增大而受自然因素影响增大。喀斯特分布面积比例为0～10%区域主要受农业耕作施肥等人类活动的影响,11%～30%区域主要受海拔影响,31%～50%区域受年均温和CEC影响,5...  相似文献   

10.
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface properties were investigated in four particle‐size fractions < 50 μm from three loess (one Kastanozem and two Phaeozems), a holocene (Fluvisol) and a basalt soil (Nitisol) before and after destruction of organic matter. Particle‐size fractions were separated by sedimentation after chemical and physical dispersion of the soil samples. Illite, amorphous minerals, mixed layers, smectite and kaolinite were the predominant clay minerals. They were detected in all size fractions. The CEC increased with increasing organic matter contents and this effect was more pronounced in coarser fractions. The organic matter content per unit surface area was two or three times larger in coarse silt than in clay, irrespective of the soil type.  相似文献   

11.
In 24 soils the CEC of untreated samples, of samples treated with hydrogen peroxide, and of samples treated with dimethyl sulphate, was determined at pH 3, S and 8. The CEC of clay and organic matter was calculated from multiple regression equations and compared with values after treatment with peroxide and after methylation. At pH 3 and pH 5 the CECs of clay by the three methods were similar, whereas at pH 8 they were significantly lower on untreated samples. The results are interpreted in relation to the formation of organo-mineral complexes and to the interaction of the acid functions of the clay and organic matter.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract. The most common way of assessing soil organic matter content is by loss on ignition, which is both simple and inexpensive. This method tends to overestimate organic matter content because additional weight losses occur during ignition. An alternative, more expensive and time-consuming method for determining soil organic matter content is by an acid dichromate oxidation. This paper compares the results of applying these methods to soil on different parent materials in two arable fields. Summary statistics and correlation coefficients showed that there were consistent relationships between the two sets of values: the stronger was for the sandy soil and the weaker was for the clay loam. This relationship can be used to improve the accuracy with which soil organic matter content is known while using fewer of the expensive measurements and more of the inexpensive ones. Two approaches to prediction were compared: the geostatistical method of cokriging, and simple linear regression. These were used to predict organic matter determined by an acid dichromate oxidation from the loss on ignition. The estimates from cokriging were more accurate but the method requires the spatial correlation to be modelled reliably. The regression results showed it to be a valuable and practical approach. Using the information from nine carefully selected sampling sites a regression line could be fitted that was representative of the full data.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Recently agricultural activity in the mountainous area of northern Thailand has increased and problems relating to soil fertility have arisen. In order to gain basic information about the soil properties associated with shifting cultivation, physicochemical properties of the surface soils (0–10 cm) and subsoils (30–40 cm) were investigated in selected villages in the area. The physicochemical properties of the soils studied are summarized as follows: 1) The soils were rich in organic matter, content of which ranged from 11.4 to 63.3 g C kg?1 in the surface soil. 2) The pH(H2O) of the soils mostly ranged from 5 to 7 and soil acidity was more pronounced in the deeper horizons. In the surface soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg were generally dominant, whereas exchangeable Al was often predominant in the subsoils. 3) Most of the soils showed a medium to fine texture with more than 30% clay. The clay mineral composition was characterized by various degrees of mixture of kaolin minerals and clay mica with, in some cases, a certain amount of 2:1-2:1:1 intergrades. 4) According to the ion adsorption curves, most of the B horizon soils were characterized by the predominance of permanent negative charges. On the other hand, organic matter contributed to the increase of variable negative charges in the surface soils. The content of organic matter and the percentage of the clay fraction were essential for determining the CEC of the soils of the surface 10 and 30–40 cm depths, respectively. Under the field conditions, the composition of exchangeable cations largely reflected the soil acidity. In addition, the content of organic matter also showed a significant correlation with that of available N in the surface soils. Thus, soil acidity both in the surface soils and subsoils, organic matter content in the surface soils, and clay content in the subsoils were considered to be the main factors that affected soil chemical fertility in the area.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of urea concentration, soil moisture content, period of storage of soil samples, temperature and toluene on the urease activity of fifteen Trinidad soils were investigated. From the multiple regression analysis of clay content, organic carbon, CEC and amorphous Fe and Al and the urease activity of the soils, it was found that the urease activity in the presence of toluene was largely associated with the clay-organic matter complex whereas in the absence of toluene it was associated with the organic matter of the soils.  相似文献   

15.
Agricultural, environmental and ecological modeling requires soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) that is difficult to measure. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are thus routinely applied to predict CEC from easily measured physicochemical properties (e.g., texture, soil organic matter, pH). This study developed the support vector machines (SVM)‐based PTFs to predict soil CEC based on 208 soil samples collected from A and B horizons in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. The database was randomly split into calibration and validation datasets in proportions of 3:1 using the bootstrap method. The optimal SVM parameters were searched by applying the genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of SVM models was compared to those of multiple stepwise regression (MSR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Results show that the accuracy of CEC predicted by SVM improves considerably over those predicted by MSR and ANN. The performance of SVM for B horizon (R2 = 0.85) is slightly better than that for A horizon (R2 = 0.81). The SVM is a powerful approach in the simulation of nonlinear relationship between CEC and physicochemical properties of widely distributed samples from different soil horizons. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to explore the influence of each input parameter on the CEC predictions by SVM. The clay content is the most sensitive parameter, followed by soil organic matter and pH, while sand content has the weakest influence. This suggests that clay is the most important predictor for predicting CEC of both soil horizons.  相似文献   

16.
刘强  何岩  崔保山 《水土保持通报》2007,27(2):24-28,60
土壤渗透参数的空间变异性是地形因子以及土壤理化性质综合作用的结果,是影响水以及溶质迁移转化的关键因素。在坡地随机布设24个点位,测定30cm土壤的渗透参数、地形指数、容重、颗粒组成、有机质、交换性钠、CEC(阳离子交换量)和ESP。在经典统计学以及Kolmogorov—Smiromov(K—S)正态分布检验概率(Pk—s)检验基础上对数据进行了空间结构分析。结果表明,Kfs、容重、砂粒、黏粒、有机质、CEC等符合正态分布,交换性钠和ESP等属于对数正态分布;粉粒属于均匀分布;Kfs、容重、砂粒、黏粒、有机质、交换性钠和ESP等空间结构明显,CEC空间变异性较大;并以相关分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,分析了土壤渗透参数空间变异的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

17.
为了解我国亚热带地区山地草甸土性态的变化和成土特点,从福建、浙江、江西、安徽、湖南和贵州等省采集了20个代表性山地草甸土剖面,详细观察了土壤剖面形态特征,分析了土壤颗粒组成、有机质、阳离子交换量(CEC)、酸度、氧化铁形态和黏土矿物类型等指标,并从诊断分类的角度探讨了它们在中国土壤系统分类中的地位。结果表明:这一地区的山地草甸土表层有机质积累均非常明显,颜色普遍呈黑色和深褐色,土壤酸化明显,土壤氧化铁游离度多在40%以下,土壤CEC较高。但研究也发现,不同样点之间土壤的土体厚度、剖面构型、黏化状况、有机质垂直分布、氧化铁含量、矿物类型及其诊断层和诊断特性均有较大的差异。土体构型大致有Ah-C、Ah-Bw-C、Ah-Bt-C和Ah-G-C等4类。根据中国土壤系统分类的诊断标准,可把研究的20个剖面归并为均腐土、潜育土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土等5个土纲,下续分为6个亚纲、10个土类和15个亚类。研究认为,在地理发生分类中笼统地把这些土壤归为一个土类存在边界不明确等问题。  相似文献   

18.
Soil organic matter (SOM) and clay content of a soil characterized as a coarse sandy loam were modelled using hyperspectral reflectance data acquired with a spectrometer and soil electrical conductivity (SEC) data acquired with an EM38 instrument manufactured by Geonics Ltd. The partial least squares (PLS) regression method was applied and the results validated using cross validation. First, the models were calibrated using only spectral reflectance data; then EM38 data were included in the X-matrix of predictors. Although SEC is significantly correlated with clay content, the results showed that EM38 data did not improve model performance for the estimation of soil organic matter content and clay content, despite the fact that EM38 showed significant correlation with clay content.  相似文献   

19.
From 1969 to 1974, two experimental fields were studied in terms of their soil microbial and biochemical characteristics in relation to soil management practice and crop yields. Of the various microbial and biochemical properties measured soil phosphatase, saccharase, β-glucosidase and urease activities, N mineralization and soil respiration were found valuable to characterize the soils. These characteristics increased with increasing soil organic matter, clay and CaCO3 content. They also revealed a strong effect of organic fertilization. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the alkalinity and the humus content of the soil largely determined the magnitude of these characteristics. The regression analyses also showed that the yields of winter wheat were related positively to phosphatase activity while the sugarbeet yields were related negatively to soil urease activity.  相似文献   

20.
农业氮磷淋溶已经成为地下水污染最普遍和突出的问题。为揭示氮磷在包气带不同土层的淋溶特征,以典型褐土的5个土壤发生层（耕层、淋溶层、钙积层、黏化层和母质层）为研究对象,采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,在施肥量相同的条件下分析不同形态氮磷淋溶量,研究氮磷在不同土壤发生层中的迁移特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1）进行5次淋溶,耕层、淋溶层、钙积层、黏化层和母质层淋溶液中可溶性总氮总量分别为2412.63 mg·L-1、3028.94 mg·L-1、244.16 mg·L-1、3648.99 mg·L-1和3356.51 mg·L-1,淋溶层、黏化层和母质层可溶性总氮淋溶量显著高于耕层,而钙积层可溶性总氮淋溶量较耕层显著减少;耕层淋溶液中可溶性总磷总量为0.52 mg·L-1,且显著高于其他4层。2）在试验初期,耕层、淋溶层的硝态氮、可溶性总氮和正磷酸盐淋溶量显著高于黏化层和母质层,进行到第4、5次淋溶,黏化层、母质层的硝态氮和可溶性总氮淋溶量显著高于其他3层,而各发生层间正磷酸盐淋溶量无显著差异;单次淋溶黏化层和母质层铵态氮淋溶量均显著高于其他3层,而耕层可溶性总磷淋溶量始终显著高于其他各层。3）耕层和钙积层的淋溶液中硝态氮是氮素淋溶的主要形态,占可溶性总氮比例分别为69.0%和85.4%,而在淋溶层、黏化层和母质层中分别为41.3%、5.1%和4.6%;在可溶性磷中,以无机态正磷酸盐为主,最高占可溶性总磷的75.9%。4）土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、黏粒含量对土壤氮磷的迁移转化有明显主导作用。有机质与氮磷淋溶量呈显著正相关关系,有机质含量高,会增加淋溶初期氮磷的淋溶风险;而阳离子交换量和黏粒含量则与氮磷淋溶呈显著负相关关系,阳离子交换量大和黏粒多能减少氮磷素的淋溶风险。该试验结果说明,由于5种发生层土壤理化性质不同,各发生层氮磷淋溶特征及其淋溶形态也有差异,并且氮磷的淋溶受土壤本身阳离子交换量、黏粒和有机质含量的影响。  相似文献   

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