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PETP薄膜保温特性的试验研究初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
透光覆盖材料热阻较小是温室热量进出的主要通道，在很大程度上影响着室内的光温环境。采用一维热箱法在室内稳态条件下，测量了新型覆盖材料改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETP)薄膜和几种常用覆盖材料的热工性能。通过分析所测各种材料传热系数K值的大小，PETP薄膜保温性能介于8 mm厚PC中空板和0.15 mm厚PVC薄膜之间，且随厚度的增加，保温性能有所提高。同时测试了PETP薄膜红外辐射透过率，并与常用的PE和PVC薄膜进行了比较，发现PETP薄膜对地面热辐射集中的5～25 μm波段辐射的透过率远小于PE和PVC 相似文献
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光合有效辐射是农田生产力和产量估算的依据,也是农作物参数遥感反演的主要研究内容。该文基于大气辐射传输模型,选择覆盖山东禹城市2014年4月－2014年12月共12景GF-1/WFV（wide field view,WFV）数据,结合浓密植被（暗目标）蓝光波段、红光波段之间反射率的线性关系,基于查找表（look-up table,LUT）技术反演了大气气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical depth,AOD）等大气参数,提出了基于蓝、绿、红3个离散波段反演光合有效辐射（photosynthetically available radiation,PAR）的算法。其中,浓密植被是根据WFV/NDVI（normal differential vegetation index）设置阈值的方式筛选的;红光波段与蓝光波段地表反射率的比例系数为1.7977,截距为0.0034,相关系数达0.9826,是根据美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey,USGS）提供的典型植被波谱库数据理论计算获取;GF-1/WFV数据蓝、绿、红波段转换为400～700 nm谱段间光合有效辐射值之间的转换系数分别为0.09156、0.09951、0.1007。采用中国生态系统研究网络禹城实验站实测的 PAR 数据进行对比验证,光合有效辐射的总体精度达到了95.77%,误差绝对值平均为11.36 W/m2,平均误差小于5%,表明了该方法具有较高的精度。该方法不需要额外辅助数据,产品生产过程简单,是比较理想的GF-1/WFV数据光合有效辐射业务反演备选算法。 相似文献
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荫蔽信号对大豆幼苗生长和光合特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
红光/远红光比值(R/FR)下降是自然界荫蔽发生的重要信号。为探究大豆幼苗对荫蔽信号的应答机制,本文采用室内盆栽试验,以‘南豆12’和‘南032-4’两个大豆品种幼苗为材料,通过正常光照和低R/FR两种光照处理后,对其形态、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光参数进行研究。结果表明:与正常光照相比,低R/FR下,两个大豆材料幼苗均表现出典型的避荫性反应,即株高、叶面积、叶柄长、节间长增加,茎秆变细,其中,‘南豆12’的株高、叶柄长、节间长分别显著增加7.86%、81.48%、26.55%,‘南032-4’分别增加3.95%、76.67%、20.00%;叶片的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)提高,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和初始荧光强度(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(q P)等降低,非光化学淬灭系数(q N)升高,总干物质积累量增加,其中,‘南豆12’和‘南032-4’的Pn分别增加37.21%和39.04%、总干物质积累量分别增加12.35%和17.36%、Ci分别降低9.29%和11.72%。然而,不同大豆材料对低R/FR的敏感程度不同。在低R/FR光环境下,‘南豆12’较‘南032-4’表现出较低的株高、节间长、叶柄长,较大的叶面积和茎粗,较高的光能传递转换效率、Pn、Gs以及干物质积累量,体现了对荫蔽较强的适应性。本研究进一步证实了大豆具有感受荫蔽信号(低R/FR)的能力,但其敏感程度因品种不同而不同,在间套作过程中,为提高大豆耐荫性,降低大豆因避荫反应导致的倒伏率,保障大豆产量,应该选择对荫蔽信号不敏感的品种。 相似文献
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为了选择合适的包装措施以减缓山核桃仁中油脂在贮藏期间的氧化酸败,延长其贮藏期,研究了用聚乙烯塑料膜（Polyethylene,PE）和聚乙烯塑料铝箔膜（Polyethylene/Al,PE/Al）的普通包装与PE、PE/Al的真空包装,4种不同包装措施对山核桃贮藏过程中油脂氧化的影响。通过不同包装对山核桃油脂的酸价、碘价、过氧化值、p-茴香胺值和脂肪氧合酶活性在贮藏过程中的变化情况的影响,确定适合山核桃的包装形式。试验结果表明PE/Al真空包装能有效减缓山核桃油脂的氧化进程,从而延缓山核桃的品质的下降,延长其货架期。 相似文献
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红光波段和近红外波段常被作为森林蓄积量反演的敏感波段,介于两者之间的红边波段往往被忽略,为了明确红边波段对森林蓄积量的遥感反演精度的影响,本研究基于高分六号卫星宽幅影像（GF6-WFV）,结合西宁市2014年森林资源二类调查数据,从光谱特征、植被指数、地形因子、影像纹理等4个方面选取蓄积量反演的自变量,采用多元线性回归（MLR）、随机森林（RF）模型,分析比较了有无红边波段对西宁市针叶林蓄积量遥感反演精度的影响。结果表明：（1）无红边波段（No Red-Edge）和加入红边波段（Red-Edge Added）两组处理的纹理特征变量降维后,其主成分信息主要解释了红外、近红外以及红边1波段的纹理特征。（2）与蓄积量相关的光谱特征变量：No Red-Edge处理主要包括红边波段和近红外波段的地表反射率,Red-Edge Added处理主要为红边1波段的地表反射率;植被指数变量：No Red-Edge处理主要包括NDVI和SAVI,Red-Edge Added处理为MTCI。（3）加入红边波段后,RF模型的R2优于MLR模型,分别为0.6719和0.5487,RF模型的均方根误差（RMSE）小于MLR模型,分别为26.3m3hm−2和20.8m3hm−2。（4）去除模型对反演精度的影响后,相对于No Red-Edge,Red-Edge Added处理的反演结果与观测值拟合的R2提高了11.6%,RMSE降低了9.1%。说明加入红边波段可显著提高西宁市针叶林蓄积量的反演精度,研究结果可为森林蓄积量的遥感反演提供科学依据。 相似文献
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温室透光覆盖材料透光特性的测试 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
透光特性是温室透光覆盖材料的一个重要指标,其数值的表达却因测试方法的不同而有所差异.该文介绍了透光覆盖材料太阳辐射透过率的测试及计算方法,选用聚乙烯塑料膜(PE)、浮法玻璃、聚碳酸酯双层中空板(PC)三种典型的覆盖材料进行了测试,计算了国际照明委员会(CIE)规定的标准C、标准A和标准D65三种光源下,在可见光与PAR波段范围内,基于4种权重系数下的覆盖材料透光率和光合有效辐射(PAR)透过率.结果表明,PE薄膜几乎不受影响,浮法玻璃相差2%左右,聚碳酸酯双层中空板差异达2%～3.7%. 相似文献
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温室用聚碳酸酯中空板辐射透过特性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
聚碳酸酯中空板质量轻、保温好、抗冲击、寿命长，在温室中得到了广泛的应用。但由于其透光性能比玻璃的差，有时造成种植者生产受损，甚至与材料生产企业发生纠纷。为了分析和了解这种材料的辐射透过性能，该文对聚碳酸酯(PC)中空板辐射透过率进行了测定和计算，并以玻璃为参照，分析了聚碳酸酯中空板对紫外线、可见光和红外线的透过率，结果表明聚碳酸酯中空板基本不透过紫外线，在可见光范围内的透光率较玻璃约低10%，在2～5 μm红外线波段的辐射透过率仅为玻璃的40%左右，在5～25 μm波段有两个小峰值透过率波段，但透过率都低于5%，虽较玻璃差，但从总量值上看仍然具有非常优异的保温性能。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验方法,设计7种不同灌溉水质对苜蓿（Medicago sativaL.cv‘.Algonquin＇）进行灌溉处理,包括：清水灌溉（F）、再生水灌溉（R）、等营养水灌溉（E）、清水和再生水交替灌溉（T）、再生水和清水1∶1混合灌溉（FR）、再生水和清水1∶2混合灌溉（F2R）、再生水和清水2∶1混合灌溉（2FR）。研究结果表明,与清水灌溉（F）相比,再生水灌溉（R）可以明显提高苜蓿的株高和侧枝数水平;交替灌溉（T）和混合灌溉（2FR）对提高苜蓿干草产量作用明显;各灌溉水质对苜蓿叶茎比、根冠比和根系活力的影响都是暂时性的,长期进行灌溉影响不显著;混合灌溉（FR、F2R、2FR）和再生水灌溉（R）会提高苜蓿体内氮、钙和镁的含量,而对钾的含量没有影响,苜蓿体内磷的含量随各灌溉水质中磷含量的增加而减小。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献