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1.
中宁圆枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
以10年生的中宁圆枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期(白熟期￣全红期)生理和生化变化特性,结果表明:(1)中宁圆枣果肉硬度变化具有明显的2个阶段,从白熟期至初红期,果肉硬度大幅度降低;从初红期至全红期,硬度维持在12.0￣12.5kg/cm2。(2)果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9686;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9254。(3)果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,葡萄糖含量和果实发育成熟度呈显著的正相关关系。(4)中宁圆枣果实在白熟期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“果糖 蔗糖”型。(5)随着果实发育成熟,果实相对甜度不断增加。果实总糖、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和果糖含量与果实相对甜度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9940、0.9827、0.9750和0.9259;葡萄糖含量和果实相对甜度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9117。 相似文献
2.
Sensory evaluation as a selection tool in apple breeding 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Several conventional sensory methods were adapted to provide aprocedure that is suitable for screening apple (Malus × domestica) breeding selections for dessert quality. Trained judges were presented with randomized coded samples (apple slices) and asked to rate them on 0 to 9 bipolar hedonic (liking) scales for texture and flavour, and 0 to 9 unipolar intensity scales for skin toughness, crispness, hardness, juiciness, aroma, sweetness and sourness. Appearance liking was rated on coded samples of five whole apples, using the 0 to 9 hedonic scale. A minimum panel size of eleven judges was generally sufficient to obtain statistical discrimination of one point on the 0 to 9 scales. Panel mean scores for breeding selections relative to standards have been consistent from panel to panel and year to year. A subset of selections and cultivars was rated for appearance and taste by consumers in blind taste tests. In-house panel findings were comparable to consumer ratings for taste and appearance liking, with a few exceptions in appearance. Panel mean scores for texture and flavour liking were regressed on texture and flavour components. Crispness accounted for about 90% of the variation in texture liking. Juiciness, aroma, sweetness and sourness were all important to flavour liking, but their relative importance changed from year to year and in total accounted for only about 60% of variation in flavour liking. Perceived sweetness and sourness were better predictors of liking than analytical measurements of soluble solids and titratable acidity. Formal sensory evaluation can be used successfully for screening breeding selections, and may provide more reliable data than the opinions of only one or two people. 相似文献
3.
M. R. Ercolano P. Carli A. Soria A. Cascone V. Fogliano L. Frusciante A. Barone 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):571-582
Fruit flavour of traditional tomato ecotypes differs from that of modern varieties, the latter being often blamed for lack
of flavour. To respond to consumer complaints breeders should know the range of genetic variability available in tomato resources,
including local ecotypes, for improving flavour. For this purpose, multitrait characterization, including biochemical, sensorial
and molecular analyses, was performed on 12 Italian tomato ecotypes that belong to different types (San Marzano, Sorrento,
and Vesuvio). The ecotypes showed a significant variation both in glucose and citric acid content. As for amino acid determination,
lysine, aspartic acid and serine showed significant variation among the three types analyzed. Sensory analysis clearly evidenced
differences among genotypes: the San Marzano ecotypes revealed sensory profiles that differ from the control processing variety
in perception of sweetness and sourness, whereas the Sorrento and Vesuvio ecotype profiles were similar to the fresh market
control. In particular, Vesuvio genotypes exhibited a good intensity of tomato aroma and sweetness and an intermediate level
of acidity. Finally, molecular characterization performed through AFLP markers provided evidence for a very high level of
polymorphism: an ecotype-specific AFLP pattern was identified for at least 11 genotypes, thus defining their molecular fingerprints. 相似文献
4.
An assessment of genetic diversity studies was undertaken to understand the level and pattern of diversity in 65 mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes of India including 20 commercial cultivars, 18 hybrids, 25 local genotypes and two exotic cultivars based on
qualitative and quantitative fruit characters as well as RAPD and ISSR profiles. A considerable variation was observed in
respect of three important qualitative characters namely table quality, fruit attractiveness and storage life of ripe fruits
and potentially superior genotypes for the above traits were identified. A wide variation was noticeable regarding metabolite
composition of pulp of ripe mango fruit with respect to total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, acidity, sugar:acid
ratio, ascorbic acid and phenolic content. Fifteen RAPD primers yielded 27 monomorphic and 129 polymorphic bands with percent
polymorphism averaging 82.7%. Of a total 70 ISSR bands generated from eight ISSR primers, 60 bands (85.71%) were found to
be polymorphic. Cumulative band data from these two methods precisely arranged accessions into eight clusters which correspond
well with their pedigree relationship. UPGMA dendrograms drawn using RAPD, ISSR and cumulative data showed highly similar
grouping of genotypes on the basis of their parental origin. No clear-cut geographical separation was revealed among East,
West, North and South Indian mango cultivars by neither of these molecular markers nor their combinations. This supports the
common gene pool origin of mango as well as operation of similar selection pressure as the cultivar preferences in these areas
are largely similar. 相似文献
5.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2007,45(3):271-276
Cultivar segregation according to the sensory perception of their organoleptic characteristics was attempted by using trained panel data evaluated by principal component analysis of 12 plum and four pluot cultivars as a part of our program to understand plum minimum quality. The perception of the four sensory attributes (sweetness, sourness, plum flavor intensity, plum aroma intensity) was reduced to three principal components, which accounted for 98.6% of the variation in the sensory attributes of the tested cultivars. Using the Ward separation method and PCA analysis (PC1 = 49.8% and PC2 = 25.6%), plum and pluot cultivars were segregated into groups (tart, plum aroma, and sweet/plum flavor) with similar sensory attributes. Fruit source significantly affected cultivar ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and ripe titratable acidity (RTA), but it did not significantly affect sensory perception of plum flavor intensity, sourness, sweetness, and plum aroma intensity by the trained panel on fruit harvested above their physiological maturity.Based on this information, we recommend that validation of these organoleptic groups should be conducted using “in store” consumer tests prior to development of a minimum quality index within each organoleptic group based on ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC). This organoleptic cultivar classification will help to match consumer preferences and enhance current promotion and marketing programs. 相似文献
6.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2006,39(1):10-18
Cultivar segregation according to the sensory perception of their organoleptic characteristics was attempted by using trained panel data evaluated by principal component analysis of four sources per cultivar of 23 peach and 26 nectarine cultivars as a part of our program to develop minimum quality indexes. Fruit source significantly affected cultivar ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC) and ripe titratable acidity (RTA), but it did not significantly affect sensory perception of peach or nectarine flavor intensity, sourness or aroma by the trained panel. For five out of the 49 cultivars tested, source played a role in perception of sweetness. In all of these cases when a source of a specific cultivar was not classified in the proposed organoleptic group it could be explained by the fruit having been harvested outside of the commercial physiological maturity (immature or over-mature) for that cultivar. The perception of the four sensory attributes (sweetness, sourness, peach or nectarine flavor intensity, peach or nectarine aroma intensity) was analyzed by using the three principal components, which accounted for 92 and 94% of the variation in the sensory attributes of the tested cultivars for peach and nectarine, respectively. Season did not significantly affect the classification of one cultivar that was evaluated during these two seasons. By plotting organoleptic characteristics in PC1 and PC2 (∼76%) for peach and nectarine, cultivars were segregated into groups (balanced, tart, sweet, peach or nectarine aroma and/or peach or nectarine flavor intensity) with similar sensory attributes; nectarines were classified into five groups and peaches into four groups. Based on this information, we recommend that cultivars should be classified in organoleptic groups and development of a minimum quality index should be attempted within each organoleptic group rather than proposing a generic minimum quality index based on the ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC). This organoleptic cultivar classification will help to match ethnic preferences and enhance current promotion and marketing programs. 相似文献
7.
J. S. Faulkner 《Euphytica》1974,23(2):281-288
Summary Paraquat tolerance has been studied in an experimental population of Lolium perenne. After applying various concentrations of the herbicide, eye assessments of damage were made, and yield responses recorded. There was a quantitative pattern of variation; heritability was studied by analyzing (a) variation within and between families of half-sibs, and (b) the regression of progeny on their female parent. Heritability values were mostly in the range 0.51 to 0.72. It is concluded that it would be possible to increase tolerance to paraquat by selection, and that selection on eye assessment would be almost as effective as selection on yield response. 相似文献
8.
Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection. 相似文献
9.
研究了黄皮两个主要栽培品种鸡心黄皮和郁南无核黄皮果实生长动态及其发育过程中糖、酸和维生素C含量的变化规律。结果表明：两个黄皮栽培品种果实纵、横径生长均呈双“S”型曲线；糖、酸和维生素C含量的变化两品种间虽有差异，但随着果实发育成熟呈规律性变化。果实糖含量随着果实发育成熟逐渐增加，其中鸡心黄皮在果实转黄后第3周（即花后12周）剧增，而无核黄皮在转黄后第5周（即花后14周）剧增；果实酸含量随着果实发育成熟逐渐下降，其中鸡心黄皮在果实转黄后第3周（即花后12周）开始剧降，而无核黄皮在转黄后第4周（即花后13周）开始剧降，直至果实成熟；维生素C含量在果实发育成熟的早期有升有降，但在果实成熟后期即果实转黄后第3~5周含量均急剧升高，最后成熟果维生素C含量显著高于青果 相似文献
10.
为研究双矮栽培模式下套袋、不套袋管理对短枝富士苹果品质的影响,以嫁接在M9T337矮化自根砧上的4个短枝富士品种为试材,检测不同栽培条件下的果实品质和香气物质成分。结果表明,套袋果实的可溶性固形物含量和总糖含量均低于不套袋果实;苹果酸和琥珀酸是苹果中的主要酸组分,不同的短枝富士品种表现出不同的差异;4个短枝型富士品种的主要香气成分均为酯类,占总香气成分的77.71%~96.49%,是典型的酯香型苹果品种;‘烟富6’、‘沂源红’、‘宫崎短枝’3个品种,套袋和不套袋管理情况下主要香气成分均是乙酸己酯;‘龙富短枝’品种套袋果实的主要香气成分为乙酸己酯,而不套袋果实的主要香气成分为2-甲基丁酸己酯。 相似文献
11.
12.
The investigation of acid and sugar content in an array of apricot cultivars and progenies indicates the existence of marked variability. Citric acid varied from 0.17 to 1.20% and malic acid from 0.21 to 1.51% on fresh weight. Fructose varied from 0.27 to 1.60%, glucose from 0.90 to 3.13% and sucrose from 1.92 to 6.92%. The estimate of heritability was high for total and main sugars, reaching over 0.50%. Acids generally showed low coefficients, although those for citric (0.27) and malic (0.36) were good. With the exception of one progeny, all genotype/year comparisons were not significant, showing constant patterns for acid and sugars over the years regardless of the variability in absolute values. This means that the patterns of each genotype are under genetic control. The wide range of diversity in acid and sugar content in apricot germplasm and the independent heritability for most of these compounds make it possible to breed and select cultivars with improved flavour on the basis of superior phenotypes. 相似文献
13.
不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质（果形指数、单果重、可食率）和8项营养物质含量（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比）,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘新疆杏晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。。 相似文献
14.
Inheritance patterns for table grape sugars and organic acids were investigated on three cross offspring populations during
two successive years. Glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars in progeny berries with only trace amounts of sucrose.
Total sugar content showed additive inheritance and the broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.61 to 0.84. The means of progeny
sugar content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of malic acid was strongly additive and the broad-sense heritability
varied from 0.73 to 0.89. The means of progeny malic acid content were higher than mean parent values. Tartaric acid was mainly
controlled by non-additive effect and the broad-sense heritability varied from 0.59 to 0.84. The means of progeny tartaric
acid content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of the total acid content was strongly additive and was mainly
influenced by malic acid. The broad-sense heritability of total acid varied from 0.53 to 0.90. 相似文献
15.
酸枣种质资源果实主要数量性状变异及相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对149份酸枣种质的主要数量性状进行分析研究,得出了酸枣果实主要数量性状的变异情况、主要数量性状间的相关性。以149份酸枣种质为材料,对其主要数量性状的变异和相关性进行了分析。结果表明,变异系数的分布范围很广,在6.94%~56.18%之间。可溶性总糖和单果重呈极显著正相关,和可食率呈显著正相关;可滴定酸和单果重、果核指数呈极显著负相关,和可食率、千仁重呈显著负相关,和维生素C呈极显著正相关;维生素C和单果重呈显著负相关。 相似文献
16.
冬枣和临猗梨枣果实发育期主要营养成分变化 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
为探究鲜食枣品种的营养品质形成规律,以碘量滴定法,酸碱中和滴定法以及2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定了冬枣、临猗梨枣果实发育过程中可溶性糖,可滴定酸以及维生素C的含量。结果显示：在冬枣和临猗梨枣果实的发育过程中,可溶性总糖含量的变化趋势为前期变化不明显,近成熟迅速积累至最高;可溶性糖组分在果实发育前期为果糖>葡萄糖>蔗糖,成熟时为蔗糖>果糖>葡萄糖。可滴定酸含量前期较高,随果实生长呈下降的趋势,果实成熟时略有升高。维生素C含量变化总体上低-高-低的变化趋势。 相似文献
17.
Selective absorption (SA) of K over Na (i.e. the preferential absorption of K over Na) has been proposed as a Na tolerance mechanism but genotypic variation for this trait has not been assessed with sugar beet in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the variation of SA in 14 sugar beet cultivars and to relate SA with yield and root quality in two sites of central Greece (Amfithea and Pyrgetos). Genotypic variation for SA was significant and the SA values were higher in Pyrgetos, the site with the lower soil K and Na concentrations. In Pyrgetos, a favourable environment for sugar beet growth, cultivars yielded more and root quality was better. In that site, a negative relationship between SA and yield (fresh root weight, sugar yield) was found indicating that strong Na exclusion from root is a disadvantage for high yielding. Negative SA–yield relationships were evident in Amfithea when five cultivars with very low SA values (<1.00) were excluded from the analysis. Combined all the cultivars, curvilinear functions were the best-fitted curves for the SA–yield relationships. In Amfithea, where sugar beets had lower water content in root (WCR), a significant, positive correlation between SA and % sucrose content in fresh root weight was found. This finding was ascribed to the dilution of sucrose in roots due to the increased WCR as a result of the increased root Na concentration. In both sites, SA was positively related with root K concentration and negatively with Na concentration. The positive correlations between SA and root α-amino N concentration indicated that sugar beet N nutrition could be affected by the genotypic ability to exclude Na from the root. 相似文献
18.
西洋梨品种间糖酸及风味物质含量差异性比较 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以4个西洋梨品种为材料,通过测定果实糖酸含量和芳香成分,并计算其风味指数,研究、比较了西洋梨品种间糖酸含量、风味指数及香味成分差异。结果表明：各个西洋梨品种间糖、酸组分及含量差异较大;在其他因素一致的条件下,风味指数考虑了各个糖组分对果实风味的贡献,更能体现各个品种间果实风味的差异。4个品种中均检测到乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸辛酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯及(2E,4Z)-癸二烯酸乙酯等7种特征香味成分,但各个品种间芳香成分含量存在较大差异,而酯类芳香成分相对含量较其他特性芳香成分的相对含量较高。本研究中,从风味指数（味感物质）角度考虑,‘早红考密斯’风味最佳,‘巴梨’和‘康佛伦斯’次之,‘三季梨’风味较淡。从香味成分（嗅感物质）角度考虑,‘康佛伦斯’香味最浓,而‘早红考密斯’香味较淡。 相似文献
19.
Major sugar and carboxylic acid components in apricot flesh fruits were detected and quantified. Fifty-one genotypes including
clones growing in France, Spain, Italy, Greece and USA, belonging to the INRA germ plasm collection has been evaluated. Principal
component analysis (PCA) has been performed to study correlation among fruit quality measurements and to interpret relationships
between genotypes as a tool for germ plasm characterization. A marked variation in malic and citric acid content has been
observed and PCA revealed clusters of apricot genotypes for the malic/citric ratio content. A good correlation between sugar
component and refractometer index (r = 0.83) has been detected. The wide range of diversity in malic and citric acid content in apricot germ plasm makes it possible
to breed and select genotypes with improved flavour on the basis of superior phenotypes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
党参枸杞复合饮料的制备及其抗氧化活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以党参和枸杞为主要原料,辅以蔗糖、柠檬酸和黄原胶,研制党参枸杞复合饮料。以感官得分为评价指标,采用单因素试验与响应面法确定该饮料中不同组分的最佳配比,通过测定该饮料对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率,体外评价其抗氧化活性。试验结果显示,该运动饮料的最佳配方参数为:40%党参多糖与40%枸杞多糖水溶液体积比1∶2,蔗糖用量6%,柠檬酸用量0.5%,黄原胶用量0.3%(相对多糖混合液的百分比)。在此配方下制得的党参枸杞复合饮料棕黄透亮、色泽均匀,混有党参与枸杞香味,酸甜适中,静置后未有明显沉淀与分层,感官评分达到86.53分。该饮料对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率分别为73.75%、69.48%和71.55%,说明其体外抗氧化活性较好。 相似文献