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1.
P. O. Ugherughe 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1986,157(2):136-143
The change in leaf to stem ratio with advancing maturity is perhaps the greatest contributing factor in forages to decreased nutritive value. However, the relationship between the digestibility of plant parts has not been determined in most forage grasses. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between digestibility of smooth bromegrass ( Bromus inermis Leyss.) plant parts and that between them and whole plant digestibility. Thirty genotypes grown as solid stands and spaced plants were used for the study. The leaves, stems, panicles, and whole plants were evaluated for digestibility using the acid-pepsin dry matter disappearance (APDMD) technique. Genotypes were significantly different in leaf, stem, and panicle APDMD in each cutting under the two planting patterns. Significant differences were also found among APDMD of the first cutting (APDMD-1) of leaves, stems, panicles, and whole plants, respectively, over the two-year period. The APDMD of leaves, stems, panicles, and whole plants were less variable in the second and third cuttings than in the first cutting. Among the plant parts, the APDMD of leaves correlated best with whole plant APDMD. Furthermore, leaf APDMD also correlated better with stem APDMD than with panicle APDMD. Useful regression equations for the prediction of whole plant APDMD from leaf APDMD were obtained. 相似文献
2.
菜薹硝酸盐积累与品种、营养品质之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为获得3种不同颜色菜薹的硝酸盐积累和营养品质间的关系,以绿菜薹(菜心)、白菜薹和红菜薹为试验材料,采用水肥一体化种植和对菜薹的营养品质测定相关方法对不同颜色菜薹的硝酸盐积累与维生素C、可溶性固形物等营养品质间的关系进行研究。结果表明:绿、白和红菜薹不同品种间硝酸盐含量差异显著。硝酸盐聚类分析将44个菜薹品种划分为硝酸盐含量高和低的2个类群:硝酸盐含量高的类群(33个品种)中包括绿菜薹33个品种中的31个品种和白菜薹5个品种中的2个品种;硝酸盐含量低的类群(11个品种)包含2个绿菜薹品种和3个白菜薹品种,另6个红菜薹品种均属于硝酸盐含量低品种。菜薹硝酸盐积累与其营养指标密切相关,根据硝酸盐含量和营养品质指标(包括维生素C、还原糖、可溶性固体物质和蛋白质含量)的聚类分析结果分为3类:第1类包含32个绿菜薹品种和2个白菜薹品种,为高硝酸盐含量和营养品质指数低的品种;第2类包含6个红菜薹品种和2个白菜薹品种,为低硝酸盐含量和营养品质较高的品种;第3类包含1个绿菜薹和1个白菜薹品种,硝酸盐含量低且营养品质佳的品种。PCA分析表明,硝酸盐积累与各营养指标存在差异,且相关性分析也证实硝酸盐与营养指标存在显著相关。菜薹硝酸盐与营养品质分类和相关性分析为筛选和选育低硝酸盐高品质品种奠定基础。 相似文献
3.
The Influence of Interspecific Competition in a Grass-clover Mixture on Nutritional Value
In a field experiment, the influence of interspecific competition on the nutritional value of different species in a grass-clover mixture was studied. The species were Trifolium pratense and Dactylis glomerata or Lolittm multiflorum , respectively. N-fertilization was varied in two steps (20 and 70 kg N ha-1 cut-1 ). The swards were cut four times a year, and each species was harvested separately. The content of net energy (NEL), crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and minerals in each species were determined. The NEL content of the species was only slightly influenced by mixed cropping. The CP concent of the grasses was higher in mixtures with Trifolium pratense than in monocultures. The WSC content of the grasses decreased with an increasing ratio of Trifolium pratense in the mixtures. This was due to a higher N-supply in the grasses in mixtures compared with monocultures on the one hand, and shading by Trifolium pratense on the other. In a few cases, the WSC content of Trifolium pratense was reduced by mixed cropping with the grasses. The mineral content of three species was clearly influenced by interspecific competition. The extent and the direction of the changes were different in the particular cuts and depended on the growing conditions and yield ratios of the species in the different mixtures. The results show that interspecific competition has an influence on the nutritional value of the species in a grass-clover mixture. 相似文献
In a field experiment, the influence of interspecific competition on the nutritional value of different species in a grass-clover mixture was studied. The species were Trifolium pratense and Dactylis glomerata or Lolittm multiflorum , respectively. N-fertilization was varied in two steps (20 and 70 kg N ha
4.
通过14个作为禽用着色剂的黄秋葵品系比较试验,分析其种子发芽率、产量（叶片、茎杆、种子）、营养成分（叶片、茎杆）。结果表明：14个品系的种子发芽率差异极显著,其中021和007-1发芽率最高,达到92.5%;叶片和茎杆平均干物质产量差异均亦极显著,004-2叶片干物质产量最高,达到4948kg/hm2,018茎秆干物质产量最高,达到7103.4kg/hm2;008的营养价值最高;种子产量007-1最高,公顷产量大于3000kg。综合评价,018品系作为禽用着色剂较适合推广种植。 相似文献
5.
甘蔗渣的饲用价值评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨甘蔗渣作为牲畜粗饲料的营养价值评价,本研究以光叶紫花苕、灯盏花秆、蚕豆秆、熟化洋蓟花苞等农副产物作对照,对其常规营养成分及其饲料相对值(RFV)和粗饲料分级指数(GI)进行综合评价。结果表明：甘蔗渣的粗蛋白(CP)含量显著低于熟化洋蓟花苞、光叶紫花苕、灯盏花秆(P<0.01),也低于蚕豆秆(P>0.05);甘蔗渣的粗脂肪(EE)含量明显低于光叶紫花苕、灯盏花秆(P<0.05),而甘蔗渣的钙、磷含量显著低于其他粗饲料(P<0.05)。在测定五类粗饲料中,光叶紫花苕、灯盏花秆和熟化洋蓟花苞的RFV分别为102.90、88.62和94.75,明显低于优质青贮玉米(139.48)(P<0.05),显著高于甘蔗渣(76.09)和蚕豆秆(55.86)(P<0.01),甘蔗渣(76.09)跟稻草糠(73.45)差异不显著(P>0.05)。与之相对应,光叶紫花苕、灯盏花秆、熟化洋蓟花苞的干物质随意采食量(DMI)、产奶净能(NEL)显著高于甘蔗渣和蚕豆秆的对应值(P<0.05)。RFV排序依次为：光叶紫花苕>熟化洋蓟花苞>灯盏花秆>甘蔗渣>蚕豆秆;而粗蛋白含量高的灯盏花秆GI优于光叶紫花苕(P>0.05)和灯盏花秆(P<0.05),甘蔗渣和蚕豆秆二者极低(P<0.01),表明甘蔗渣饲用价值低下,作为粗饲料利用必须与其他饲料进行混合发酵或膨化后制作颗粒料。 相似文献
6.
Frost tolerance is a main component of winter-hardiness and improving it would promote faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cropping in cool-temperate regions. In many species, leaf fatty acid composition was found to be related to frost tolerance.
The objective of this study was to determine, in a representative sample of genotypes, the effect of hardening on leaf and
stem (1) frost tolerance and (2) fatty acid composition, and to seek correlations between them. First leaf, second leaf and
stem of 31 faba bean genotypes were analyzed after hardening and without hardening. High frost tolerance of known winter genotypes
and several experimental lines was shown. Hardening had a significant, positive effect on frost tolerance of all three organs.
Stems were on average more frost tolerant than leaves. Hardening induced significant changes in the fatty acid composition:
oleic acid decreased significantly in leaves by 3.24% and in stems by 1.77%, whereas linolenic acid increased in leaves by
6.28% and in stems by 9.06%. In stems, correlations between frost tolerance and fatty acid composition were not significant.
Correlation coefficients strongly indicated that non-hardened oleic acid content, changes in oleic acid and in linoleic plus
linolenic acid content in leaves partly explained their frost tolerance; 0.347 (P < 0.1) < |r| < 0.543 (P < 0.01). The results corroborate the importance of using genetic differences in the fatty acid metabolism in breeding grain
legumes for frost tolerance. 相似文献
7.
R. Chandra Babu M. Moosa Sheriff V. Muralidharan M. Seetharani 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1988,161(5):353-356
Significant differences were observed for leaf net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal frequency and specific leaf mass among ten greengram cultivars. Leaf net photosynthetic rate had significant positive correlation with soluble protein, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal frequency and specific leaf mass. Leaf net photosynthetic rate had no relationship with leaf chlorophyll content in greengram. 相似文献
8.
Summary
Hordeum spontaneum, the wild progenitor of cultivated barley, has previously been examined in various studies as a germplasm resource in breeding for grain protein content and related nutritional traits.The nitrogen content and dry weight of leaf and stem (stem plus sheath) at anthesis, and the final grain size and grain protein content were measured in 33 H. spontaneum and two H. vulgare genotypes. H. spontaneum was generally higher in nitrogen content of leaves and stems, but lower in dry weight at anthesis. Consistent with previous reports, the H. spontaneum genotypes were considerably higher in grain protein than the cultivars. There was wide variation between and within populations of H. spontaneum suggesting that for breeding purposes lines combining high vegetative nitrogen content, dry weight and grain protein content can be selected.Incumbent of the Seagram Chair for Plant Science 相似文献
9.
不同生育期光合叶面积对人参皂苷含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了研究不同茎叶数人参在不同生育期人参皂苷含量变化规律,以三年生、四年生三茎、二茎和单茎人参为研究对象,以人参皂苷为检测指标,采集集安不同茎叶数和不同生育期的人参,用紫外分光光度计法测定总皂苷含量,并用HPLC法测定7种单体皂苷的含量,比较其变化规律。①人参皂苷的含量随生长年限的增加而增加;在不同的生育期内,三年生、四年生人参在红果期人参总皂苷含量最高,其含量分别为4.46%、4.94%、4.97%、6.69%、5.00%。②不同茎数人参、双茎叶人参总皂苷含量高于单茎叶人参和三茎叶人参的总皂苷含量。③不同时期参根中单体皂苷含量不同。总体而言,其不同生育期单体皂苷红果期Rb1含量最高,其四年双茎Rb1含量最高为1.035 mg/g;而枯萎期时Rd含量最低,三年单茎Rd含量最低为0.105 mg/g。且不同茎叶数人参,双茎叶人参的单体皂苷高于三茎叶和单茎叶的人参的单体皂苷。人参皂苷的含量与生育期和茎数有密切的关系,建议栽培时做双茎化处理,并在红果期末期采收。 相似文献
10.
Summary Powdery mildew development was assessed on squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants of a susceptible cultivar, a resistant accession, their F1, and their F2 in an early summer planting in the field, covered or not covered with a shading net. Three reaction types were observed: susceptible, powdery mildew on stems and on both, the upper and lower leaf surfaces, as in the susceptible parent; resistant, no powdery mildew on leaves or stems, as in the resistant parent; and partially resistant, powdery mildew on upper leaf surfaces only, as in the F1. Disease presence on the stem was associated with susceptibility. Shading hastened the appearance of powdery mildew and increased the severity of infection on partially resistant and susceptible plants, facilitating identification of resistant individuals in the F2 population.Contribution No. 1613-E from the Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel 相似文献
11.
棉花上部叶片叶绿素SPAD值动态变化研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为了探索利用叶绿素SPAD值在不同生育阶段进行棉花营养诊断的方法,以2个早熟品种（‘中棉所36’、‘中棉所50’）和2个中熟品种（‘中棉所41’、‘鲁棉28’）为对象,研究了棉花主茎倒1至倒4叶在全生育期的叶绿素SPAD值动态变化,并研究了氮、磷施用量对鲁棉28蕾期、花期和吐絮期主茎功能叶的SPAD值影响。结果表明：2个早熟品种的棉花主茎叶全生育期SPAD值呈现倒一叶<倒二叶<倒三叶<倒四叶的规律,2个中熟品种在盛铃期以前主茎4片叶SPAD值也呈现和早熟品种一样的规律,但盛铃期以后SPAD值叶序变化不规则。在吐絮前,棉花主茎倒四叶SPAD值可以作为棉株营养诊断的参考,早熟品种棉花主茎倒一叶或倒二叶吐絮前10天和吐絮后10天左右的SPAD差值大小可以作为棉株衰老程度的参考值,中熟品种棉花主茎倒三叶吐絮前15天和吐絮后15天左右的SPAD差值大小可以作为棉株衰老程度的参考值。本试验条件下,纯氮用量高于270 kg/hm2,吐絮期主茎功能叶SPAD值与不施氮处理差异极显著,高氮处理利于主茎功能叶在吐絮期维持较高的SPAD值;纯P2O5用量在120 kg/hm2即能使吐絮期主茎功能叶维持较高的SPAD值,增加磷肥用量SPAD值反而下降。 相似文献
12.
不同硝态氮含量的硝基复合肥对玉米苗期生长及光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究硝基复合肥中硝态氮所占比例对玉米苗期生长及光合特性的影响,通过温室盆栽试验,以玉米植株性状、叶片光合色素含量及光合特性为评价参数,对硝态氮含量不同的硝基复合肥进行肥效评价。结果表明,随着硝基复合肥中硝态氮所占比例的增加,玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片光合色素含量、光合速率、地上部和地下部干物质量均有不同程度的提高。硝基复合肥中硝态氮的含量为4%时,其玉米植株农艺性状、光合色素含量、光合强度及干物质量均显著高于硝态氮含量为2%的硝基复合肥,且与硝态氮含量为6%的硝基复合肥相比上述指标无显著差异。综合考虑,硝基复合肥中硝态氮的含量为4%即可较好的满足玉米生长发育需要。 相似文献
13.
芒和荻作为草本能源植物的潜力分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用多年生草本植物发展生物质能源产业是可再生能源发展的一个新方向。研究发现,芒和荻是我国本土多年生高大C4草本植物,具有作为能源植物的开发潜力,在欧洲已被广泛应用,在我国仅仅用于水土保持、造纸、饲料等。该文综述了芒和荻的生物学特征、生物质品质特性、生态效益、国内外利用现状,认为该类植物具有生态类型多、野生资源丰富、适应性广,抗逆性强,产量高,净能产出高,生物质品质好,转化利用途径广,生态价值好等特点,是优良的草本能源植物,适合在我国边际土地上种植利用,目前的研究重点应集中于种质资源的搜集、评价和新品种选育及适用于边际土地的栽培管理技术。 相似文献
14.
为了研究木薯不同品种的氢氰酸含量差异,本研究选用硝酸银滴定法,对七个不同品种木薯（‘华南5号’、‘华南7号’、‘华南9号’、‘华南124’、‘华南205’、‘华南8013’、‘ZM8625’）不同部位（叶片、茎秆、去周皮块根和带周皮块根）的氢氰酸的含量进行测定。结果表明,七个品种木薯叶片中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘华南9号’,最低的是‘华南8013’;茎秆中氢氰酸含量最高的是‘ZM8625’,最低的是‘华南9号’;去周皮块根和带周皮块根中氢氰酸含量最高的均是‘华南205’,带周皮块根中最低的是华南7号’,去周皮块根中最低的是‘华南9号’;‘华南205’各部位的氢氰酸含量均较高。七个品种木薯叶片和茎秆氢氰酸含量均大于块根中氢氰酸含量,带周皮块根氢氰酸含量均约为去周皮块根氢氰酸含量的2倍,去周皮块根氢氰酸含量均极显著低于其他部位。结果说明,木薯氢氰酸含量主要大量集中在叶片、茎杆和周皮中;华南8013叶片可开发为优质菜用或饲料资源,华南9号块根可开发为优质食用或饲用资源。 相似文献
15.
Stefania De Pascale Albino Maggio Rita Pernice Vincenzo Fogliano Giancarlo Barbieri 《European Journal of Agronomy》2007,26(4):418-424
Sulphur is essential in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites with high nutritional value that typically accumulate in brassica species. Among these, glucosinolates are the most representative. The level of glucosinolates in these plants is highly dependent on genetic factors as well as environmental determinants, such as the available soil sulphur content. There is an increasing need of defining the metabolic profile of brassica species in response to both cultivation practices and environmental factors since a targeted modification of its constituents may significantly affect the functional properties and the commercial value of these vegetables. Here, we report on the effects of sulphur fertilization on flavonols, phenolic acids and glucosinolates contents of two friariello (Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris L. Janch. var. esculenta Hort.) ecotypes—Lingua di Cane and Sorrentino. Friariello quality in terms of sprouts plus inflorescence nitrate and chlorophyll contents was also assessed. We found a significantly higher flavonols content in the ecotype Sorrentino, whereas its glucosinolates level was relatively smaller compared to Lingua di Cane. Sulphur fertilization significantly improved the antioxidant activity of both ecotypes and was associated with a genotype-dependent significant reduction of leaf nitrate content. 相似文献
16.
Poor reproductive development in yams (Dioscorea spp.) has often been attributed to the polyploid nature of the crop. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine
the ploidy level of 53 accessions of Dioscorea alata, mostly from West African countries, Chad and Puerto Rico. Nuclei were isolated from young leaf material and stained with
DAPI(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). The nuclear genome size (2C) was measured as an indicator of the ploidy level. Dioscorea rotundata genotypes with known ploidy levels were used as standards. The results showed that the majority of plants were hexaploid
(84.9%) with a smaller percentage of tetraploids (15.1%). A higher number of male plants were hexaploid than tetraploids.
This is at variance with earlier findings, which reported that hexaploid male plants are rare. Higher ploidy levels were not
directly related to sparse or erratic flowering as previously reported as profuse flowering occurred in some male hexaploid
accessions. These findings have important implications for yam breeding in relation to yam genetic resources.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
某些内部和外部因子对蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对蔬菜中硝酸盐积累的内部和外部因子作了综合评述.不同蔬菜的种、品种、部位和年龄之间,硝酸盐含量差别很大.一般来讲,叶菜类和根菜类蔬菜积累的硝酸盐高于茄果类蔬菜.就叶菜类的可食部分而言,硝酸盐积累量为根>茎>叶柄>叶片.外部因子,诸如氮肥用量、氮素形态、光照、温度、水分、栽培方法以及收获时期和方法等,都不同程度地影响了蔬菜中硝酸盐的积累.根据影响硝酸盐积累的各种因子,提出了减少硝酸盐积累的几条措施. 相似文献
18.
Nine polycross (PX) and nine different self (S1) progenies were randomly chosen from 43 selected tall fescue genotypes and evaluated for in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin of whole plants, leaf blades and stems (stem plus leaf sheath) at each of four harvest dates in 1991 and 1992. Significant variation for all whole‐plant and leaf quality traits occurred among the PX progenies at the May harvest. Variation among S1 progenies was significant for almost all of the stem traits. Genetic variance components for both progeny groups were significant for almost all of the traits, confirming the presence of additive genetic variation. Heritability estimates on a progeny‐mean basis ranged from medium to high for almost all the traits of the whole‐plant and the leaf and stem fractions. The results suggest that spring would be the time at which direct selection for high IVDOM or low fibre content would be successful and that selection for leaf or stem quality traits improves whole‐plant quality. Selection for quality traits in the summer or in the autumn would be difficult since no significant genetic variability was found. 相似文献
19.
Summary In studies of the inheritance of resistance, pea seedlings of seven lines in which stems and leaves were both resistant to Mycosphaerella pinodes were crossed with a line in which they were both susceptible. With seven of the crosses resistance was dominant to susceptibility. When F2 progenies of five crosses were inoculated on either stems or leaves independently, phenotypes segregated in a ratio of 3 resistant: 1 susceptible indicating that a single dominant gene controlled resistance. F2 progenies of one other cross gave ratios with a better fit to 9 resistant: 7 susceptible indicating that two co-dominant genes controlled resistance. The F2 progeny of another cross segregated in complex ratios indicating multigene resistance.When resistant lines JI 97 and JI 1089 were crossed with a susceptible line and leaves and stems of each F2 plant were inoculated, resistance phenotypes segregated independently demonstrating that leaf and stem resistance were controlled by different genes. In two experiments where the F2 progeny of the cross JI 97×JI 1089 were tested for stem and leaf resistance separately, both characters segregated in a ratio of 15 resistant:1 susceptible indicating that these two resistant lines contain two non-allelic genes for stem resistance (designated Rmp1 and Rmp2) and two for leaf resistance (designated Rmp3 and Rmp4). Evidence that the gene for leaf resistance in JI 1089 is located in linkage group 4 of Pisum sativum is presented. 相似文献
20.
锌胁迫对三种柑橘砧木的生理特性和锌分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究锌胁迫对柑橘砧木生长的影响,本文采用溶液培养的方法,测定了不同锌浓度如0 mg?L-1(锌缺乏)、0.005 mg?L-1(锌低量)、0.05 mg?L-1(锌适量)、0.5mg?L-1(锌过量)条件下枳壳、酸橙与红橘的相关生理指标及不同部位锌含量变化。结果表明：1）锌胁迫显著抑制了枳壳及酸橙的生长,而对红橘生长的影响较小。2）与锌适量处理相比,锌缺乏和锌低量处理时枳壳、酸橙根系POD活性均明显降低,各锌处理间红橘根系CAT活性无显著性差异;锌胁迫下三者叶片与根系脯氨酸含量均显著高于适量锌处理,不同锌处理下枳壳叶片MDA及其根系脯氨酸含量均相对低于酸橙与红橘。3）随着锌处理浓度的升高,三者根、茎、叶的锌含量均趋上升,且根系锌含量显著较高。锌过量处理下三者的叶/根、叶/茎、茎/根比均显著低于其他锌处理。可见,三种柑橘砧木对锌胁迫的反应存在明显的差异。 相似文献