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1.
Heterotic patterns in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): II. Crosses between European winter and Chinese semi-winter lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chinese semi-winter rapeseed is genetically diverse from European winter rapeseed. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate the potential of semi-winter rapeseed for winter rapeseed hybrid breeding, (2) to assess the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) vs. specific combining ability (SCA) among combinations between Chinese semi-winter and European winter rapeseed, and (3) to compare the strategies to predict heterosis based on parental genetic distance (GD) estimated from AFLP marker data and GCA for hybrid performance. Four winter male sterile lines from Germany as testers were crossed with 14 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed lines to develop 56 hybrids, which were evaluated together with their parents and commercial hybrids for seed yield, oil content and protein content under three environments in Germany. The Chinese parental lines were not adapted to local environmental conditions as demonstrated by lacking winter hardiness and poor seed yields per se . However, the hybrids between the Chinese parents and the adapted winter rapeseed lines exhibited high heterosis for seed yield. About 20% of the hybrids were significantly superior to the respective hybrid control under three environments. Additive gene effects mainly contributed to hybrid performance since the variance components of GCA were higher as compared with SCA. The correlation between parental GD and hybrid performance was found to be low whereas the correlation between GCA and hybrid performance was high and significant, with correlation coefficients of 0.95 for seed yield, 0.87 for oil content, and 0.91 for protein content, indicating that GCA can predict hybrid performance. These results demonstrate that Chinese semi-winter rapeseed germplasm has a great potential to increase seed yield in winter rapeseed hybrid breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
2.
Best linear unbiased prediction of triticale hybrid performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Manje Gowda Yusheng Zhao Hans Peter Maurer Elmar A. Weissmann Tobias Würschum Jochen C. Reif 《Euphytica》2013,191(2):223-230
Predicting single-cross performance is of special interest in hybrid breeding of triticale. We used molecular and phenotypic data of factorial triticale crosses and compared several approaches to predict their single-cross performance. Twenty-three inbred lines and their 76 incomplete factorial crosses were field evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading time at five locations in Central Europe. In addition, the parental lines were genotyped with 52 SSR markers. Plant height and heading time were predicted with high accuracy based on mid-parent performance. In contrast, prediction of hybrid performance based on mid-parent value was not accurate for grain yield. Using general combining ability effects led to an enhanced prediction accuracy of hybrid grain yield performance. This accuracy could be slightly improved using best linear unbiased prediction approaches. The prediction accuracy was considerably high even if the number of tested hybrids was small. Consequently, best linear unbiased prediction of hybrid performance is a promising tool for hybrid triticale breeding programs. 相似文献
3.
Jochen C. Reif Yusheng Zhao Tobias Würschum Manje Gowda Volker Hahn 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):107-114
Predicting single‐cross performance is of high importance to improve the efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid breeding programmes. We used experimental data from inter‐ and intragroup sunflower hybrids and their parental lines adapted to Central Europe to (i) study the genetic diversity and combining ability and (ii) examine the accuracy to predict hybrid performance based on phenotypic and genomic data. We evaluated 133 intragroup and 104 intergroup hybrids with their parental lines in replicated trials at four environments for grain yield, oil yield and oil content. Furthermore, the parental lines were fingerprinted with 572 AFLP markers. Variance due to specific combining ability was comparable for intergroup and intragroup crosses. This suggested a lack of clearly defined heterotic groups for the sample of studied sunflower lines. Prediction accuracy of hybrid performance based on general combining ability effects was high and could not be increased using genomic selection approaches. For situations where no information on GCA effects of parental lines was available, hybrid prediction based on genomic selection methods was accurate for groups of related lines. For groups of unrelated lines, however, we observed a strong decrease in the prediction accuracy. This suggests that prediction of hybrid performance for crosses based on genetically distant parents remains challenging. 相似文献
4.
Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and other agronomic traits in winter triticale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hybrid breeding is a widely discussed alternative for triticale. Heterosis as well as general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated for eight agronomic traits. The experiment comprised 24 F1 hybrids, produced by a chemical hybridizing agent, together with their six female and four male parents, grown in drilled plots in two locations. In comparison with the mid‐parent values, hybrids averaged a 6.4 dt/ha (10.1%) higher grain yield, 8.4% more kernels per spike, a 6.8% higher 1000‐kernel weight, 9.7% lower falling number (FN) and 4.4% greater plant height. SCA effects for grain yield were significant and ranged from 4.5 to 6.9 dt/ha for grain yield. Together with GCA x location interactions, they explained most of the variation. For 1000‐kernel weight, GCA effects were predominant. SCA and interactions with location accounted for most of the variation in FN, whereas interactions were negligible for plant height. Correlations between mid‐parent and hybrid performance and between GCA and per se performance of parents were tight for all traits except grain yield, which allows for pre‐selection of parental lines. Although the amount of heterosis in triticale at present is closer to wheat than to rye, by selecting parents for combining ability and identifying heterotic patterns, grain yield heterosis of up to 20% appears sufficiently encouraging to embark on hybrid breeding. 相似文献
5.
Steven Maenhout Bernard De Baets Geert Haesaert Erik Van Bockstaele 《Euphytica》2008,161(1-2):123-131
The phenomenon of heterosis is widely used in hybrid breeding programmes, despite the fact that no satisfactory molecular
explanation is available. Estimators of quantitative genetic components like GCA and SCA values are tools used by the plant
breeder to identify superior parental individuals and to search for high heterosis combinations. Obtaining these estimators
usually requires the creation of new parental combinations and testing their offspring in multi-environment field trials.
In this study we explore the use of ɛ-insensitive Support Vector Machine Regression (ɛ-SVR) for the prediction of GCA and
SCA values from the molecular marker scores of parental inbred lines as an alternative to these field trials. Prediction accuracies
are obtained by means of cross-validation on a grain maize data set from the private breeding company RAGT R2n. Results indicate
that the proposed method allows the routine screening of new inbred lines despite the fact that predicting the SCA value of
an untested hybrid remains problematic with the available molecular marker information and standard kernel functions. The
genotypical performance of a testcross hybrid, originating from a cross between an untested inbred line and a well-known complementary
tester, can be predicted with moderate to high accuracy while this cannot be said for a cross between two untested inbred
lines. 相似文献
6.
S. Dreisigacker A. E. Melchinger P. Zhang K. Ammar C. Flachenecker D. Hoisington M. L. Warburton 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):51-59
Development of hybrids is considered to be a promising avenue to enhance the yield potential of crops. We investigated (i)
the amount of heterosis observed in hybrid progeny, (ii) relative importance of general (GCA) versus specific (SCA) combining
ability, and (iii) the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance measures in four agronomic traits of spring bread
wheat. Eight male and 14 female lines, as well as 112 hybrids produced in a factorial design were grown in replicated trials
at two environments in Mexico. Principal coordinate analysis based on Rogers' distance (RD) estimates calculated from 113
SSRs revealed three different groups of parents. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for grain yield averaged 0.02 t ha−1 (0.5%) and varied from −15.33% to 14.13%. MPH and hybrid performance (F1P) were higher for intra-group hybrids than for inter-group
hybrids, with low values observed in inter-group crosses involving two non-adapted Chinese parents. Combined analyses of variance
revealed significant differences among parents and among hybrids. Estimates of GCA variances were more important than SCA
variances for all traits. Tight correlations of GCA with line per se performance, and mid-parent value with F1P were observed for all traits. In contrast, correlations of MPH with RD and coefficient
of parentage were not significant. It was concluded that the level of heterosis in spring wheat was too low to warrant a commercial
exploitation in hybrids. SSRs proved to be a powerful tool for the identification of divergent groups in advanced wheat breeding
materials. 相似文献
7.
8.
Genetic analysis of yield and morphological traits has been carried out in Coffea arabica from a half-diallel including the
parental lines. The trial was established in west Cameroon with completely randomized single-tree plots. Observations included
yield (four years), stem diameter, height and number of primaries. General combining abilities (GCA) and specific combining
abilities (SCA) as heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated. A significant SCA variance was observed for all
the traits. Morphological traits, stem diameter, plant height and number of primaries, were genetically correlated to the
yield. The hybrids were, on average, better performing than lines. There was no clear relationship between performance of
lines and their general combining ability. Contribution of the seven lines to the SCA sum of squares was shown to be unequal
for all the studied traits, one parent (Java) being far the most interactive. This variation of interactivity seemed to be
related to different levels of residual heterozygosity among parental lines. Indirect prediction of yield using morphological
traits gave the same value for expected genetic gain as the prediction based on cumulated yield over four years. The multitrait
indirect selection for yield operated in a different way as far as GCA and SCA are concerned. The application of these results
to coffee breeding strategies involving hybrid selection is discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
糯高粱主要农艺性状配合力与杂种优势的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以7个不育系和5个恢复系为亲本,采用不完全双列杂交试验设计（NC II）配制35个杂交糯高粱组合,分析了10个主要农艺性状的配合力、杂种优势及其相关关系。结果表明：10个农艺性状的表达以加性基因效应为主,且多数性状同时受加性和非加性基因效应的共同影响。供试组合在多数性状上表现出较强的杂种优势。一般配合力（GCA）和总配合力（TCA）与竞争优势呈极显著相关,且其相关系数较大,说明本研究中可利用一般配合力或总配合力效应预测竞争优势;多数性状的一般配合力效应、特殊配合力效应（SCA）和总配合力效应与中亲优势呈显著或极显著相关,且特殊配合力效应与中亲优势的相关性多高于一般配合力或总配合力效应,但特殊配合力效应与中亲优势的相关系数较小不足以预测中亲优势,说明配合力与中亲优势的关系还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
10.
Isaac Kamweru Yoseph Beyene Bruce Anani Victor O. Adetimirin Boddupalli M. Prasanna Manje Gowda 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(5):607-620
Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) emerged as a major lepidopteran pest destroying maize in sub-Saharan Africa. A diallel mating design was used to generate 210 experimental hybrids from 21 lines. Experimental hybrids and four checks were evaluated in two locations. Commercial checks suffered higher foliar and ear damage compared to the top 15 hybrids. Mean squares associated with the genotypic variation were higher than genotype-by-environment interactions for foliar and ear damage traits. Heritabilities were moderate to high. Significant correlations were observed between grain yield (GY) with ear rot (−0.54) and ear damage (−0.45). Positive and significant GCA effects were observed for GY in seven parental lines, which were developed from multiple insect resistance breeding programmes. CKSBL10153 has the highest GCA value for GY and shows significant GCA effects for foliar and ear damage traits. These lines were identified as the ideal combiners for GY and FAW resistance and are therefore recommended for utilization as testers in the development of FAW-resistant three-way cross-hybrid maize with correlated response for increased GY. GCA and marker-based prediction correlations of GY were 0.79 and 0.96, respectively. Both GCA effects and marker-based models were effective in predicting hybrid performance for FAW resistance. 相似文献
11.
Tobias Würschum Hans Peter Maurer Sigrid Weissmann Volker Hahn Willmar L. Leiser 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):230-236
Genomic prediction has emerged as a powerful genomic tool to assist breeding of complex traits. In this study, we employed a population of 647 triticale doubled haploid lines derived from four families to assess the potential of this approach for triticale breeding. All lines were phenotyped for grain yield, thousand‐kernel weight, biomass yield, plant height, frost tolerance and Fusarium head blight resistance. The obtained prediction accuracies were moderate to high and consisted to varying degrees of within‐ and among‐family variance, in line with the different degrees of phenotypic differences between family means. The prediction accuracy within individual families also varied with the genetic complexity of the traits and was generally highest based on effect estimation with lines from the respective family, whereas the prediction accuracy decreased with decreasing relatedness among the families. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of genomic prediction to increase selection gain in triticale breeding, but the composition of the training set is of utmost importance, and consequently, the implementation of this approach in applied breeding programmes is not straightforward. 相似文献
12.
Prospects for hybrid breeding in winter triticale: II. Relationship between parental genetic distance and specific combining ability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Significant relative midparent heterosis (MPH%) for grain yield in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) has generated interest in the development of hybrid cultivars. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the association between parental genetic distance (GD) and specific combining ability (SCA), (ii) investigate the existence of genetically distant heterotic groups in elite germplasm, and (iii) draw conclusions for future hybrid breeding in winter triticale. Genetic distance between 61 lines was estimated, based on 93 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci and 10 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) primer‐enzyme combinations (PEC). Agronomic data of 206 F1 crosses and their 61 parental lines grown in six German environments were published recently in a companion study. Correlations were made between SCA for grain yield, number of spikes/m2, 1000‐kernel weight and number of kernels per spike with GD estimates of the 56 female and five male parents (testers). Principal co‐ordinate analyses (PCoA) based on SSR data revealed no distinct subgroups in the germplasm. Correlations between GD and SCA were low for all traits (|r| ≤ 0.31), which hampers the prediction of SCA from molecular data. A multi‐stage procedure is recommended for future hybrid breeding in triticale by applying a pragmatic approach for the grouping of germplasm following the early history of hybrid breeding of maize. 相似文献
13.
选用4份分枝型恢复系和6份雄性不育系材料作亲本,按照不完全双列杂交（NCII）设计配制24份向日葵杂交组合,对组合的小区产量、单株产量、单盘实粒数、百粒重、籽仁率、籽粒长度和籽粒宽度7个性状的亲本配合力、遗传参数及竞争优势进行分析。结果表明,24份组合的7个性状存在真实性的遗传差异。在亲本不育系一般配合力（GCA）选择的基础上,应注意组合特殊配合力（SCA）的选择,GCA效应值高的亲本育种潜力较大,组配出优势组合的概率大;籽粒长度和籽粒宽度的狭义遗传力较低,分别为7.91%和14.89%,不宜进行早代选择;GCA较高的不育系为亲本A和亲本D,其中亲本A在各性状上均为正向GCA效应值,且在供试不育系中,其GCA效应值最大,其次为亲本D;组合1×A小区产量的SCA效应值及竞争优势最高,为本试验中的最优组合,其他籽粒性状与对照相比也均有提升。 相似文献
14.
Zhenchang Liang Min Sang Aihong Ma Shengjian Zhao Gan-yuan Zhong Shaohua Li 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):251-259
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a major warm-season cereal, grown primarily for grain production in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions
of Asia and Africa. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies have been reported to be a food-related primary health problem affecting
nearly two billion people worldwide. Improving Fe and Zn densities of staple crops by breeding offers a cost-effective and
sustainable solution to reducing micronutrient malnutrition in resource poor communities. An understanding of the genetics
of these micronutrients can help to accelerate the breeding process, but little is known about the genetics and heterosis
pattern of Fe and Zn densities in pearl millet. In the present study, ten inbred lines and their full diallel crosses were
used to study the nature of gene action and heterosis for these micronutrients. The general combining ability (GCA) effects
of parents and specific combining ability (SCA) effects of hybrids showed significant differences for both of the micronutrients.
However, the predictability ratio (2σ2gca/(2σ2gca + σ2sca)) was around unity both for Fe and Zn densities, implying preponderance of additive gene action. Further, highly significant
positive correlation between mid-parent values and hybrid performance, and no correlation between mid-parent values and mid-parent
heterosis confirmed again the predominant role of additive gene action for these micronutrients. Barring a few exceptions
with one parent, hybrids did not outperform the parents having high Fe and Zn levels. This showed that there would be little
opportunity, if any, to exploit heterosis for these mineral micronutrients in pearl millet. In general, high Fe and Zn levels
in both of the parental lines would be required to increase the probability of breeding high Fe and Zn hybrids. 相似文献
15.
Combining ability is one of the most important information breeders use to identify superior inbred lines on the basis of their performance in hybrid combinations. The objectives of our study were (i) to quantify the importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances for seed yield, oil content and oil yield; and (ii) estimate GCA and SCA effects of seed yield, oil content and oil yield of inbred lines developed from advanced cycle pedigree breeding populations in sunflower. A total of 109 female S3 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from four bi-parental populations in advanced cycle pedigree breeding were crossed with two testers to form 218 testcross hybrids (TCHs). The TCHs were then evaluated in three environments. Variance component analysis results showed predominance of σ2gca over σ2sca for seed yield and oil yield indicating that superior TCHs can be identified based on positive and significant GCA effects of the female lines. For oil content σ2sca was predominant over σ2gca indicating that selecting for TCHs with high oil content would be best among line × tester combinations and not among female S3CMS lines per se. The proportion of GCA and SCA effects in the best five TCHs in each breeding population also confirmed the predominance of GCA effects over SCA effects for seed yield and oil yield while for oil content both GCA and SCA effects appear to be important, with SCA effects having more influence than GCA. The best selection strategy would therefore be to capture the GCA in the early stages of inbreeding and then SCA for the few unique combinations when lines are almost fixed. 相似文献
16.
Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: I. Hybrid performance,trait correlations and heterosis 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dominik Losert Hans Peter Maurer Sigrid Weissmann Tobias Wü rschum 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):560-566
Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) holds great potential as a source for biomass production for industrial applications in Central Europe and hybrid breeding in particular appears promising owing to the higher vigour of hybrids compared to lines. In this study, a set of 178 winter triticale genotypes, including 91 hybrids, their 10 male and 23 female parental lines, as well as 54 varieties were evaluated for biomass yield and other agronomically relevant traits in 2 years at five locations in Germany. We observed a large variation of dry biomass yield as well as significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for all traits. For the hybrids, a moderate correlation was observed between biomass and plant height and between biomass and grain yield. Mid‐parent heterosis of biomass yield ranged from ?13.6 to 16.5% with an average of 4.8%, and the maximum commercial heterosis was 9.1%. Taken together, our results illustrate the potential of hybrid breeding of triticale for biomass yield to diversify our portfolio of crops for biomass production. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the genetic distances (GD) and phenotypic distances (PD)
of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis effects. The experiment comprised 18 parental genotypes
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 76 F2 hybrids, obtained after crossing in a line × tester scheme. Parents and hybrids were examined in a field experiment conducted
in a block design with three replications. SCA as well as mid-parent heterosis effects were estimated for selected morphological
and technological traits. PDs and GDs were investigated between pairs of parental genotypes. GD between parental genotypes
was evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Heterosis was observed in all hybrids, and protein content
exhibited the highest heterosis among the seven examined traits. The relationship between PD and GD as well as the SCA and
mid-parent heterosis effects were evaluated using correlation coefficient. The correlation between PD, SCA and heterosis were
low and not significant for the examined traits, whereas the correlation between SCA, heterosis and GDs were significant for
protein content and rheological properties. The results indicate that GDs between parents can be used to predict performance
of hybrids for selected technological traits. 相似文献
18.
Hamidreza Nooryazdan Hervé Serieys Jacques David Roberto Bacilieri André J. Bervillé 《Euphytica》2011,178(2):159-175
The genetic base of sunflower elite lines is very narrow, due to many years of selection and breeding. To broaden the genetic
diversity of the cultivated sunflower, in 1995 73 wild sunflower populations were crossed with 3 cultivated lines (Testers),
and 219 hybrid offspring’s were evaluated in the field. GCA and SCA effects were computed suggesting for all traits a genetic
potential for improvement through selection. Study of the hybrids revealed that the wild accessions bear different genetic
abilities to combine with the testers for traits of morphological architecture, phenology and yield (seed weight and seed
oil). The variance due to GCA and SCA showed that gene action was additive for days to flowering, branching and plant height.
Genotypes derived from the same geographic origin may have either good or poor general combing ability. The correlation between
GCA and per se genotype performance was positive for all traits except for seed oil content. This was the first attempt to evaluate wild-cultivated
hybrids in sunflower on a large scale and will be the starting point for the management of hybrid Helianthus annuus populations for breeding. GCA and SCA estimations will facilitate the definition of strategies to manage and exploit the
natural diversity for this crop. 相似文献
19.
Genomic prediction of the general combining ability of maize lines (Zea mays L.) and the performance of their single crosses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Marcelina Vélez‐Torres José Jesús García‐Zavala Martha Hernández‐Rodríguez Ricardo Lobato‐Ortiz José Jesús López‐Reynoso Ignacio Benítez‐Riquelme José Apolinar Mejía‐Contreras Gilberto Esquivel‐Esquivel Paulino Pérez‐Rodríguez Xuecai Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):379-387
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of genomic selection (GS) on predicting the general combining ability (GCA) of maize lines and the performance of their single crosses. Eight maize lines developed from the different self‐pollination generations of Chalqueño race, along with their 24 single crosses, were evaluated in the field during the years of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Genomic prediction results using genotyping‐by‐sequencing‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the GCA classification of the parental lines estimated from the SNP information was consistent with the phenotypic classification of the lines evaluated from the field trial data. The prediction accuracy values estimated from the cross‐validation method ranged from 0.49 to 0.61 in the different prediction models. Yield performance of the unevaluated single crosses was predicted based on their SNP information. The total genetic variance of the yield of the single crosses was most explained by the GCA effects. Compared with phenotyping method, GS is a more effective and efficient approach to predict the GCA of maize lines and their hybrid performance. 相似文献
20.
M. Herrmann 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(1):19-23
In triticale, preharvest sprouting tolerance is important for yield stability and quality of the grain. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to estimate quantitative genetic parameters of preharvest sprouting tolerance in triticale using a diallel of eight modern triticale cultivars and breeding lines. The 28 F1‐hybrids and the parents were planted in the breeding nurseries in 2001 and 2002 at four locations. Heading, plant height, falling numbers of two harvest dates, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and preharvest sprouting (Spr) were measured. The heritabilities for plant height and TKW were the highest with 0.91 and 0.85, respectively. Falling number and sprouting showed heritabilities between 0.66 and 0.83. Mid‐parent heterosis (MPHET) was negative for heading, indicating a non‐significant earlier heading of the F1‐hybrids. In plant height and TKW the heterosis was positive with 4.7% and 6.3% MPHET. Both falling numbers displayed a negative MPHET of nearly −15%. In contrast to falling numbers, the preharvest sprouting of hybrids was slightly reduced in comparison with the parents. In all traits analysed, general combining ability (GCA)‐variances were greater than specific combining ability (SCA)‐variances. 相似文献