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1.
柳树种间杂种叶变异大，对垂柳×紫柳，旱柳×紫柳、朝鲜×（旱柳×紫柳）、卷边柳×紫柳、垂柳×绵花、旱柳×（旱柳×紫柳）、簸箕柳×川滇柳的Ｆ１２年实生苗叶面大小，叶形、叶柄长、托叶、叶缘、叶基等遗传与变异进行了研究，结果表明，叶长、叶宽、叶长／叶宽比，多数杂种表现近似于亲本平均值，杂种间变异大于杂种内变异，叶缘，叶基及叶尖形状分别相似于母本或父本。 相似文献
2.
垂柳×爆竹柳的变异及无性系选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柳树种间杂交,特别是地理间相距较远的种间杂交,是创造柳树新品种的重要途径.选育速生乔木柳无性系应十分重视垂柳、旱柳、白柳及爆竹柳的种间杂交,在阿根廷从白柳×垂柳,垂柳×白柳及垂柳×杭包特氏柳杂种中,选育出许多栽培品种.在新西兰从旱柳×白柳中选出了一些速生无性系.在苏联从白柳×爆竹柳中选育具有明显杂种优势的品种.我们曾从垂柳×旱柳,(垂柳×白柳)×旱柳中选育优良的无性系——J4/75、J1/75、J333、J172.垂柳×爆竹柳是十分有价值的杂种,国外栽培的S.xblanda Anders便是垂柳×爆竹柳的杂种.我们在柳树育种中,曾多次进 相似文献
3.
从垂柳×白柳（S.babylonica×S.alba）;垂柳×爆竹柳（S.babykibuca×S.fragilis）;垂柳×旱柳（S.babylonica×S.matsudara）;旱柳×白柳（S. matsudara×S.alba）;旱柳×爆竹柳（S.matsudara×S.fragilis）、旱柳（东善）×旱柳（哈尔滨）等杂种一代,以及垂柳自然授粉实生苗中选出45个单株,分别扦插获得无性系。利用其插条进行无性系苗期测定,测定是以亲本和外引优良杂种无性系为对照,根据对苗高、底径、分枝特性等性状的测定分析,被测定的无性系其杂种优势非常明显,绝大多数属超亲优势。按生长优势和优良的分枝性状,评选出ba1、bf36、mf4、ma2、ma4、bm1、bm4、b1、b4、及m2等十个优良无性系。 相似文献
4.
<正> 杨树与柳树属间杂交、杨树与榆树科间杂交均属远缘杂交,由于亲本间的遗传和生理机制差异,造成生殖隔离,产生杂交不育现象。但这种不育的程度是不相同的,通常是杂合子不能形成健全的种子,半途天亡。表现在种子未成熟前整个果穗脱落,很难获得杂种苗木。国内曾有过青、黑杨派与柳属杂交获得苗木的先例,但对难成功的白杨派与柳属杂交,杨榆杂交迄今未见报道。为了改良杨树的生长与适应性,我们于1978—1979年先后开展了银白杨×旱柳、银白杨×白榆、旱柳×钻天杨、旱柳×美洲黑杨的杨与柳、榆的远缘杂交试 相似文献
5.
桉树杂交育种成功 杂种优势显著 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自1977年以来,我所开展了柳桉(Eucalyptus saligna)×隆缘桉(E.exserta)、隆缘桉×柳按、柳桉×大叶桉(E.robusta)、隆缘桉×巨桉(E.grandis)、隆缘桉×大叶桉五个人工杂交组合的育种试验。各年度获得的杂交种子,分别于翌年春天用容器育苗和父母本以及在对照种的种子造林。试验林采用随机排列,四次重复。从测定的数据表明:除 相似文献
6.
本文通过测定不同低温胁迫下材料的相对电导率,估算出旱柳、竹柳3号及竹柳5号的半致死温度分别为-29.34℃、-32.61℃及-35.95℃。结合自然越冬情况调查数据,结果表明:竹柳5号抗寒性大于竹柳3号和旱柳,可以引种到牡丹江局部区域。试验结论对本地区竹柳的引种驯化及栽培措施的制定具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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9.
柳树杂种木材基本密度的遗传变异 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
利用柳属和钻天柳属种间、属间杂交１５个杂种３９个杂交组合１５１个无性系材料，对木材基本密度的遗传变异情况进行了研究。结果表明，杂种间和无性系间，在木材基本密度上存在极显著（α＝０．０１）差异，其中属间杂种（旱柳×钻天柳）×旱柳平均木材基本密度达到０．４８８，显著（α＝０．０５）超过各杂种平均值；柳树杂种及无性系木材基本密度是受强遗传控制的，被研究群体的广义遗传力达到０．９２￣０．９８，遗传变异系数 相似文献
10.
为了更快更好地发挥杠柳植被的优势,采取人工繁育的方式培育优质苗木。根据杠柳的生态学特性和生长特性,采用不同处理措施进行了杠柳硬枝扦插育苗试验。结果表明,用3种不同浓度的植物生长调节剂ABT生根粉,浓度为100×10-6的ABT处理最适合杠柳的扦插繁殖,浓度为50×10-6的ABT处理效果次之,浓度为150×10-6的ABT处理效果最差。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献