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1.
雷州半岛高桥红树林内带林窗特征分析——以湛江市廉江高桥红树林保护小区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对红树林林窗特征研究,是研究退化红树林生态系统恢复与重建、对次生红树林进行改造、科学管理红树林生态系统的基础。对雷州半岛廉江高桥红树林保护小区内带林窗特征进行了调查,分析林窗大小结构、形成方式、形成木特征等。调查发现:高桥红树林内带林窗主要以小面积林窗为主,分布在实际面积1～10 m2之间和扩展面积1～50 m2之间;林窗主要形成方式是枯死,其次是侧枝损坏;林窗形成木数量范围在1～6株之间,平均每个林窗有2.3株形成木;形成木种类是红海榄、桐花树、木榄、秋茄,各占总比例的5.4%,8.9%,60.7%,25.0%;形成木腐烂等级较高。 相似文献
2.
林窗干扰是维持森林生态系统的重要驱动力之一,对种子萌发、幼苗等自然更新过程、森林物种组成和动态、森林生物多样性的维持具有重要作用。本研究以2008年雪灾干扰后的浙江江郎山木荷林为研究对象,对木荷林窗大小结构、幼苗更新、生长等进行调查研究,结果表明:扩展林窗以50 100 m2的林窗个数最多(占总数的45.45%),各等级林窗中以50 100 m2的林窗占总面积比例最大(占总面积的30.31%)。林窗中木荷幼苗的平均高度和地径较对照林分分别高1.44 cm和0.61 mm,幼树在林窗中的平均高度和地径则比对照林分中分别高45.37 cm和5.00 mm且差异显著;林窗大小对木荷幼苗、幼树的高度和地径生长影响显著,中林窗中幼苗的高度和地径均高于小林窗和大林窗中的幼苗且差异均显著(F=4.893,P=0.007;F=5.203,P=0.004;n=357);幼树的地径在不同大小林窗中差异显著(F=3.569,P=0.037;n=43)。林窗幼苗的更新密度随着林窗面积的增大而增大,在林窗面积达到76 m2时,更新密度达到最大值,而后随着林窗面积的增大下降;中林窗和小林窗中更新苗木以低矮植株(1级、2级)为主,面积100 m2大林窗中,木荷幼苗生长较快。与他人研究的森林天然林窗相比,雪灾干扰后改变了林窗的大小分布结构和面积,50 100 m2的林窗比例较大,一定程度上更利于幼苗更新,具有相对较大的林窗幼苗更新密度;不论林窗大小,林窗内的更新幼苗都比林内多,郁闭度较大的林内或大面积的空地上都不利于更新幼苗的生长。因此,从受灾木荷林窗大小结构、幼苗更新、生长等来看,中林窗是幼苗适宜更新的面积,为木荷灾后恢复与重建提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
华西箭竹对岷江冷杉林主要乔木树种幼苗结构及分布格局的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
在亚高山岷江冷杉林中选取≤50 m2、50～150 m2和＞150 m2的林窗,每种类型内都包含3种华西箭竹盖度(≤20%、20%～50%和＞50%),共调查林窗9个.通过野外群落学调查,研究林窗内岷江冷杉、糙皮桦和川滇长尾槭这3种主要乔木树种幼苗的结构和分布格局.结果表明:1)在华西箭竹盖度大的林窗中,3个树种的各高度级幼苗都不多,林窗形成后,绝大多数林窗被华西箭竹植株定居,竹盖度对主要树种幼苗总密度以及岷江冷杉幼苗密度的影响显著(p＜0.05);2)华西箭竹盖度对岷江冷杉幼苗密度的影响最明显,主要是由于3个树种的生态学特性存在差异,岷江冷杉在没有华西箭竹分布或箭竹盖度小的地方优先更新;3)3种幼苗在9个林窗几乎全为聚集分布,这主要取决于幼苗生物学特性及林窗环境.林窗大小和华西箭竹盖度的综合作用对优势树种幼苗的结构和分布格局产生影响. 相似文献
4.
林窗与凋落物对人工云杉林早期更新的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为阐明林窗和凋落物对云杉人工林更新的作用,在川西米亚罗人工云杉林制造林窗(40m2)。通过对林窗环境因子进行动态监测,并跟踪调查天然下种、人工播种和去凋落物播种3种方式的云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活情况,以及进行云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发及根、茎生长影响的室内观察,对林窗与凋落物对云杉种子萌发和幼苗存活的影响进行研究。结果表明:林窗环境具有异质性;林窗位置以及播种方式对种子萌发和幼苗存活都有影响,天然下种(2.75株·m-2)和去凋落物播种(21.25株·m-2)均在林窗中心幼苗萌发数量最多,人工播种(10.75株·m-2)在林窗边缘种子萌发数量多;靠近林窗中心位置幼苗死亡率略低;3种播种方式以天然下种种子萌发数量最少,去凋落物播种最多。云杉凋落物水浸液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长均有显著抑制作用,对根和茎生长的抑制率分别是68.62%和66.39%。初步认为,林窗有利于森林更新;可采取人工播种措施促进更新;凋落物对云杉人工林更新产生不利影响。 相似文献
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川西南山地云南松林窗更新特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
词查四川省攀枝花市原始云南松林中的65个林窗,研究林窗的面积、年龄和开阔度对云南松更新的影响.结果表明:林窗干扰有利于云南松天然更新;小林窗中云南松幼苗更新密度最大,大林窗中云南松幼树及成树的密度较大;幼苗和幼树在幼年林窗中密度较大,而成树在老年林窗中密度最大;云南松幼苗密度随开阔度的提高而降低,幼树和成树的密度则增加;开阔度越大云南松个体也越大,但在开阔度低于0.6的林窗中,云南松更新困难;林窗和非林窗下云南松的重要值均排第1位,表明未来该研究区仍以云南松为优势种. 相似文献
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林窗形成导致环境资源再分配,进而影响物种入侵、种子萌发、幼苗更新和幼树存活;林窗改变了森林空间结构和植物群落组成,增加了群落异质性,这为保持森林群落相对稳定奠定了基础,也为多种生物共存发展提供了适宜的条件。目前,关于林窗对植被更新、植物多样性影响研究较多,但至今没有一个公认的客观量化林窗定义的方法,导致研究者采用的林窗识别标准不同,无法对现有林窗研究进行有效比较,且林窗特征测定方法也尚未完善。文中对林窗的概念形成、定义发展及林窗特征（形状、大小、形成、年龄及边缘木）测定方法进行梳理,探讨目前林窗研究存在的问题,以期为未来林窗干扰相关研究提供历史脉络与研究方向。 相似文献
7.
应用传统踏查法对湛江高桥红树林高潮带林窗形成木展开种类、数量、地径、树高及形成方式等调查,分析其林窗特征结构。结果表明:高桥红树林林窗主要以小面积为主,实际面积分布在1~10m2,扩展面积分布在1~40m2,且实际林窗远小于扩展林窗,前者的平均面积仅约为后者的26.60%;林窗形成木数量范围在1~6株之间,林窗形成木的数量与林窗数量成反比例关系;林窗形成木的种类以优势种木榄为主,约占林窗形成木的60.71%;林窗形成木的地径以5~10cm和10~20cm为主,分别占总数的21.43%和62.50%;林窗的高度变化在2~4m。 相似文献
8.
文章对辽宁建平3种不同林型油松林的天然更新情况进行调查研究,结果表明：林型、林窗及地被物厚度均对油松林的天然更新有一定影响。从油松幼苗数量来看,禾草油松林〉山杏油松林〉裸岩油松林,林冠下〉林窗边缘〉林窗内。同时研究还发现,随着地被物厚度的增加,油松幼苗数量逐渐减少。 相似文献
9.
格氏栲（Castanopsis kawakamii）树种的幼苗为适应生长环境的变化,在长期演化过程中在生物量和养分分配等方面渐渐地形成了一些适应生存环境竞争的特征。为了使格氏栲天然林保持群落物种的多样性和促进格氏栲天然林种群的更新与繁殖,对格氏栲林窗内外土壤理化性质进行了试验研究,结果表明：在表层土壤中,林窗的土壤容重高于林内;在下层土壤中,林窗的容重低于林内。在同土壤层次,林窗与林内相比,土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度的数值林窗都要高,而土壤非毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度同毛管孔隙度比值、土壤通气度则低。说明在土壤保水性方面,林窗要好于林内;在通气性与透水性方面,林内要好于林窗。 相似文献
10.
长白山杨桦次生林采伐林隙幼苗更新动态 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
采用样线调查法,从林隙大小和林隙年龄2个方面研究长白山杨桦次生林经营采伐形成的林隙及其更新特征.结果表明;＜50 m2的林隙占7%,50～100 m2的占21%,100～150 m2的占36%,150～200 m2的占29%,＞200 m2的占7%;林隙一般由7～10株山杨、白桦或山槐被伐后形成;林隙内更新幼苗的种类组成较简单,但分布极不均匀;林隙内更新幼苗的种数、个体密度、叶面积指数、平均高生长和径生长均优于非林隙林分;色木槭、花楸、山槐等适合于在林隙内更新,而水曲柳、山荆等更适合于在郁闭林下更新;随着采伐林隙形成时间的延长,林隙内的凋落物和土壤养分含量不断提高,更新幼苗的种数、个体密度显著增加,生长状况也明显提高,相比于非林隙更新,林隙更新的优势更加突出;由于林隙内的光照、土壤养分和凋落物存在较大的空间异质性,不同位置的更新状况差异也较大,3龄林隙的西缘最好,中心及北部最差,9龄林隙内规律不明显;＜50 m2林隙内的更新状况与非林隙林分相近,＞200 m2林隙内的更新最差,100～150 m2林隙内更新状况最优,不但幼苗个体密度大,而且叶面积指数、平均高生长和径生长也最好,这主要是由不同大小林隙内和非林隙林分光合有效辐射的强度差异较大造成的.100～150 m2是长白山杨桦次生林林隙更新的最适面积. 相似文献
11.
林隙影响天然林更新研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
林隙干扰是森林循环中经常发生的小规模干扰,林隙的存在为天然林幼苗更新提供了有利的微环境。文中综述了林隙大小、林隙年龄和林隙边缘木在天然林更新过程中所起的作用,以及林隙更新理论在林业生产中实际应用情况,指出林隙更新理论在森林经营上的应用是未来林隙研究中的重要方面。 相似文献
12.
A review of the roles of forest canopy gaps 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Treefall gap, canopy opening caused by the death of one or more trees, is the dominant form of disturbance in many forest systems worldwide. Gaps play an important role in forest ecology helping to pre- serve bio- and pedo-diversity, influencing nutrient cycles, and maintain- ing the complex structure of the late-successional forests. Over the last 30 years, numerous reviews have been written describing gap dynamics. Here we synthesize current understanding on gap dynamics relating to tree regeneration with particular emphasis on gap characteristics consid- ered critical to develop ecologically sustainable forest management sys- tems and to conserve native biodiversity. Specifically, we addressed the question： how do gaps influence forest structure？ From the literature re- viewed, the size of gaps induces important changes in factors such as light intensity, soil humidity and soil biological properties that influence tree species regeneration and differ in gaps of different sizes. Shade- tolerant species can colonize small gaps; shade-intolerant species need large gaps for successful regeneration. Additionally, gap dynamics differ between temperate, boreal, and tropical forests, showing the importance of climate differences in driving forest regeneration. This review summa- rizes information of use to forest managers who design cutting regimes that mimic natural disturbances and who must consider forest structure, forest climate, and the role of natural disturbance in their designs. 相似文献
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Effects of gaps on regeneration of woody plants: a meta-analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Forest gaps, openings in the canopy caused by death of one or more trees, have a profound effect on forest regeneration and drive the forest growth cycle. It is therefore necessary to understand the effects of forest gaps on regeneration for modern forest management. In order to provide a quantitative assessment of the effects of forest gaps on regen-eration of woody plants, we conducted this review of gap effects on woody plant regeneration on the basis of 527 observations from 42 indi-vidual papers, and reported the results of these data in a meta-analysis. Overall, densities of regenerated woody plants were significantly greater （359%） in forest gaps than on the closed-canopy forest floor. The regen-eration density in gaps of plantation forests was significantly greater （P＆lt;0.05） than that of natural forest because the regeneration in gaps of plan-tation forests was improved by both gap effects and experimental meas-ures. Similarly, in comparison to natural gaps, regeneration was better enhanced in artificial gaps. Regeneration density exhibited a significantly positive correlation with gap size, but a negative correlation with gap age because the gap size decreased with increasing gap age. Shade tolerance of woody plants affected regeneration density in gaps and understory. Average regeneration density of shade-tolerant species exhibited a sig-nificantly positive response to gaps but densities remained lower in total than those of intermediate and shade-intolerant species. Gap effects on regeneration decreased in response to increasing temperature and pre-cipitation because of the limiting effects of lower temperature and moisture on woody plant regeneration. In summary, forest gaps enhance woody plant regeneration, and the effects of gaps varied by forest type, gap characteristics, environmental factors and plant traits. The results of this meta-analysis are useful for better understanding the effects and roles of gaps on forest regeneration and forest management. 相似文献
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The population dynamics of the ground vegetation and its energetics such as biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, and the nutrient cycling patterns in the humid tropical forest of the Western Ghats in India are largely determined by gap age and by whether gaps are formed naturally or through selection felling. Responses of plant categories such as herbs, shrubs, tree seedlings and saplings also vary depending upon gap type and age. An exotic species such as Chromolaena odorata occurred only in selection-felled gaps ((9 ± 3)−(49 ± 4) individuals (100 m)−2). Nilgirianthus ciliatus, a dominant shrub, plays a key role in the gaps in determining population dynamics of others. The net primary productivity of the ground vegetation, which is about 31.17 ± 4.26 kg (100 m)−2 year−1 in an undisturbed site, increased a year after gap formation to 102.82 ± 6.46 kg (100 m)−2 year−1 in natural gaps and to 71.82 ± 2.36 kg (100 m)−2 year−1 in selection-felled gaps. Five years after gap formation, net primary productivity of the ground vegetation declined considerably, this being related to decline in fast-growing shrub and secondary tree species in the vegetation and gap closure. A similar trend was also recorded for the rates of nutrient uptake and nutrient accumulation in the vegetation.
In natural gaps the soil nutrient level increased gradually with gap age. This could be attributed to slow release of nutrients from the fallen trunks and nutrient storage in the rapidly recovering vegetation. In contrast, in selection-felled gaps, the quantities of soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium were higher in 1-year-old gaps than in undisturbed sites, owing to the release of these nutrients from leaf litter and wood debris which were deposited in larger quantities within the gap itself, and owing to sparse ground vegetation resulting from the greater disturbance of the soil, in the first 1 or 2 years. The fractional annual turnover rates of elements of the ground vegetation and the soil were higher in 1-year-old gaps and declined with gap age. The significance of these results for forest management is discussed. 相似文献
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对长白山阔叶红松林林隙与林下物种组成、物种多样性和土壤理化性质进行了对比研究.结果表明:林隙与林下物种组成及物种多样性不同.林隙中幼苗层树种多样性增大而群落优势度减小,幼树层树种多样性减小而群落优势度增大.由于资源和空间利用的有效性发生改变,导致林隙中的土壤和凋落物的理化性质也出现差异.林下地表凋落物厚度、现存量及凋落物含水量均显著高于林隙(p<0.01),林隙中凋落物全N、全K含量分别比林下高10.47%和20.73%,而林下全P和有机C含量分别比林隙高15.23%和12.66%.林隙中0～10 cm和10～20 cm土壤含水量分别比林下高17.65%和16.17%.林下0～10 cm土壤密度略高于林隙,而10～20 cm土壤密度基本无差异.林隙与林下土壤pH值分别为5.80和5.85,二者差异不大.林隙土壤有机质、全N、全K含量分别比林下高12.85%、7.67%和2.38%,而林下铵态N、有效P、速效K、全P含量分别比林隙高13.33%、20.04% 、16.52%和4.30%. 相似文献
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Jie He Wanqin Yang Liya Xu Xiangyin Ni Han Li 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(4):355-367
Forest gap in alpine forests may redistribute the hydrothermal conditions in winter and growing season, which may affect the releases of copper and zinc in foliar litter during decomposition. However, the details of this process are largely unknown. Foliar litters of willow (Salix paraplesia), larch (Larix mastersiana), fir (Abies faxoniana), azalea (Rhododendron lapponicum), birch (Betula albosinensis) and cypress (Sabina saltuaria) were selected in an alpine forest of eastern Tibetan Plateau. The litterbags were placed on the forest floor from gap center, canopy gap edge and expanded gap edge to closed canopy. Zinc and copper contents were studied as litter decomposition proceeded. After one year of decomposition, zinc accumulated in all foliar litters regardless of gap positions, but copper accumulated in the litters of fir, azalea and cypress. Separately, copper was released from all foliar litters in winter, whereas zinc in litters of larch, azalea, birch and cypress was released in winter. Moreover, both copper and zinc accumulated during the growing season regardless of litter species. Nevertheless, higher accumulation rates were observed under closed canopy compared with other gap positions. These results suggest that forest gap slows the releases of copper and zinc in foliar litter during forest regeneration in these cold biomes. 相似文献
19.
【目的】以云冷杉红松林(Spruce-fir-Korean pine forest)为研究对象,探究林隙干扰后优势种群之间的关系。【方法】基于凉水国家级自然保护区外业调查的基本数据,利用点格局分析方法对优势种群的空间格局进行分析,利用χ2检验和联结系数AC两种方法对优势种群的种间关联性进行分析。【结果】1)红松Pinus koraiensis在空间尺度为0~1.9 m时呈现随机分布,在≥1.9 m时为聚集分布。臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis、白桦Betula platyphylla和红皮云杉Picea koraiensis在所有尺度上均表现为聚集分布,紫椴Tilia amurensis在尺度为0~35 m时呈现聚集分布,在>35 m时为随机分布。2)红松与臭冷杉在所有尺度上均为聚集分布,红松与其他优势种群多为离散分布,红松与其他优势种群的种间关联性表现为无关。臭冷杉与白桦、紫椴在空间格局上主要为聚集分布,种间关联性为极显著负相关,表现为强烈的竞争关系。臭冷杉与红皮云杉在小尺度表现为离散分布,大尺度上为随机分布,种间关联性为不显著的正相关,说明其间的依赖性不强。白桦、红皮云杉和紫椴3种优势种群之间的空间格局主要为聚集分布,红皮云杉与白桦、紫椴与红皮云杉之间的种间关联性为显著负相关,白桦与紫椴之间为显著正相关。【结论】2个树种中优势度较高的树种的胸径决定了其空间格局的聚集程度以及种间关联性的显著程度,即平均胸径大的树种与其他树种表现为空间上离散,平均胸径小的树种之间表现为空间上聚集。 相似文献
20.
Correlations between canopy gaps and species diversity in broad-leaved and Korean pine mixed forests
Regeneration of tree species associated with canopy gaps in broad-leaved Korean pine forests was investigated. Species diversity
in gaps and under closed canopy was compared, the relationship between biodiversity and gap structure was analyzed. Results
indicate that there were significant differences between tree species diversity in gaps and that under canopy (p<0.01). In terms of Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index, and abundance index, the biodiversity in gap community were higher
than those under forest canopy in regeneration layer. In terms of Simpson’s dominance index, the dominance of certain species
in the regeneration layer increased from gaps to closed canopy (p<0.01). In contrast, trends of biodiversity changes of succession layer in gaps and under closed canopy were opposite. Tree
species diversity of different layers reacted directly to the change of gap size class. For example, Shannon-Wiener index
and abundance index is higher and Simpson’s dominance index is the lowest in succession layer of medium-size gap (100–250
m2) in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountains. Shannon-Wiener index reached the highest in a size of ≥250
m2 and <100 m2, reached the lowest in a size of 200–250 m2 in the regeneration layer. Simpson’s dominance index reached its maximum when the gap size was between 200 and 250 m2. Generally, species of different layers reacted differently to the changes of gap size classes. The gap size class with more
seedlings did not correspond to size class containing more medium-size trees. Tree species diversity indices in the two layers
behaved reciprocally during the development process of forest gaps.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(12): 2,236–2,240] 相似文献