共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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《中南林业调查规划》2020,(2)
通过对德国森林资源管理、近自然育林经营理念、森林经营技术与措施、森林资源监测体系等方面的调研分析,借鉴其取得的成果和经验,结合我国国情和林业基本情况,提出了以建立现代林业产权制度为核心、推进集体林权制度和国有林管理体制改革、依托近自然林业经营理念依法依规开展森林经营管理工作,以及完善我国森林资源监测体系加强技术创新和应用的建议。 相似文献
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以景宁县森林资源规划设计调查成果为依据,从林地资源、林木资源、单位蓄积、林分结构等方面对其森林资源现状进行分析,以正确认识景宁的森林资源结构特点,并从实行分类经营,继续加强中幼林抚育工作,充分利用成过熟林资源、逐步更新山区森林,加强安全保障体系建设,提高经济林管理水平,建立适应市场规律的林业管理体制和运行机制等探讨森林资源经营方向,提出坚持森林分类经营、实行定向培育、依靠科技进步和技术创新、结合集体林林权制度改革理顺林权、大力开发森林生态旅游、切实抓好林特产品基地建设等建议,为指导该县科学经营和管理森林、制订林业发展规划、进行森林分类经营区划和实行森林生态效益补偿提供依据。 相似文献
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剖析林改后森林资源保护管理面临的新问题,论述进一步加强森林资源保护管理的工作思路,并从全面推行森林可持续经营模式、科学编制和实施森林经营方案、加快森林经营和采伐管理配套改革、加强森林采伐限额执行情况的监督检查、完善生态公益林管护和补偿制度、进一步加强林地保护管理、积极推进林业行政执法体系改革、加强林政资源管理队伍建设等八个方面探讨了加强森林资源保护管理的对策. 相似文献
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丰富的森林资源促进了第2次世界大战结束后日本经济的恢复和高速发展。此后,林产品市场供求、生产经营和产业政策发生了重大变化。文中分析了日本森林资源和森林经营现状、木材供求和森林功能多样化的趋势,以及林业政策、经营管理和技术创新的动向,以期为理论研究和业务决策提供参考。日本在经济高速增长期过后,木材需求量减少,自给率维持低位。近年来,日本林木进入集中主伐利用期,社会对森林生态环保需求增大,森林经营面临着规模过小、国有林缺乏经营活力、年轻劳动力减少等问题。日本森林经营管理创新的重点包括提高科技贡献率、改革林业特别是国有林的生产经营体制、提升森林在生态与环境和经济减贫等多方面价值。目前,上述创新已经效果初现,也是今后日本林业改革发展的主要方向。 相似文献
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目前，玻利维亚森林认证总面积为 886 977 hm2，其中包括租借地、私有林和社区经营的森林。认证的社区森林的总面积为5.3万hm2，均属于Lonerio社区林业项目所有，其森林管理者是当地社区。认证者是社区代理组织APCOB（即对玻利维亚东部农民和土著人的支持）/CICOL（即玻利维亚东部公共中心）。 玻利维亚社区管理的森林面积为 258 821 hm2。为通过森林管理委员会（FSC）的认证，社区按FSC的要求制定了这片林地的森林经营计划，并按其计划进行了森林管理。FSC的主要要求之一是需要认证的经营单位必须按照FSC认证的原则和标准… 相似文献
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Manuel R. Guariguata Peter Cronkleton Patricia Shanley Peter L. Taylor 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008
We discuss the extent of compatibility of timber and non-timber forest product (NTFP) extraction in two neotropical localities from biophysical, social, and institutional perspectives: the community concession forests of the Petén, Guatemala, and extractivist communities in northern Bolivia. In both localities, timber is harvested via reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. In Guatemala, the main NTFP extracted is foliage from the understory xate palm (Chamaedorea spp.); in northern Bolivia, the fruits of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa). The Guatemalan case suggests a relatively high degree of compatibility due to low timber harvesting intensities, coupled with temporal, spatial, and social segregation of xate extraction in a well-defined land tenure system. In northern Bolivia, forest management regulations pay little attention to NTFPs and land tenure issues and related conflict complicate efforts to limit timber harvesting impacts on Brazil nut trees. The introduction of timber management plans overlain on customary property rights systems in which the extraction of Brazil nut is organized could undercut its management system. The two case studies suggest that specific legislative, education, and project interventions may help to promote the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction and management. These include formal training of foresters on NTFP ecology and management while taking into account the perspectives of multiple stakeholders in the design of management plans. Tropical forest users, research managers, and policy makers will also better understand the need for integrated management of timber and NTFPs, if the trade-offs and potential economic benefits from NTFP extraction are clarified. 相似文献
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《Forest Policy and Economics》2002,4(3):239-250
Following recent changes in the Bolivian Forest Law, there has been considerable debate about the financial viability of natural forest management in Northern Bolivia. We compare the returns to timber extraction for a number of forest management regimes, finding that the cost for private parties of meeting the recently imposed sustainable forest management requirements is significant. While still profitable (i.e. earning positive rates of return), sustainable forest management is clearly less profitable than traditional logging practices. Indeed, the net present value per hectare is depressed to such low levels that forests are unlikely to earn competitive rates of return, so that future conversion or misuse of forestlands may be feared. Finally, implications of the new forest law for the distribution of the resource rent between firm and government are discussed. Our results indicate that historic patterns of incomplete rent capture by the government have effectively been reversed, and that many firms will not be able to earn ‘normal profits’ under the new regime. 相似文献
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We analyze legality in the forest sector in Bolivia, focusing particularly on the domestic timber value chain in the northern Bolivian Amazon. Bolivia adopted wide-reaching forest, land and democratic regulatory changes since the mid-1990s that were partly intended to reduce illegal logging and related practices. The new forest regulations, in turn, led to new illegal practices because implementation and sanctioning were poor, but also because new forest and land regulations were inadequate and often contradictory. In response, the government and various forest agencies adopted new measures to address the new illegal practices. These forest regulatory and forest policy renovations and modifications of the last two decades are, for instance, reflected in the domestic timber market of the northern Bolivian Amazon, a region that relies heavily on the forest sector. The paper analyzes Bolivia’s regulatory changes that were relevant for legality in the forest sector and the multiple modifications that were made to address shortcomings of these reforms. It also analyses legality in the domestic timber value chain in northern Bolivia. The new actors involved in especially the domestic timber value chain have moved away from formal and legal mechanisms to benefit from timber that grows on their land and forests to practices that were not considered or actually shunned in the law and that appear difficult to regulate. Unless these new practices are recognized adequately in a new forestry law, some of the production and trade of the timber value chain will likely continue to operate at the margin of legality. 相似文献
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根据湖南泰格林纸集团纸浆原料林基地的存在问题,通过系统诊断,发现基地的主要问题为可伐资源少、经济效益差,根本原因是未形成森林资源管理体系,国家对企业营造纸浆林的扶持不够,对纸浆原料林缺乏科学认识;解决问题的途径主要从根本问题出发,沿着系统关系图的方向按问题的影响强度逐层解决,最终解决基地的主要问题,改善基地的系统功能,优化纸浆原料林基地的经营管理。 相似文献
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东北、内蒙古重点国有林区管理体制改革探求 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
东北、内蒙古国有林区是国务院确定的国家所有的最大的重点林区。长期以来,政企不分、政资不分、企资不分已成为制约林区加快发展的主要障碍。研究森工林区管理体制问题对于重点国有林区定位和发展具有重要的意义。本文通过林区管理体制的现状与问题分析,指出现行管理体制的弊端主要表现为森森资源管理、企业经营管理、社会行政事务管理“三种职能”履行不到位。通过改革环境分析,提出了林区管理体制改革的设想。认为改革的方向是在重点国有林区建立“三权分治”和“专业化经营”的管理体制,打破林区目前森林资源管理、企业经营、社会行政事务“三权合一”的管理体制,构建森林资源、企业经营、社会行政事务管理“三个主体”,强化森林资源、企业经营、社会行政事务管理“三种职能”,促进林区生态经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展。 相似文献
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以大兴沟林业局为典型案例,对森林资源管护经营展开全面系统的研究。可以清楚地看出,森林资源管护经营责任制对保护、培育森林资源和发展林区特色经济有显著的作用,并指出了管护经营中存在的问题以及解决对策。 相似文献
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数字林业大背景下出现的集约化经营已成为人工林经营的一种模式,传统的森林资源信息管理工作面临着越来越多的挑战,已经不能满足实际的需要,迫切需要新的信息管理技术。结合中国国营林场开发总公司雷州林业局管理状况,以Map Object为开发平台,应用GIS技术开发了一套林业资源管理应用系统,与二类清查数据库、林班经营管理财务数据库等属性数据库进行动态链接,使之成为可视化、多元化的管理信息系统。该系统实现了显示、查询、统计森林资源蓄积量和碳汇等信息的功能,将为林业资源的科学管理、林业调查规划设计提供现代化的辅助手段。 相似文献
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目前广东省开展的国有林场森林经营方案的编制与传统森林经营方案编制有所不同,是在国
家和广东省森林经营规划指导下的多功能森林经营方案编制新技术体系。文章以广东省茂名市国有荷塘
林场为例,通过分析国家和省的森林经营规划、林场森林资源、林场性质,为林场制定了相应的 12 种森
林经营类型和 12 种森林经营作业法等关键内容。这些重要内容成为林场森林经营方案编制的主体内容,
为方案编制服务,可满足林场 8 年经理期内的各种经营要求,实现森林高效可持续发展的需要。 相似文献
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中国热带次生林的可持续经营 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文中概述了次生林的内涵及中国热带次生林的2种产权形式和2种经营体制, 阐述了目前次生林经营的边缘化和人工化趋势, 并说明了这2种经营趋势不是可持续经营, 同时指出实现可持续经营的途径在于树立生态哲学的世界观, 接受"近自然林业"的经营思想, 探索促进多方参与的经营体制, 以及形成"激励相容"的经营技术体系。 相似文献