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1.
【目的】明确浙江金华太秋甜柿果实炭疽病主要病原种类，探究不同病原菌生物学特性的差异，为甜柿炭疽病防治提供科学依据。【方法】2021年6—10月，通过对浙江金华永康太秋甜柿生长期果实炭疽病病样的采集和分离，致病性测定和系统发育分析，确定其主要病原菌种类；通过对不同甜柿炭疽病病原菌在不同温度、pH值、培养基类型、光照等培养条件和致死温度的测定，揭示不同种之间的差异。【结果】3种甜柿炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum horii、C. siamense和C. fructicola）为浙江金华太秋甜柿果实炭疽病主要病原菌，其中暹罗刺盘孢引起太秋甜柿炭疽病为国内首次报道。生物学特性研究表明，果生刺盘孢、哈锐炭疽菌和暹罗刺盘孢最适生长温度为30℃，最适产孢温度为35℃，哈锐炭疽菌最适产孢温度为25℃；果生刺盘孢和暹罗刺盘孢菌丝生长最佳培养基为PDA、CMA和GA，果生刺盘孢产孢最佳培养基为胡萝卜煎汁培养基，暹罗刺盘孢产孢最佳培养基为CMA培养基；哈锐炭疽菌菌丝生长最佳培养基为PDA和CA，产孢最佳培养基为OA培养基。pH值4～10均适宜甜柿炭疽病菌菌丝生长，果生刺盘孢在pH值5和9时产孢最佳，... 相似文献
2.
为明确近年四川省石棉县黄果柑果实田间普遍发生的果面病斑的致病菌,2016年12月在当地采病果为试验材料进行病菌分离,并对分离菌株进行形态学鉴定、分子鉴定及致病性测定。结果表明,分离共获得12株真菌,5株为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,5株为互隔交链格孢菌Alternaria alternata,2株为果生刺盘孢菌C. fructicola。分离获得的胶孢炭疽菌株和互隔交链格孢菌株均能侵染果实和叶片形成病斑且与田间病斑基本一致,两者是生产中石棉县黄果柑果面病斑的致病菌。 相似文献
3.
采用形态学特征观察和多基因系统进化分析进行病原种类鉴定。结果表明:病原菌在PSA培养基上初生菌丝为白色,逐渐转变成墨绿色至灰黑色,孢子堆为橘红色,分生孢子为单细胞,无色透明,长椭圆形,8.5~17.5μm×3.5~4.5μm,有的含有1~2个油球,萌发产生附着胞;病原菌的ITS序列与果生刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichum fructicola)相似性最高,达99.7%;基于ACT、ITS、CHS-1、GPDH和TUB2基因序列构建的多基因联合系统进化结果显示,病原菌与果生刺盘孢菌的不同分离物聚集在同一个分支上,结合其形态学特征将病原菌鉴定为果生刺盘孢菌。 相似文献
4.
【目的】明确海南省白沙县和儋州市油梨种植基地的油梨叶片和果实的病原菌种类，为该病害的准确鉴定和田间防治措施的制定提供理论依据。【方法】在海南省白沙县和儋州市的油梨种植基地调查炭疽病的发生情况并采集病叶和病果，通过组织分离法和单孢分离法获得纯化分离株，并对纯化菌株进行致病性测定，结合形态学和分子生物学对所得菌株进行病原菌种类鉴定。【结果】从采自白沙县的14份病叶种分离的得到3株菌株，儋州市的10份病叶中分离获得6株分离物以及自白沙市采集的5份病果中分离出的1株真菌，经致病性测定，菌株HNBSL01、HNDZL02和HNBSF03为致病菌，且均与田间症状一致。根据3种致病菌的菌落、分生孢子和附着胞的形态特征可初步判断引起油梨叶片和果实炭疽病的病原菌均为炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum sp.）；多基因（ITS-ACT-TUB2-CHS-1-GAPHD-HIS3）联合分析构建系统发育树分析结果显示，病原菌HNBSL01与暹罗炭疽菌（C. siamense）的同源性为81%、HNDZL02与果生炭疽菌（C. fructicola）的同源性为100%、HNBSF03与长直孢炭疽菌（C. g... 相似文献
5.
《果树学报》2017,(9)
【目的】确定引起琯溪蜜柚炭疽病的病原种类,为针对性地防治炭疽病提供理论依据。【方法】2014—2015年从平和县4个乡镇采集发病材料,对病原菌进行分离、纯化、致病性测定以及形态特征观测、r DNA-ITS序列分析,对病原菌的种类进行鉴定。【结果】经单孢分离后,所获得的菌株对琯溪蜜柚果实可致病,并产生典型症状,对病原菌进行显微形态观测,病原菌分生孢子及附着孢的形态为炭疽菌属真菌,以菌株GX(3)的DNA为模板,扩增得到全长为600 bp的DNA片段,并获得该菌的rDNA-ITS序列,发现其与胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz的相似性高达100%。【结论】根据病害症状、病菌的形态特征及ITS序列同源性比较的结果,将琯溪蜜柚炭疽病的病原菌鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌C.gloeosporioides。 相似文献
6.
【目的】利用多基因手段结合形态学特征重新确定广西杧果炭疽病菌的分类地位,并统计分析各种类病菌的分布,了解广西杧果炭疽病菌的种类和优势群体,为进一步研究我国杧果炭疽菌及其病害的诊断、防控提供有力依据。【方法】从广西百色市、南宁市、钦州市等杧果产地采集杧果不同部位的炭疽病害样本,采用组织分离法进行分离,对所得分离物进行致病性测定,证明为杧果炭疽病菌。对病菌的ITS和ACT、GPDH、TUB2、CAL多基因位点进行扩增和测序,各基因序列按ITS、GPDH、ACT、TUB2、CAL的顺序相连接形成复合序列,采用MEGA 6.06软件以邻接法(neighbor-joining,NJ)构建系统发育树,结合病菌的形态特征鉴定其分类地位,并统计各种类病菌的总分离率及其在不同地区、植株不同部位的分离率。【结果】获得50株杧果炭疽病菌菌株,分别属于3个种:Colletotrichum asianum、C.fructicola、C.siamense,其中36株为C.asianum、12株为C.fructicola、2株为C.siamense。C.asianum、C.fructicola、C.siamense的总分离率分别为72%、24%、4%;C.asianum在所有检测地区、植株部位均能分离到,且分离率均最高,超过57.1%;C.fructicola能从所有检测地区、枝条以外的植株部位分离到,其中花梗上的分离率最高,为42.9%;C.siamense仅从百色市的果实上分离到,分离率为13.3%。【结论】广西杧果炭疽病菌主要有C.asianum、C.fructicola和C.siamense 3个种,均属于C.gloeosporioides复合种,其中C.asianum为优势种,C.fructicola是我国杧果炭疽病菌的新记录种;病菌的种类与地理来源、侵染部位无明显相关性。 相似文献
7.
为明确贵州芒果叶斑病病原炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）的种类及表型特征，在贵州芒果主产区望谟县、安龙县和贞丰县等地采集芒果叶斑病标样及分离菌株，对其内转录间隔区、机动蛋白、β-微管蛋白、几丁质合成酶1、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶等多个基因的序列进行系统学分析，测定不同炭疽菌的菌落形态、分生孢子大小、菌丝生长速率等特征。结果表明，引起贵州芒果叶斑病的病原炭疽菌种类有Colletotrichum asianum、C.fructicola和C.siamense，其中C.asianum和C.fructicola为主要为害种类，C.asianum的菌丝生长速率和分生孢子长度均显著大于C.fructicola和C.siamense,C.fructicola侵染叶片造成病斑扩展速度最快。 相似文献
8.
《果树学报》2015,(3)
【目的】测定杧果蒂腐病可可球二孢(B.theobromae)不同菌株的致病力及评价杧果品种的抗病性,为杧果蒂腐病防治技术的研究奠定基础。【方法】采用室内人工接种的方法,对124个B.theobromae菌株进行致病力测定,并针对11个杧果品种进行抗病初步测定。【结果】B.theobromae菌株之间致病力有较大差异,强致病力菌株占28.23%,中等致病力菌株占66.93%,弱致病力菌株占4.84%。同一品种资源分别接种5个不同菌株,抗病性存在较大差异;但是,通过接种B.theobromae后的平均病情指数进行抗性分级,对多个菌株的抗病性进行综合评价发现,‘象牙’为高感(HS)材料,而其余10份材料均表现为感病(S)。【结论】杧果可可球二孢是引起杧果蒂腐的优势病原菌,强致病力和中等致病力菌株在海南分布广泛;供试11份杧果材料中没有对B.theobromae菌株表现抗病的杧果品种。 相似文献
9.
茶树炭疽病病原菌鉴定及其致病性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从来自12个省份茶区的茶树炭疽病病叶分离病原菌,基于形态学和多基因聚类分析对其进行鉴定,并对不同茶区分离的纯培养物致病性进行测定。结果表明,分离到的57株菌株有明显的形态学差异,根据其在PDA上的菌落形态和分生孢子特征可划分为5种类型。选取21个代表性菌株进行多位点（ITS、TUB2、ACT、CAL、CHS-1和GAPDH）的序列和聚类分析,发现测试菌株均属于胶孢炭疽复合种（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex）,包括7株果生炭疽菌（C. fructicola）、8株山茶炭疽菌（C.camelliae）、3株暹罗炭疽菌（C.siamense）和3株隐秘炭疽菌（C.aenigma）,其中山茶炭疽菌和果生炭疽菌在调查茶区的炭疽病叶中分离频率较高。采用刺伤接种法将测试菌株接种于‘舒茶早’离体枝条的叶片,结果显示21个代表性菌株中17株能够侵染‘舒茶早’叶片并使其发病,但不同菌种表现出致病性差异,其中山茶炭疽菌表现出强致病力,同时发现同种病原菌不同菌株间也存在致病力差异。此外,在河南茶区首次发现由果生炭疽菌引起茶树炭疽病。 相似文献
10.
以桂林市灵川县的黄花倒水莲为试材,采用组织块分离法、ITS测序和平板对峙等方法,研究了黄花倒水莲内生真菌的菌群组成及抗菌活性,以期为开发生防菌提供参考依据。结果表明：从黄花倒水莲中共分离得到62株内生真菌,经分子鉴定属于29个属,优势属为刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum sp.)、间座壳属(Diaporthe sp.)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium sp.)和拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis)。筛选到10株对香蕉黑条叶斑病病菌、柑橘树脂病病菌、叶点霉病菌具有较强抑菌活性的菌株。药用植物黄花倒水莲具有较为丰富的抑菌活性内生真菌资源,其抑菌活性值得深入研究。 相似文献
11.
AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
12.
AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
13.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
14.
多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
15.
HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
16.
Fulé Peter Z. Crouse Joseph E. Heinlein Thomas A. Moore Margaret M. Covington W. Wallace Verkamp Greg 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(5):465-486
Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Duncan Brean W. Boyle Shannon Breininger David R. Schmalzer Paul A. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(3):291-309
Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere. 相似文献
18.
AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis. 相似文献
19.
以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。 相似文献
20.
AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G1/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [3H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G0/G1 phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G0/G1 phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate. 相似文献