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核桃青果与坚果外观性状相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以核桃成熟果实为材料,测定了5个青果外观性状和7个坚果外观性状,分析了青果性状、坚果性状及青果与其坚果性状之间的相关性。结果表明:核桃青果外观性状之间均呈极显著的线性正相关关系;核桃坚果三径之间均呈极显著正相关关系,坚果鲜重与坚果三径和坚果仁鲜重呈极显著正相关,坚果仁鲜重与坚果三径、坚果鲜重和坚果出仁率均呈极显著正相关,而与坚果壳厚呈极显著负相关;坚果出仁率仅与坚果仁鲜重呈极显著正相关,而与坚果壳厚呈极显著负相关,与坚果纵径呈显著正相关;坚果壳厚与坚果横径、坚果纵径、坚果仁鲜重及坚果出仁率均呈极显著负相关,与坚果线径呈显著负相关;核桃青果5个性状与坚果三径、坚果鲜重、坚果仁鲜重及坚果出仁率等6个坚果外观性状之间均呈极显著正相关,与坚果壳厚均呈极显著负相关;该研究列出了各个性状间的线性回归方程和相关密切程度。 相似文献
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【目的】对不同土壤类型条件下栽植的板栗品质进行综合评价，为高品质板栗的栽培、施肥与合理引种提供理论参考。【方法】以棕壤、褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤、黄壤、红壤6种不同类型土壤条件栽培的板栗为对象，分析坚果品质与土壤养分的相关关系，通过主成分分析法对板栗单粒质量、含水量、支链淀粉/总淀粉比值以及可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪、总酚含量进行综合评价。【结果】（1）不同土壤类型pH、有机质和矿质养分含量变异系数范围为8.60%(pH)～48.35%（全磷），有机质含量与全氮、全钾含量呈极显著正相关（p<0.01），与速效钾含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）;pH与速效钾含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）；全氮含量与全钾含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05），与有效铁含量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）；有效锌含量与有效磷、有效钾含量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）。（2）不同土壤类型条件下各板栗品质指标变异系数范围为5.99%（含水量）～26.32%（可溶性糖含量），坚果单粒质量与有效锰含量呈极显著正相关（p<0.01）；速效钾含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05），... 相似文献
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以河北省9个主栽核桃品种为试材，通过对坚果表型特性及营养品质测定，进行相关性分析及主成分分析，明确了坚果品质的综合评价指标，并筛选出适栽品种。研究结果表明，“早硕”的单果重与侧径、“赞美”的核壳厚度、“辽宁1号”的出仁率及“西岭”的缝合线紧密度均显著高于其他品种；“清香”的蛋白质和黄酮含量、“辽宁8号”的油脂和多酚含量及“上宋6号”的可溶性糖含量显著高于其他品种。经相关性分析发现，单果重与缝合线紧密度呈显著负相关；多酚含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关，与黄酮含量呈极显著正相关；坚果纵径与黄酮、多酚及可溶性糖呈显著正相关，坚果出仁率与多酚呈显著负相关。根据主成分分析法筛选出坚果的纵径、横径、单果重、缝合线紧密度、多酚、蛋白质和油脂含量作为品种评价的关键指标。采用筛选出的评价指标对9个核桃品种进行排序，“早硕”“辽宁1号”“清香”皆具有较好的坚果表现。 相似文献
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新疆野核桃坚果表型性状多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】通过经典形态差异分析方法,了解新疆野核桃种质坚果表型性状多样性,为新疆核桃种质起源研究及资源保护等提供理论参考。【方法】对34份新疆野核桃种质的16个描述性状和11个数量性状进行测定,参考《GB/T20398—2006核桃坚果质量等级》和《核桃种质资源描述规范和数据标准》等标准进行相关性状测定,应用聚类分析、相关性分析方法对新疆野核桃坚果表型性状进行评价。【结果】不同新疆野核桃种质间存在显著差异,34份野核桃种质坚果大小有变小的趋势。11个数量性状平均变异系数为9.92%,其中单果仁质量变异系数最大,为19.98%,横径变异系数最小,为5.22%。相关性分析发现,11个数量性状间存在较高的相关性,其中有29对性状间呈极显著正相关,2对呈显著正相关,1对呈极显著负相关,1对呈显著负相关。通过聚类分析将34份种质划分为8个类群。【结论】新疆野核桃在表型性状上表现出丰富的遗传多样性,单果质量、单果仁质量、果形指数、壳胴、出仁率、核壳厚度可以作为新疆野核桃坚果品质评价和良种选育的参考标准。 相似文献
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枣的耐藏性及其生物学特性研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对１４个枣的鲜食、制蜜品种的耐藏性进行了比较研究，结果表明：早熟脆枣，灵宝圆枣、油福水枣、合阳玲玲枣比较耐藏；枣果实耐藏性与呼吸速率呈显著负相关，与失水速率呈显著正相关。果实呼吸速率，失水速率、果肉细胞大小和果肉比重是影响耐藏性的主要因子。 相似文献
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对香玲、鲁光、元丰、中林2号和丰辉等5个国内核桃品种，维纳、日地和希尔等3个美国核桃品种，在渝东北部大巴山区定植前3年生长结果情况进行调查，结果表明，香玲和鲁光生长势最弱，元丰和中林2号生长势最强；定植第2年，国内品种平均单株雌花数多于国外品种，国内品种以元丰、国外品种以维纳的雌花数量多；元丰表现出生长势较强，早期产量高的最优综合性状。核桃枝梢长度与雌花量呈极显著抛物线相关，主要成花枝梢是生长中庸的枝梢，不同品种主要成花枝梢的长度不同。国外品种维纳的鲜果及坚果明显大于国内品种；国内品种的坚果大小相近，以香玲的出仁率最高；供试品种坚果的外观都较光滑、美观。 相似文献
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不同核桃品种果实外观性状差异性比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以5a生“西林3号”、“西扶1号”、“香玲”和“强特勒”4个核桃品种的成熟果实为试材,研究比较了其青果和坚果外观性状等指标.结果表明:“西林3号”核桃青果各项测定指标明显大于其它3个品种,且与其它品种相同指标的差异均达极显著水平;除坚果鲜重与“强特勒”差异不显著外,“西林3号”核桃坚果其它测定指标均明显优于“强特勒”、“香玲”及“西扶1号”3个品种,且与3个品种相同指标的差异均达到极显著水平.核桃坚果与其青果主要外观性状之间存在显著相关性,其中,坚果仁重与青果单重、坚果仁重与青果横径、坚果仁重与青果线径、坚果纵径与青果纵径之间的相关系数均在0.91以上,应用回归方程,可以通过青果外观性状提前估算其坚果大小及鲜果仁重. 相似文献
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以"碧玉"黄瓜和"新品春宝"豇豆为试材,探讨2种有机种植蔬菜盛果期土壤呼吸的变化特征,对大棚内的样点进行土壤呼吸的动态监测。结果表明:在相同施肥灌溉等常规田间管理的前提下,黄瓜的土壤呼吸速率平均值高于豇豆的土壤呼吸平均值,分别为1.27μmol·m-2·s-1和0.83μmol·m-2·s-1。由于试验阶段高温导致的黄瓜土壤呼吸特征的特殊性,总体来看,黄瓜的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温湿度、大气温湿度和气压的关系走势,与豇豆的相应关系走势呈相反趋势。但是回归方程表明,黄瓜和豇豆的土壤呼吸速率分别与土壤5cm温度和大气温度的变化呈显著指数相关关系(P0.01);黄瓜和豇豆土壤呼吸速率与土壤湿度和大气湿度呈显著线性相关关系(P0.05);黄瓜土壤呼吸速率与大气压强相关性不显著(P0.05),豇豆土壤呼吸速率与大气气压呈正相关,但相关性不显著。 相似文献
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This study was carried out in Arsin (Trabzon/Turkey) in 2011. The effects of different harvest time and altitudes on the quality of the nuts have been investigated. The study was performed on Fo?a hazelnut and the harvest process has been conducted at three terms, which are on normal harvest time and ten days before and after harvest time. The harvested nuts were dried in the shade on the concrete floor until their moisture content decreased to 5?%. Some properties of nuts including yield, fruit weight, internal weight, shell thickness, and protein, oleic, and linoleic acid amounts have been investigated. As evaluated all of the fruit properties it can be concluded that 11 August is the most suitable harvest date for coast zone. On the other hand, no significant differences were obtained in the point of protein, oleic, and linoleic acid amounts for different harvest time and altitudes. 相似文献
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The appropriate time of harvest is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of pistachio. Cultivars ‘Ahmad-Aghaii’, ‘Kaleh-Ghoochi’, ‘Ohadi’ and ‘Badami-Zarand’ were evaluated for qualitative indices of nut over a period of four years from 2001 to 2004. Nut samples were collected during eight successive weeks from 23 August to 11 October. Splitting, early splitting, hull cracking and hulling percentage continually increased toward the last harvest week while non-splitting, immaturity, number of nuts per ounce and moisture content decreased during the harvest weeks. The increment of splitting and the number of nuts per ounce was not significant from 20 September to the last week of harvest. Early splitting, hull cracking and aflatoxin contamination of kernel progressively increased from 13 September. Total crude fat and sugar contents showed a peak in the middle of September. The concentration of aflatoxins prior or at maturity stage of selected cultivars was lower than the critical level. In general, the appropriate time of harvest for the cultivars studied is the middle of September to avoid contamination of nuts to aflatoxin and to ensure the nut quality. This study emphasizes different quality indices for determining the optimum harvest time of pistachio crop. 相似文献
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Physical,compositional and sensory differences in nuts among pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) varieties
E. Tsantili C. Takidelli M.V. Christopoulos E. Lambrinea D. Rouskas P.A. Roussos 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Differences in some physical, compositional and sensory characteristics among eight varieties of pistachio nuts (Aegina, Pontikis, Bronte, Cerasola, Joley, Kerman, Mumtaz and Sirora) from different origins were studied. The evaluated varieties were cultivated under the same field conditions and the dried nuts were utilised. The percentage of split nuts ranged from 93.8% (Sirora) to 80.2% (Aegina), the 10-nut weight from 15.23 g (Kerman) to 9.7 g (Cerasola), the kernel/nut percentage from 57.24% (w/w) (Pontikis) to 47.08% (w/w) (Kerman) and the ratio of length/width of nut from 1.81 (Aegina and Joley) to 1.56 (Mumtaz). Colour measurements showed the highest shell L* (80.26) for Kerman, the lowest shell h° (81.19) for Mumtaz, the lowest kernel membrane h° (24.43) for Cerasola, and the highest h° (107.23) on the inner kernel of Aegina. Crude protein content varied between 21.87 (Cerasola) and 18.99% d.w. (Joley), and the fat between 57.62 (Joley) and 49.79% d.w. (Cerasola). Among the major fatty acids in kernel oil, oleic ranged from 67.86% in Cerasola to 51.6% in Kerman, linoleic from 27.03% in Kerman to 11.56% in Pontikis and palmitic from 10.24% in Kerman to 8.54% in Cerasola. Linolenic acid was highest in Kerman (0.5%). Myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, vaccenic, arachidic and gondoic acids were also found in all samples. Negative and significant linear correlations were found between oleic and linoleic, and between mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Most of the physical and compositional characteristics measured were affected significantly by variety. Panelists preferred nuts of big size with a naturally yellowish shell colour. Visual differences in kernels were not significant, whereas Kerman, Sirora and Cerasola gained the panelists’ overall flavour preference among the varieties evaluated. 相似文献
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中国板栗3个野生居群部分表型性状的遗传多样性 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
本文对中国野生板栗秦岭山脉生态区、泰沂山脉生态区和燕山山脉生态区的3个种下居群的叶片、果实形态和坚果主要营养成分进行了调查研究,旨在为我国野生板栗资源的保护和可持续利用提供科学依据。结果表明,①3个居群的叶片大小、叶柄长度和粗度以及果实形状、大小和颜色等形态性状的变异系数均在10％以上,表现出丰富的遗传多样性,其中以叶面积及单粒重变异幅度和变异系数最大,而果形指数变异幅度和变异系数最小,是较稳定的植物学性状,3个居群的变异趋势基本一致。本文首次对秦岭山脉野生板栗表型性状进行了调查研究,其中单果重的变异幅度为1.69－3.89g,变异系数18.3%;坚果中边果的形状有近圆形、圆形、椭圆形、扁椭圆形、短椭圆形等;坚果表面颜色有淡红、棕褐、红褐、褐色等;果肉有浅黄色、乳黄色等;涩皮均易剥离,具有北方炒食板栗的典型特征。② 3个居群118个野生株系果肉中水分、总糖、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和维生素C等各种主要营养成分的含量在单株间差异显著,变异系数6.2％－28.3％,其中以坚果蛋白质含量的变异幅度和变异系数最大,遗传多样性丰富,3个居群的变异趋势基本一致;③同一性状在不同居群间大都存在显著或极显著差异,其中单叶面积和单粒重以秦岭山脉居群最小,分别为56.34cm2和2.95g,而维生素C含量最高（96.7mg/100g）,分别是燕山山脉和泰沂山脉居群的2.29倍和2.22倍。④相关分析结果显示,单粒重和单叶面积与降雨量和经度显著正相关,与海拔高度显著负相关,而维生素C含量与降雨量显著负相关,与海拔高度正相关,表明环境对板栗表型性状的遗传变异具有较大影响。因此,从野生板栗资源中进一步选择大果型、高蛋白质及高维生素C含量等优异种质类型的潜力很大。 相似文献
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David Goldhamer Robert Beede 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):538-545
SummaryRegulated deficit irrigation (RDI) was evaluated on deep rooted, mature pistachio trees grown under high evaporative demand in the low rainfall southern San Joaquin Valley of California. The focus of this work was to assess the impact of deficit irrigation during various parts of the season with the goal of determining which period was most stress tolerant in terms of nut production. Pistachio nuts have a unique fruit growth pattern in which rapid kernel growth does not begin until about six weeks after full shell size has been attained. Our hypothesis was that irrigation could be reduced during this period with limited negative effects on production. The season was divided into three preharvest periods: leafout to full shell expansion (Stage 1), full shell expansion to the onset of rapid kernel growth (Stage 2), and rapid kernel growth to harvest (Stage 3). Water deprivation during Stage 1 applied 7.2% less water than the near-fully irrigated Control without any yield loss, based on mean values for the last “on” and “off” alternate bearing years of this study. Shell splitting (endocarp dehiscence) at harvest (a positive impact) was significantly higher (10.4% relative to the Control) but this was offset by a nut weight reduced by 9.4%. Stage 3 water deprivation (53% less applied water than the Control) significantly reduced nut size, shell splitting, mechanical nut removal by tree shaking, and yield, while increasing kernel blanking and abortion. Postharvest water deprivation (5.0% less applied water than the Control) had no significant negative effects on yield components. Six irrigation regimes that applied water at various rates were used to investigate Stage 2 behaviour. While there were no significant differences in yield components among these regimes, the best production occurred with deficit irrigation during Stage 2 at 50% of near-potential ETc during Stage 2 and 25% of near-potential ETc after harvest. This RDI regime saved about 180 mm of water (23.2% of the Control) and water use efficiency was significantly higher (4.69 versus 3.61 kg marketable fruit per mm water, for this RDI regime and the Control, respectively). We believe RDI during Stage 2 and postharvest is a viable irrigation strategy to save water while maintaining top yields of high quality pistachio nuts. Further work is needed to determine if the improved shell splitting harvest that occurred with Stage 1 stress can be exploited to improve grower profits. 相似文献
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榛果发育过程中主要营养成分的变化(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以杂种榛优良品系82-11,84-237和84-402为试材,采用动态监测的方法,研究果仁发育过程中营养成分的变化,并分析了营养成分和矿质元素的相关性。结果表明,还原糖的含量前期呈下降趋势后期略有回升;蔗糖的含量呈上升趋势,在果仁成熟时成为主要的可溶性总糖;可溶性总糖在果仁发育期呈下降趋势,从果仁充实期到果仁充分成熟,含量逐渐升高;淀粉的含量呈上升—下降—平稳—上升趋势;粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的含量逐渐升高,呈明显累积趋势。果仁中蔗糖和可溶性总糖的积累主要在果仁发育的后期,粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的积累主要在果仁发育的前期和中期。果仁发育中,粗脂肪含量和氮素,磷素以及钾素呈极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
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四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川牡丹（Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.）结实量大,专性种子繁殖,具油用开发潜力。对7个不同野生居群的四川牡丹种子千粒质量、种仁出油率、籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行了测定,并探讨其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明：四川牡丹不同居群种子千粒质量平均为（311.65 ± 46.45）g,平均种仁出油率32.23% ± 1.96%,居群间差异显著（P < 0.05）;籽油中共检测到7种主要脂肪酸：棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生一烯酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.94% ~ 93.70%,亚麻酸相对含量高达40.45% ~ 47.68%,不同居群籽油脂肪酸组分相对含量存在差异;土壤有效钾含量与种子出油率呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,土壤有机质、全氮含量与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,其他脂肪酸组分与土壤因子相关性不显著。 相似文献