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野生茶树种质资源具有较高的遗传多样性,是开展茶树品种选育的优质基因库。收集了来自湖北省巴东县的26份野生茶树资源,利用简单重复序列（Simple sequence repeat,SSR）分子标记并结合对照栽培型茶树品种对野生茶树资源的遗传多样性及种群结构等进行分析。结果如下：（1）16对引物在供试材料中共扩增得到82个等位位点,每对引物扩增所得的等位基因范围为3～8个,平均检测出等位位点5.12个,有效位点数量3.65个,香农多样性指数平均值1.378。（2）从16对引物中筛选出6个核心引物位点,可对26份野生茶树进行有效检测并鉴别。（3）UPGMA进化树将48份材料分为7个类别,野生茶树与栽培型茶树能通过SSR标记进行有效划分;进一步种群遗传结构分析发现26份野生茶树可分为2个亚群。（4）依据生化成分含量,筛选得出2份高EGCG含量的茶树种质资源及2份适制红茶的茶树种质资源。研究结果显示,巴东野生茶树多样性丰富,种群内部遗传变异高,为进一步保护、开发和利用巴东野生茶树种质资源奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《广东茶业》2017,(6)
本研究以广东连南茶树资源具有代表性的三处地方:涡水、黄连和大龙为研究对象,对连南茶树种质资源进行了叶片表型性状(66份茶树资源)和新梢生化特性(45份茶树资源)进行了鉴定和评价,为茶树优良品种的选育提供了依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)连南66份茶树种质资源24个叶片表型性状的平均变异系数为31.86%,其中叶基变异系数最大(92.90%),侧脉与主脉交角最小(12.02%)。24个叶片性状的平均遗传多样性指数为1.10,多样性系数均较大,叶基遗传多样性指数最大,其值为2.08,叶面遗传多样性指数最小,其值为0.59。(2)连南茶树资源的生化成分存在丰富的多样性和变异性,平均变异指数高达49.88%。其中CG和ECG含量变异系数分别为113.45%和105.95%;最小的是水浸出物含量,为12.14%。本项目从中筛选出一批生化成分显著特异的茶树资源,其中,氨基酸含量5%的特异资源有4份,高茶多酚资源(34%)有13份,低咖啡碱(1%)的是黄连22号;在高水浸出物资源中儿茶素总量和酯型儿茶素含量较高的资源有12份,其中涡水茶树群体中有10份,黄连茶树群体中有2份。 相似文献
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利用SSR引物分析西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了评价西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性,用260对SSR引物对来自青藏高原主要农区的75份青稞育成品种、17份野生大麦、39份青稞地方品种和44份国外大麦材料的遗传多样性进行了分析.结果表明,从260对SSR引物中筛选出23对多态性高的引物,占筛选引物的8.1％.23对SSR引物在西藏野生大麦中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带92条,多态性条带为81条,其比例为88.04％;在西藏青稞地方品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带89条,多态性条带为78条,其比例为87.6％;在青稞育成品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带109条,多态性条带98条,其比例为89.9％;在引进材料中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带64条,多态性条带53条,其比例为82.8％.遗传多样性分析结果为青稞育成品种(0.9882)＞西藏野生大麦(0.8033)＞西藏青稞地方品种(0.5820)＞国外大麦材料(0.4218).聚类与主坐标分析表明,实验材料可以清楚的分为4类,西藏野生大麦分在两个类群,西藏青稞地方品种分在两个类群,引进大麦材料分在一个类群,青稞育成品种分在四个类群.同一来源地区的青稞育成品种遗传基础较为狭窄,不同地区间的青稞育成品种遗传差异较大.以上结果说明,在西藏青稞新品种选育和遗传改良中,在发掘和利用西藏野生大麦资源、西藏青稞地方品种资源的同时,更应该加强不同地区青稞育成品种资源的交换和配合使用. 相似文献
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为保护茶树种质资源和促进茶树种质创新,对来自全国12个省份的32份茶树地方群体种资源表型性状及生化组分多样性进行了研究。结果表明,16个表型性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.81～1.94,供试群体表型遗传多样性较高;叶面积、叶形、叶面、芽叶茸毛、叶尖、叶身6个表型性状变异的累计贡献率为71.78%,是造成供试茶树群体表型差异的主要因素;综合两年生化成分测定结果,供试样品咖啡碱含量变异系数（17.95%和14.55%）最大,其次是茶多酚含量变异系数（13.61%和8.11%）,游离氨基酸变异系数（5.62%和7.52%）最小;基于生化组分含量测定结果进行聚类分析将供试茶树群体划分为3个类群,分别包含不同类型的种质。从供试茶树地方群体种资源的地理分布范围来看,供试种质生化成分含量呈现出地域差异。 相似文献
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用RAPD分子标记对广东连南县涡水、黄连和大龙3处茶树群体的45份种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析,从DNA角度深入探讨了连南茶树的分类及其亲缘关系.利用已筛选好的17条扩增效果良好的引物进行RAPD扩增反应后,共扩增出124条谱带.其中多态性带为119(占96.0%),总的Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)和香浓信息指数(I)分别为0.491和0.684.根据RAPD分析结果,通过UPGMA类平均法聚类法,对45份茶树种质资源进行聚类分析,结果表明:3处茶树群体的供试材料基本上都可以各组聚成一类.从上述的结果可得:连南茶树种质资源的遗传多样性高、遗传基础丰富且具有明显的地域独特性;连南茶树种质资源群体之间存在着较大的遗传分化. 相似文献
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遗传多样性评价是茶树种质资源鉴定和新品种选育的重要内容.本研究采用筛选的9对SSR引物对17份江西赣东北茶树种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析,结果表明:9对SSR标记在17个品种中共检测到32个等位基因,平均每个标记3.56个,PIC和遗传多样性指数平均值分别为0.54和1.07,参试品种的Nei's遗传距离(D)在0.14～0.78;当D=0.19时,可将17个茶树品种聚为4类,江西赣东北茶树种质资源遗传多样性丰富.本研究结果为江西省茶树优良地方品种的开发利用提供参考. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献