共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
为了寻找适宜轻简栽培又节水的高产优质抗旱水稻或旱稻品种，以适应产业结构调整后的早期林果园的间作套种和部分缺水地区的稻作问题特设计试验。试验结果，有５个品种生育期适宜本地区旱直播（含对照），其中２个品种米质优良，１个品种有较高的生产潜力。 相似文献
5.
栽培稻抗旱性研究的现状与策略 总被引：87，自引：4，他引：87
水资源短缺正成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素。培育抗旱的栽培稻品种并实现水稻旱作，不但可在很大程度上节约水资源，而且有利于增产稳产，节约能源和减少环境污染。抗旱性包括逃旱性、避旱性、耐旱性和复原抗旱性。形态生理学的研究揭示出大量的与栽培稻抗旱性有关的形态特征和生理特性，如根系和叶片性状、生育期、渗透调节、脱落酸含量与栽培稻抗旱性密切相关，且已利用分子标记对上述性状进行了基因定位（QTL）研究。旱稻品种改良也已取得重大进展。在进行抗旱品种改良的基础上，通过引进相应的栽培技术，节水种植，实现水稻旱作，并达到稳产与增产的目的，是抗旱性研究的战略目标。在增产、稳产和优质的前提下，以培育耐旱性极强的水稻（或旱稻）为中心，建立有代表性的抗旱性研究基地, 进一步加强稻属抗旱基因资源的发掘和创新、抗旱生理学和遗传学的研究、利用现代生物技术实现不同物种间抗旱基因的转移、建立节水种植栽培技术新体系是目前抗旱性研究的主要内容。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
水稻机械覆膜穴播节水栽培是集地膜覆盖，节水栽培，幼苗旱长，机械直播为一体的综合配套高产，高效，节水栽培新技术，实践证明该法种植水稻亩产比旱直播增产１０％－２０％，增效５％－１０％，亩节水３００－６００ｍ＾３。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
以适合寒地种植不同生育期的水稻品种(系)为试验材料,在苗期设置不同光质和光照度的LED灯光照射处理,研究光对寒地水稻秧苗生长的影响,以期为寒地在冬季实现室内培育水稻提供参考。结果表明,两种光质处理对水稻秧苗的影响相似;不同水稻品种对光的反应有所差异,但提高光照度后水稻秧苗有叶龄进程加快、根数增多、茎基变宽、地上部干质量和根干质量增加、壮苗指数提高的趋势,适当增加光照度有利于培育水稻壮苗。与对照相比,光照度1 700 lx左右时水稻秧苗素质较差,光照度3 500 lx左右时水稻秧苗素质相近,光照度5 300 lx左右时水稻秧苗素质显著提高。 相似文献
12.
系统分析了徐州水稻生产现状,针对水稻扩大面积难度大、品种不配套、轻简稻作熟期迟、种稻效益不高等影响因子,提出了实施旱改水,扩大水稻面积;更新配套品种,挖掘增产潜力;手栽改机插,推进全程机械化;严格控制直播,确保稻麦双高产;开展高产创建,增加示范带动效果等对策措施。 相似文献
13.
2012年在永泰梧桐镇推广早中稻—再生稻—冬马铃薯高产栽培模式,以挖掘当地耕地增产潜力,增加粮食总产,提高农民收入。通过示范、推广,探讨该模式的高产栽培技术措施。 相似文献
14.
于2009～2011年,在湖南长沙进行双季稻不同栽培方式（＂三定＂栽培、免耕摆栽、传统栽培）定位试验,研究了双季稻不同栽培方式对冬闲期稻田杂草生长及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：与传统栽培相比,＂三定＂栽培和免耕摆栽方式下冬闲期杂草的密度、单株干重和单位面积生物量以及土壤表层（0～5cm）的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均较高。其中,冬闲期杂草单位面积生物量、单株干重、单位面积密度与土壤表层碱解氮含量呈显著正相关关系,说明冬闲期杂草在双季稻稻田土壤养分循环中起了重要的作用。 相似文献
15.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):601-607
AbstractWe have studied establishment of cultivation technique of sweet sorghum for monosodium glutamate (MSG) production on dry land in Indonesia, where the supply of raw materials has become restrictive recently. Previously, we confirmed the feasibility of cultivation in this area during the rainy season. Meanwhile, cultivation during the dry season is also important because vast expanses of heretofore unirrigated fields have remained unused. The stem, which comprises internodes, is the main product of sweet sorghum used as a raw material by fermentation industries. This study analyzes differences in growth and yielding ability between dry and rainy seasons by comparing internode characteristics. A sweet sorghum cultivar – Wray – was cultivated in the rainy season from 1995 and in the dry season of 1996 in Madura Island of East Java, Indonesia. Stems of sweet sorghum cultivated during the dry season were shorter and lighter, with two fewer elongated internodes than those of plants raised during the rainy season. They accumulated sugar slower and to a lower peak, but they were inferred to be harvestable for a relatively long period during 30–60 days after anthesis. Through research of internode characteristics, the difference in stem length was inferred to result from differences in internode numbers (25%) and in individual internode length (75%). The difference in weight seemed to result mainly from the fewer elongated internodes. Further experiments must explore the cultivation period (sowing and ratoon crop), varieties, and planting density to establish a sweet-sorghum cultivation technique that is suitable for the dry season. 相似文献
16.
耕作方式对水稻光合及根系生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以9311为材料,对水稻垄作和传统耕作方式下的光合特性、根系特点和主要农艺性状进行了比较研究.结果表明,与传统耕作方式相比,垄作方式下水稻的光合速率(PN)、气孔导度(g.)和水分利用率(WUE)等光合参数的值均显著增大,根条数、根干重、根系活力和根系CAT、SOD、POD酶活性极显著提高,MDA含量极显著下降,分蘖数和有效穗数分别增加16.67％和33.98％.垄作主要通过改善根系吸收,增加分蘖和有效穗数及提高光合速率,达到增产的目的. 相似文献
17.
强化栽培对杂交中稻籽粒充实度的影响及其与源库结构的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以18个杂交中稻组合为材料,分别进行强化栽培和传统栽培两组试验,研究了源库结构与强化栽培的籽粒充实度之间的关系。结果表明,强化栽培的籽粒充实度与组合的着粒数关系密切,不同组合强化栽培与传统栽培籽粒充实度的差值（强化栽培-传统栽培）分别与强化栽培和传统栽培下各组合相应的着粒数呈极显著负相关。尽管在强化栽培条件下所有组合穗子变大使其叶粒比均有所下降,但中小穗型组合仍有足够的光合源保证籽粒的正常灌浆结实。与此相反,大穗型组合在强化栽培条件下因库的增大使源库矛盾进一步加剧,致使结实率、充实率和充实指数较传统栽培显著降低。在四川南部中稻区,传统栽培条件下的着粒数不超过173粒的中小穗型组合可作为强化栽培选择品种的参考指标。 相似文献
18.
Y. SinghV.P. Singh G. SinghD.S. Yadav R.K.P. SinhaD.E. Johnson A.M. Mortimer 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(1):64-74
The implications of adopting alternative seeding methods for rice and wheat establishment were examined at three geographically separate sites in the rice-wheat system of the Indo-Gangetic plains, across northern India. Rice yields in cultivated plots, established by either wet or dry seeding methods, were evaluated in comparison to yields from zero-tillage plots and under conventional transplanting methods. In the same trials, the effects of crop establishment methods in wheat were assessed both on wheat yields and rice yields. Rice crop establishment methods markedly influenced the emerging weed flora and attainable yields were measured in relation to intensity of weed management. Over four years, average rice grain yields in the absence of weed competition were greatest (6.56 t ha−1) under wet seeding (sowing pre-germinated rice seed on puddled soil), and similar to those from transplanted rice (6.17 t ha−1) into puddled soil, and dry seeded rice after dry soil tillage (6.15 t ha−1). Lowest yields were observed from dry seeded rice sown without tillage (5.44 t ha−1). Rice yield losses due to uncontrolled weed growth were least in transplanted rice (12%) but otherwise large (c. 85%) where rice had been sown to dry cultivated fields or to puddled soil, rising to 98% in dry seeded rice sown without soil tillage. Weed competition reduced multiple rice yield components, and weed biomass in wet seeded rice was six-fold greater that in rice transplanted into puddled soil and twice as much again in dry seeded rice sown either after dry tillage or without tillage. Wheat grain yields were significantly higher from crops sown into tilled soil (3.89 t ha−1) than those sown without tillage (3.51 t ha−1), and also were elevated (5% on average) where the soil had been dry cultivated in preparation for the previous rice crops rather than puddled. The method of wheat cultivation did not influence rice yield. Soil infiltration rates in the wheat season were least where the land had been puddled for rice (1.52 mm h−1), and greater where the soil had been dry-tilled (2.63 mm h−1) and greatest after zero-tillage (3.54 mm h−1).These studies demonstrated at research managed sites across a wide geographic area, and on farmers’ fields, that yields of dry seeded rice sown after dry cultivation of soil were broadly comparable with those of transplanted rice, providing weed competition was absent. These results support the proposition that direct seeding of rice could provide an alternative to the conventional practice of transplanting, and help address rising costs and threats to sustainability in the rice-wheat rotation. Further, analysis of patterns of long-term rainfall data indicated that farmers reliant on monsoon rainfall could prepare fields for dry direct seeded rice some 30 days before they could prepare fields for either transplanting or seeding with pre-germinated seed. Dry, direct seeding of rice contributes a valuable component of an adaptive strategy to address monsoonal variability that also may advance the time of wheat establishment and yield. Whilst the results illustrate the robustness, feasibility and significant potential of direct seeded rice, they also highlight the critical nature of effective weed control in successful implementation of direct seeding systems for rice. 相似文献
19.
Effects of Non-flooded Cultivation with Straw Mulching on Rice Agronomic Traits and Water Use Efficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the main foodstuffs of Chinese people. More than 30% crop field is used for rice cultivation in China. It provides 45% of crop yields in our country. However, the production of irrigated rice requires considerable water, up t… 相似文献
20.
甬优9号是由浙江省宁波市农科院作物所与宁波市种子有限公司用不育系甬粳2号A与恢复系K306093配组育成的籼粳交杂交水稻新品种,适宜福建省稻瘟病轻发区作中稻种植。介绍了甬优9号在福清市镜洋镇示范种植表现及抛秧高产栽培技术。 相似文献