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1.
饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖生长性能、肌肉质构指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)的生长性能、肌肉质构指标及肝脏相关基因表达的影响,实验采用双因素3×2因子试验设计,制成蛋白质水平分别为40%、45%和50%,脂肪水平分别为6%和9%的6组试验饲料,饲喂均重为(293.11±7.84)g的中华鳖,8周后测定相关指标。结果显示:饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖存活率无显著影响,但对增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和肝体比均有显著影响。随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,增重率和特定生长率均显著升高,45%和50%蛋白组增重率和特定生长率显著高于40%组,45%组饲料系数显著低于40%组,50%组的肝体比显著高于40%组。饲料脂肪含量对中华鳖生长性能无显著影响,9%脂肪组的肝体比显著高于6%组。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对肌肉水分和粗灰分含量无显著影响,肌肉蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白质水平的增加先显著升高,然后在45%时达到稳定水平。肌肉脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平增加显著升高。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对中华鳖四肢肌肉的回复性、弹性和凝聚性无显著影响,硬度、黏性和咀嚼性随着饲料蛋白质水平升高而显著升高,随着脂肪水平升高而显著下降。肝脏igf-I基因mRNA表达水平随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高,9%脂肪组的肝脏igf-I和lpl基因mRNA表达水平显著高于6%组。综合中华鳖生长性能及营养品质的试验结果,温室养殖条件下,中华鳖饲料适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为45%和6%。 相似文献
2.
以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源,豆油、鱼油为脂肪源,配制9种不同蛋白能量水平的饲料,蛋白质3个水平(38%、43%、49%),每个蛋白水平设3个脂肪梯度(6%、10%、14%),其蛋白能量比为19.3～27.4mg/kJ。卵形鲳鲹初始质量为(25.02±0.16)g,每个处理设3个重复,每个网箱(1.5 m×1.0 m×2.0m)放养卵形鲳鲹苗20尾,养殖试验持续8周。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹特定生长率随饲料蛋白水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05)。投喂含43%或49%蛋白质、6%脂肪饲料的卵形鲳鲹表现出较好的特定生长率。饲料中不同的脂肪水平未表现出蛋白质节约效应,较高的脂肪水平反而抑制了卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率。卵形鲳鲹鱼体蛋白和脂肪含量分别随饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的上升而显著升高(P<0.05)。在该试验条件下,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饲料中最适蛋白质、脂肪水平和蛋白能量比分别为43%、6%和24.4 mg/kJ。 相似文献
3.
饲料脂肪水平对江黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了饲料中脂肪水平对江黄颡鱼幼鱼(平均体重0.44g)生长性能的影响。实验共设5个水平组,饲料脂肪水平分别为3.77%,4.82%,7.29%,8.37%,9.87%。每组20尾,3个平行,饲养66d。结果显示:随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,江黄颡鱼幼鱼的饲料系数呈上升趋势,蛋白质效率则呈下降趋势,增重率和特定生长率呈抛物线变化,但饲料系数和蛋白质效率差异不显著(P0.05),增重率和特定生长率差异显著(P0.05)。江黄颡鱼幼鱼肝脏中脂肪的蓄积量随饲料中脂肪水平的增加而增加。综合各项指标并分析增重率、特定生长率与脂肪水平的回归性关系,可以推测江黄颡鱼幼鱼期的饲料脂肪水平应该维持在7.59%~7.65%。 相似文献
4.
《江西水产科技》2017,(5)
设计9组半精制饲料,蛋白水平25%、33%、42%,脂肪水平4%、9%、14%,探究花鳅饲料中蛋白和脂肪组合对花鳅生长性能的影响。实验结果表明设计饲料对花鳅体重、摄食率和肥满度无显著影响,对特定生长率和饲料系数存在显著影响;蛋白或者脂肪水平相同,一种含量由低升高,特定生长率逐步升高,饲料系数逐步降低,蛋白水平42%,脂肪水平14%组特定生长率最高(2.57±0.08),饲料系数最低(1.03±0.15)。采用双因素方差分析法研究蛋白和脂肪水平对花鳅特定生长率和饲料系数的影响,结果显示蛋白水平对特定生长率和饲料系数均有显著影响,而脂肪水平仅对特定生长率有显著影响。 相似文献
5.
饲料中脂肪含量对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼生长和消化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在水温29.0±1.0℃下,将140日龄、体质量8～10g的七彩神仙鱼(Symphysodon aequifasciata)幼鱼放入室内54cm×40cm×28era的水箱中,投喂以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源(粗蛋白45.0%)、以豆油为脂肪源配制的5种脂肪水平(10.21%、12.02%、17.17%、21.0%,和22.14%)的饲料.90d的饲养表明,七彩神仙幼鱼的成活率变化在96.67%～100.0%之间,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).随饲料中脂肪含量的增加,鱼的特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和增重率均先增加而后降低;摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼SGR、PER和增重率极显著地高于摄食含10.22%和22.14%脂肪饲料的鱼(P<0.001),而当鱼摄食含17.17%和21.05%脂肪的饲料时,SGR、PER和增重率与摄食含12.02%脂肪饲料的鱼差异不显著(P>0.05).当饲料中脂肪含量为12.02%时,鱼对饲料中蛋白质的消化率最高;摄食含脂肪为10.22%、12.02%和17.17%的饲料时,对饲料蛋白的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05).实验表明,七彩神仙鱼幼鱼饲料中适宜脂肪含量在12.02%～17.17%之间. 相似文献
6.
为探讨饲粮不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对圆斑星鲽生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响,以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,配制成蛋白水平为40%、45%、50%,脂肪水平为8%,12%,16%的9组试验饲料(分别表示为P40L8、P40L12、P40L16、P45L8、P45L12、P45L16、P50L8、P50L12、P50L16),每组设3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,经过83 d的饲养试验。结果表明,试鱼成活率不受饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响(P>0.05)。增重率、特定生长率和摄食率随脂肪水平的增加而显著降低(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼增重率较P40L16组高33.63%,特定生长率高31%。饲料效率随蛋白水平的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),P50L8组试鱼饲料效率较P40L8组高24.09%。P50L8组表现出最高的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率及摄食率。胃蛋白酶随蛋白水平的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。胰蛋白酶以P50L8组最高,显著高于P50L12组6.91%(P<0.05),和其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。胃脂肪酶随饲粮中蛋白水平的提高先降低后升高。肠脂肪酶以P50L8组最高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试鱼血清中总蛋白含量随饲粮蛋白水平的增加显著升高(P<0.05),P50L8组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均高于其他组,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。甘油三酯和总胆固醇以P50L8组最低,且显著低于P45L12和P45L16组(P<0.05),与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮脂肪水平增加未引起蛋白质节约作用,饲粮中蛋白质、脂肪、蛋能比和蛋白脂肪比分别为50%、8%、104.31mg/kcal和6.63时,可满足圆斑星鲽的较快生长及其生理需要。 相似文献
7.
《渔业科学进展》2015,(2)
为探讨饲粮不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对圆斑星鲽生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响,以鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,配制成蛋白水平为40%、45%、50%,脂肪水平为8%,12%,16%的9组试验饲料(分别表示为P40L8、P40L12、P40L16、P45L8、P45L12、P45L16、P50L8、P50L12、P50L16),每组设3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,经过83 d的饲养试验。结果表明,试鱼成活率不受饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响(P0.05)。增重率、特定生长率和摄食率随脂肪水平的增加而显著降低(P0.05),P50L8组试鱼增重率较P40L16组高33.63%,特定生长率高31%。饲料效率随蛋白水平的增加而显著增加(P0.05),P50L8组试鱼饲料效率较P40L8组高24.09%。P50L8组表现出最高的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率及摄食率。胃蛋白酶随蛋白水平的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势。胰蛋白酶以P50L8组最高,显著高于P50L12组6.91%(P0.05),和其他各组差异不显著(P0.05)。胃脂肪酶随饲粮中蛋白水平的提高先降低后升高。肠脂肪酶以P50L8组最高,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。试鱼血清中总蛋白含量随饲粮蛋白水平的增加显著升高(P0.05),P50L8组谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶均高于其他组,但各组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。甘油三酯和总胆固醇以P50L8组最低,且显著低于P45L12和P45L16组(P0.05),与其他组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮脂肪水平增加未引起蛋白质节约作用,饲粮中蛋白质、脂肪、蛋能比和蛋白脂肪比分别为50%、8%、104.31mg/kcal和6.63时,可满足圆斑星鲽的较快生长及其生理需要。 相似文献
8.
为研究34 ℃水温下吉富罗非鱼对饲料脂肪的需求量,选用初始体质量为(50.88±1.57) g的吉富罗非鱼360尾,随机分成6组(每组设3个重复,每重复20尾),饲喂脂肪含量分别为0.22%(对照组)、2.83%、4.98%、7.45%、9.23%和12.47%的6种纯化饲料,在34 ℃水温下饲养56 d后,测定并分析了吉富罗非鱼的生长性能、体成分、部分血清生化和肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性等指标。结果显示,随饲料脂肪水平升高,吉富罗非鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率与蛋白质保留率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数和摄食率呈现相反的趋势;12.47%实验组肝体比显著高于其他实验组,其他指标组间无显著性差异。饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼的成活率无显著影响。对照组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于其他实验组;当饲料脂肪含量为7.45%~12.47%时,肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组;肝脏粗脂肪含量在饲料脂肪含量为2.83%~9.23%时较对照组显著降低。血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇随饲料脂肪水平升高呈现先下降后上升的趋势;肝脏脂肪酶和脂蛋白酯酶活性随脂肪水平的增加呈上升趋势,在12.47%组达到最大值;肝脂酶的活性呈先上升再下降最后趋于稳定的趋势,在脂肪水平为2.83%时最高, 显著高于其他各组。经回归分析,在34 ℃水温下,吉富罗非鱼要获得最佳的增重率、蛋白质效率和最低饲料系数对饲料脂肪的需求量分别为4.92%、5.67%和6.49%。 相似文献
9.
为减少牛蛙饲料鱼粉使用量以降低养殖成本,研究了豆粕替代饲料中不同比例的鱼粉对牛蛙的生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活力和肝脏生化指标的影响。用豆粕分别替代0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料,每组饲料设3重复,养殖牛蛙60 d。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙摄食率、成活率、肝体指数、脏体指数、蛙体水分和灰分含量、蛙腿肌肉组成以及肝脏丙二醛含量的影响不显著;豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白质累积率;随豆粕替代鱼粉比例的提高,牛蛙的肥满度和后腿指数呈下降趋势,替代100%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙肥满度,替代60%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙后腿指数;替代80%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙全体粗蛋白的含量;牛蛙全体粗脂肪含量随替代鱼粉比例的提高呈上升的趋势,替代100%鱼粉组粗脂肪含量最高;随着替代比例的提高,牛蛙肠道蛋白酶的活力显著降低,而肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著提高。豆粕替代鱼粉显著影响肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力,其中超氧化物歧化酶活力最低值出现在替代80%鱼粉组,过氧化氢酶活力最低值出现在替代100%鱼粉组。基于以上实验结果,建议牛蛙饲料中豆粕可替代鱼粉的比例为60%~80%。 相似文献
10.
为探讨豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)生长性能、表观消化率、消化酶活性和肠道健康的影响,以基础饲料为对照,豆粕替代基础饲料中50%和100%的鱼粉形成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,分别记为FM、B1和B2组,饲喂初始体重为(40±0.3)g的牛蛙,进行为期30 d的摄食生长试验,测定增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、营养物质消化率、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶等指标。结果显示:各组间牛蛙成活率无显著差异;豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙的增重率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率,显著降低其对饲料干物质、蛋白质和总能的表观消化率。肠道消化酶分析结果显示,豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低了牛蛙空肠和回肠蛋白酶活性,B1和B2组牛蛙回肠脂肪酶活性显著低于FM组,淀粉酶活性显著高于FM组。对牛蛙肠道组织形态观察发现,豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度和柱状上皮高度显著降低。豆粕替代鱼粉后肠道促炎因子IL-1β、IL-17、IL-8和TNF-αmRNA的表达量显著升高。结果表明,牛蛙饲料中大量使用豆粕会对其生长和饲料利用产生负面的影响,并诱导肠道炎症发生。 相似文献
11.
饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本实验以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类大黄鱼[初始体质量(13.57±0.33)g]为研究对象,在浮式网箱中进行为期8周的摄食生长实验,探讨饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率对大黄鱼生长、体组成及脂肪沉积的影响。采用3×2双因子实验设计,其中饲料脂肪水平分别为9%、12%和15%,投喂频率分别为2次/天和1次/天。结果表明:投喂频率对大黄鱼特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)均有显著影响(P<0.05),而饲料脂肪水平仅对FER有显著影响(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼末体质量和SGR均显著高于1次/天投喂组,而饲料效率显著低(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪水平对SGR和FER没有显著影响(P>0.05)。而在1次/天投喂时,随着饲料脂肪水平的提高,SGR和FER均显著提高(P<0.05)。2次/天投喂组的大黄鱼全鱼水分含量显著低于1次/天投喂组,而粗脂肪含量显著高(P<0.05)。大黄鱼全鱼粗脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。然而在1次/天投喂时,饲料脂肪水平未对全鱼体粗脂肪含量产生显著影响(P>0.05)。大黄鱼的肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、肝体比(HSI)以及脏体比(VSI)受到了饲料脂肪水平的显著影响(P<0.05)。在2次/天投喂时,肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI随饲料脂肪水平的升高而显著增加(P<0.05);而在1次/天投喂时,各个饲料脂肪组大黄鱼肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量、HSI以及VSI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平和投喂频率仅对大黄鱼的生长、饲料效率的影响存在显著的交互作用(P<0.05),而对大黄鱼体组成、形态学指标以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪含量无显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。 相似文献
12.
Wei-Na Xu Wen-Bin Liu Mei-fang Shen Gui-Feng Li Ying Wang Wei-wei Zhang 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(3):687-697
We evaluated the effect of dietary protein and lipid on growth and body composition in juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Nine groups of crayfish were fed nine experimental diets containing three levels of protein (24, 27, and 30 %) and three levels of lipid (4, 7, and 10 %) for 8 weeks. We used a 3 × 3 factorial model with four replicates and 12 crayfish (initial average weight, 2.52 ± 0.04 g) per replicate. We measured weight gain ratio (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and body composition. WG and SGR were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary lipid but not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary protein. When grouped by lipid levels, the WG of crayfish fed diets containing 7 % lipid was higher than that of crayfish fed diets containing 4 or 10 % lipid. The diet containing 30 % protein and 7 % lipid promoted the most efficient growth (WG: 483.38 %, SGR: 3.14 % day?1). Dietary protein and lipid had no effect on condition factor or the viscous content (VC). Dietary protein, but not lipid, had a significant (P = 0.038) effect on the muscle content (MC). Crayfish fed a diet containing 27 % protein and 4 % lipid had the highest (P < 0.05) MC (16.16 %). Dietary protein levels also had a significant (P = 0.04) effect on the shell content (SC). SC was higher in crayfish fed a 30 % protein diet than in those fed 24 or 27 % protein. Proximate analysis suggested that crayfish fed a diet containing 27 % protein had a significantly higher nutritive composition than fish fed 24 or 30 % protein. Dietary protein also affected both whole body and muscle dry matter (DM) content. Similarly, both dietary protein and lipid affected whole-body crude lipid. Hepatopancreas DM, lipid content, and protein content were affected by dietary lipid. In conclusion, a diet containing 4–7 % lipid and 27 % protein with a protein to digestible energy ratio of 17–21 g protein·MJ?1 appeared optimal. 相似文献
13.
为了探讨高脂肪条件下不同的蛋白和能量水平对斑点叉尾鮰生长及体组成的影响,试验设2个蛋白水平(22%,28%),2个脂肪水平(10.0%,14.0%),2个消化能水平(12.56 kJ/g,14.23 kJ/g),共8组,分别为P28L10E14.23,P28L14E14.23,P22L10E14.23,P22L14E14.23,P28L10E12.56,P28L14E12.56,P22L10E12.56和P22L14E12.56。试验饲料配方使用鱼粉和豆粕调节蛋白含量,混合油脂(鱼油∶玉米油=1∶1)调节脂肪含量,α-淀粉、次粉和麸皮调节消化能含量,并以微晶纤维素为填充物,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼(141.5?1.0) g。饲养60 d后,进行生产性能测定,并采集组织样本,测定相关指标。结果表明,鱼体末重(FW)、增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)和饵料系数(FCR)不受饲料蛋白、脂肪和消化能单一营养水平影响(P>0.05);但与饲料蛋白、脂肪和消化能三者的交互作用(P<0.01)有关。胴体蛋白、脂肪含量与饲料脂肪和消化能水平相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲料过高脂肪和消化能对斑点叉尾鮰没有额外的促生长作用;饲料蛋白水平达到22%时,即可满足140~300 g斑点叉尾鮰的营养需要;饲料中22%的蛋白、10%的脂肪、12.56 kJ/g的消化能即可满足斑点叉尾鮰仔鱼的生长需要,同时又能保证其正常生理机能,建议可在实际生产配方中作参考值。 相似文献
14.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Spotted Halibut,Verasper variegatus 
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下载免费PDF全文 A 83‐d feeding experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus (initial average weight of 93.0 ± 1.0 g). Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (40, 45, and 50%), each with three lipid levels (8, 12% and 16%). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank in the indoor culture system. Results showed that the survival rate of fish was not significantly affected by protein and lipid levels (P > 0.05). Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary lipid levels (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency significantly increased while the feed conversion ration significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein levels (P < 0.05). Weight gain, SGR, FI, and feed efficiency of fish fed 50% protein and 8% lipid were significantly higher than that of the other groups. For each level of dietary lipid, the increase in dietary protein resulted in significant increases in whole‐body crude protein (CP) contents (P < 0.05); the increase in dietary lipid caused significant increases in whole‐body crude lipid content and gross energy at each protein level (P < 0.05). The muscle CP, lipid, and gross energy had the same tendency. The results of this study indicated that increasing dietary lipid levels did not result in a protein‐sparing effect. It could be recommended that the proper dietary protein and lipid levels of spotted halibut were 50 and 8%, respectively. 相似文献
15.
大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长及生理生化指标的影响。5种饲料分别含有0、12.0%、25.0%、37.0%和49.5%的SPC以替代相应的鱼粉,并分别添加0、0.83%、1.65%、2.48%和3.30%的必需氨基酸混合物(L-lysine∶DL-methionine∶L-leucine∶Lvaline∶L-threonine=18∶6∶3∶2.5∶2)以平衡各组饲料的氨基酸组成。每种饲料投喂3个水族箱(300 L),每个水族箱放养实验鱼16尾,实验鱼初始体质量为(31.1±0.1)g。经过9周生长实验,结果显示随着饲料中SPC替代水平的升高,大菱鲆摄食率、特定生长率均显著下降(P0.001)。然而,当使用0~37.0%的SPC替代鱼粉时,各处理组饲料效率和蛋白质效率未出现显著差异(P0.05)。饲料中SPC替代鱼粉对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。各处理组干物质和粗蛋白的表观消化率之间也未出现显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,在本实验条件下SPC不能作为大菱鲆饲料中替代鱼粉的有效蛋白源,造成SPC替代效果较差的主要原因是其对大菱鲆饲料适口性的显著影响。 相似文献
16.
Preeda Phumee Roshada Hashim Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko & Alexander Chong Shu-Chien 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(4):456-463
Dietary protein and lipid effects on growth, body composition and indices of iridescent Shark Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878) fry were studied using a 4 × 2 factorial design. Triplicate groups of 10 fish per tank, with initial mean weights of 3.54–3.85 g were fed eight isocaloric diets comprising a combination of four protein levels (250, 300, 350 and 400 g kg−1 or 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%) and two lipid levels (60 and 120 g kg−1 or 6% and 12%) respectively. The fish were hand-fed to satiety twice daily for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed significant effects ( P <0.05) with variations in dietary protein and lipid. The highest SGR was observed in fish fed 40% protein/12% lipid diet but this value was not significantly ( P >0.05) different from the fish fed 30% protein/12% lipid diet. The FCR was lowest for the 40/12 diet and differed significantly only with the 25/6, 25/12 and 30/6 treatments respectively. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) was significantly affected by the level of protein, but intraperitoneal fat (IPF) showed significant variation due to dietary lipid level. The HSI significantly ( P <0.05) decreased when dietary protein increased from 25% to 30% but increased marginally thereafter. The IPF values increased with increased dietary lipid but decreased with increased dietary protein. Body protein was positively correlated with dietary protein content; conversely, body lipid content decreased with increase in dietary protein. The results of this experiment indicate the presence of a protein-sparing effect of lipid as fish fed 30% protein/12% lipid diet had growth and feed utilization comparable to those fed 40% protein/12% lipid diet. 相似文献
17.
Serge‐Eric Monentcham Victor Pouomogne Patrick Kestemont 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e438-e445
In order to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of Heterotis niloticus fingerlings, a factorial experiment with three replicates was conducted. Six experimental diets containing three crude protein levels (28%, 32% and 36%) and two crude lipid levels (6% and 13%) were tested. Heterotis niloticus (2.34 g) were fed with the diets to apparent satiation, twice a day. For 56 days, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein retention (PR) were significantly affected by dietary protein and dietary lipid levels respectively (P<0.01). The highest WG, SGR and FE were observed for fingerlings fed the diet containing 36% protein and 6% lipid, but no significance difference was found between groups fed with the following diets: P28L13 (28% protein and 13% lipid), P32L6, P32L13 and P36L13. A significant interaction between dietary protein and lipid was observed for WG, SGR, FE and PR. The whole‐body protein, lipid, moisture and ash content were not significantly affected by dietary lipid levels, but body protein and lipid content were significantly affected by dietary protein. The dietary protein‐sparing effect was clearly demonstrated when the dietary energy of lipid increased from 17 to 19.6 kJ g?1 at 28% crude protein on H. niloticus. 相似文献
18.
Jiao Li Liwei Liu Xu-Fang Liang Xiaochen Yuan Jie Li Bin Li Qingchao Wang Jinguang Fang Min Xue Jia Wang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(2):297-307
This study was undertaken to explore the systemic metabolic strategies of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to maintain growth when fed with different dietary protein levels. The optimal growth group and two growing discomfort groups were selected through the basic data, to explain the growth difference from appetite regulation and lipid and glucose metabolism perspective. Three experimental diets were formulated with three dietary protein levels at 200.3, 296.1 and 442.9 g kg?1, named P1, P2 and P3, respectively. Juvenile grass carp (initial body weight 12.28 ± 0.14 g) were fed with three diets with 3 replications per dietary treatment in an indoor recirculation system for an 8-week feeding trial. Fish fed with diet P2 dietary group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, FI and PER than other groups. Compared with other groups, mRNA expressions of NPY, Y8a and Y8b in fish fed with P2 significantly down-regulated, while the expressions of CCK and CART in fish fed with P3 significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). With increasing dietary protein levels, G6Pase, GK, PK and PEPCK were all significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). For lipid metabolism, the mRNA expression of ACC in P1 dietary group was significantly higher than P3 dietary group; besides, LPL expression in P3 group was significantly higher than other two groups (P < 0.05). PPARα expression in P2 was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). These results suggested that grass carp fed with P2 (296.1 g kg?1 protein level) showed highest weight gain, contributed to more balanced nutrient metabolism and appetite regulation. Too high dietary protein (442.9 g kg?1) should be avoided because it induced lowest PER, body lipid and liver lipid, and inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism in juvenile grass carp. 相似文献