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新型蛋白源替代鱼粉对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体成分和血液学指标的影响 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
以新型蛋白源（大豆浓缩蛋白、脱酚棉籽蛋白、喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉等）和脱脂鱼粉为原料,通过调节饲料氨基酸水平,配制出5种等氮等能的饲料D0、D17、D35、D52和D69,养殖星斑川鲽,初始体重为（75.6±0.18） g。其中D0（添加58%脱脂鱼粉）为对照组,D17、D35、D52和D69分别为新型蛋白源替代配方中17%、35%、52%和69%的鱼粉用量。每组饲料设3个平行,共养殖60 d。结果表明：对照组(D0)增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)分别为141.84%、229.88%和1.47%/d。与D0组相比,D69组WGR、PER和SGR显著降低（P<0.05）,分别为107.77%、186.37%和1.22%/d ,D17、D35和D52组与D0组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组(D0)饲料系数(FCR)为0.80,D69组FCR为0.98,差异显著(P<0.05);D17、D35和D52组与D0组FCR无显著差异(P>0.05)。随新型蛋白源替代鱼粉量的增加,鱼体消化道指数(DTI)逐渐增大,D0组为2.01%,显著小于D69组(P<0.05)。各组间的肥满度(CF)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。全鱼或肌肉中蛋白质和脂肪含量各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。全鱼中灰分含量随鱼粉替代量的增加呈增大趋势;红细胞数目、白细胞数目、血红蛋白含量及血清蛋白含量在各组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但血细胞比容和溶菌酶活力随新型蛋白源替代鱼粉量的增加呈不同程度的降低。本试验条件下,在星斑川鲽幼鱼配合饲料生产中可用新型蛋白源适当替代鱼粉而不影响养殖对象的生长。 相似文献
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本研究旨在评价核糖蛋白替代大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)饲料中鱼粉的潜力。采用单因素实验设计,设6个鱼粉替代水平。对照饲料(D1)中鱼粉含量为45%,通过添加核糖蛋白替代D1组饲料中鱼粉的0.5%(D2)、1%(D3)、2%(D4)、3%(D5)和4%(D6)。实验期间,每天分2次按饱食量投喂初始体重为(24.00±0.30)g大菱鲆幼鱼56 d。结果显示,幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率随着核糖蛋白替代水平的变化呈先上升后下降趋势,均在D3组达到最高值,显著高于D5和D6组(P<0.05);饲料系数则呈相反趋势,在D3组达到最低值,显著低于D6组(P<0.05)。各替代组幼鱼血清胰岛素生长因子(IGF-1)和生长激素(GH)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);核糖蛋白替代1%~3%的鱼粉后,显著提高了幼鱼肠道胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);幼鱼肠道α-淀粉酶活性在D4和D5组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);饲料中添加核糖蛋白替代鱼粉显著降低了幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。各替代组幼鱼血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);D3组溶菌酶活性显著高于D6组(P<0.05);各组间幼鱼血清白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但各替代组均显著提高了幼鱼血清白介素β1(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,D4~D6组血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白在D5和D6组显著降低(P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白在D4组显著升高(P<0.05)。血糖浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,D3组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。攻毒实验结果显示,D2组大菱鲆幼鱼48 h累积死亡率最低为56.45%。研究表明,饲料中添加核糖蛋白替代1%鱼粉时,大菱鲆幼鱼生长、消化酶活力及鱼体的免疫能力和抗细菌感染能力均达到最高。 相似文献
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饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以鱼粉为蛋白源,配制5个不同蛋白质水平(34.85%,40.48%,46.54%,51.54%,56.69%)的等能饲料.以初始体质量为(54.52±0.23)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)为实验对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行54 d的摄食生长实验,研究饲料蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血浆生化指标的影响.结果显示:(1)增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而上升,51.54%和56.69%饲料组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其余各组差异显著(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质效率(PER)显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);51.54%饲料组的蛋白质沉积率(PRE)也显著高于34.85%、46.54%和56.69%组(P<0.05),但与40.48%饲料组差异不显著(P>0.05).以增重率为参考指标,折线回归分析结果表明,星斑川鲽幼鱼获得最佳增重时对饲料中蛋白质的需要量为53.56%.(2)饲料不同蛋白水平对星斑川鲽幼鱼鱼体灰分含量没有显著影响,但显著影响了鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分的含量(P<0.05).51.54%饲料组鱼体粗蛋白含量最高,显著高于34.85%组(P<0.05),而与40.48%、46.54%和56.69%组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);鱼体粗脂肪含量随着饲料蛋白水平的升高而下降,水分含量表现出与粗脂肪含量相反的趋势.(3)饲料蛋白含量对星斑川鲽幼鱼部分血浆生化指标也产生了显著性的影响.血浆总蛋白(TP)以51.54%组最高,与56.69%组差异不显著(P>0.05),,但显著高于34.85%、40.48%和46.54%组(P<0.05);40.48%、51.54%和56.69%组间血浆尿素氮(BUN)含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于34.85%和46.54%组(P<0.05).综合以上结果,星斑川鲽饲料中蛋白质适宜添加量为51.54%～53.56%. 相似文献
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选取平均初始体重为15.05±0.04g的星斑川鲽幼鱼540尾,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%乳制品-酵母益生元的试验饲料,实验期56d。结果表明：1）饲料中添加乳制品-酵母益生元可显著提高星斑川鲽幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、摄食率(DFI)、蛋白质效率(PER)及肥满度(CF)(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.05),但对星斑川鲽幼鱼的脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)无显著影响(P>0.05)。2）饲料中添加乳制品-酵母益生元显著提高了星斑川鲽幼鱼血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、抗超氧阴离子自由基(O2-?)的活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),显著提高星斑川鲽幼鱼肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),同时显著降低了血清和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05)。本研究条件下,饲料中添加乳制品-酵母益生元可提高星斑川鲽幼鱼的生长性能及抗氧化能力,以特定生长率为评价指标,二次回归分析得出星斑川鲽幼鱼饲料中乳制品-酵母益生元的适宜添加量为1.32%。 相似文献
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大豆浓缩蛋白对中华鲟幼鱼生长、血脂和体成分的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别用大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)替代饲料中0(R0,对照组),15%(R15),30%(R30)和45%(R45)的鱼粉蛋白,配制成4组等氮等能饲料,喂养(58.00±2.69)g中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼10周,每组设3个重复,研究SPC对中华鲟幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率,以及血脂和体成分的影响。结果显示,随替代比例的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率(FE)和蛋白质效率(PER)逐渐降低,肥满度和肝体指数无显著性差异(P>0.05)。FE在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05),WG、SGR和PER在R45组出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著变化(P>0.05),胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三脂(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量逐渐降低。CHOL、TG和LDL-C含量在R30组出现显著差异(P<0.05)。随替代比例的增加,肌肉和肝脏水分逐渐升高,脂肪逐渐降低,蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。R30和R45组的肌肉和肝脏水分含量显著高于R0组(P<0.05),脂肪含量显著低于R0组(P<0.05)。结果表明:在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用、血脂和体成分等指标,中华鲟幼鱼饲料中SPC替代鱼粉蛋白的比例可达30%。 相似文献
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配制5种等氮、等能的饲料,D1组以全鱼粉作为蛋白源,D2、D3组分别用脱脂豆粕替代10%和20%鱼粉,D4组以啤酒酵母粉替代10%鱼粉,D5组以玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉,投喂体质量30～38g的幼鱼5周,研究3种蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大规格军曹鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响。试验结果表明,各组存活率差异不显著(P0.05);D3组体质量、质量增加率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和特定生长率均显著低于D1组(P0.05),而其他各组无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于D1、D5组(P0.05),肌肉灰分含量则显著高于其他组(P0.05);其他各组全鱼和肌肉常规营养成分无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组肝体指数显著低于其他组(P0.05),各组的脏体指数、肝脏脂肪含量和肥满度均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果提示,3种蛋白均可替代饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白而不产生显著影响,但替代比例达到20%,就可能对大规格幼鱼的生长、饲料利用、体成分和健康产生不良影响。 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)有氧发酵豆粕的肽类和活菌等含量丰富,为研究其替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼的养殖效果,配制鱼粉含量为50%的大口黑鲈基础饲料,在基础饲料中用芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕分别替代0、10%、20%、30%和40%的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮、等能实验饲料进饲养实验。实验共分5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼[初始体重为(19.83±0.33) g]。采用表观饱食投喂饲养75 d。结果显示,20%和30%实验组增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但饲料效率、存活率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),20%的替代组增重率及饲料效率皆出现最大值;各实验组之间肥满度和肝体比均无显著差异(P>0.05),但替代组脏体比出现下降的趋势,且当替代量超过30%时,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。血清白蛋白含量各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),替代组总蛋白和球蛋白的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力随鱼粉替代量的增加而显著升高,10%组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他各替代组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对肠道组织结构的研究结果显示,40%组前肠肠绒毛密度和肠壁厚度均显著低于对照组;30%前肠绒毛高度和宽度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。10%组中肠肠壁厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他各实验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);20%和40%组中肠绒毛密度和高度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各实验组的后肠肠壁厚度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但30%组绒毛高度和宽度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,芽孢杆菌有氧发酵豆粕替代20%的鱼粉不会影响大口黑鲈的生长性能和体质,对其肠道健康有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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本实验以大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼[(39.69±0.25) g]为研究对象,探究由裂壶藻(Schizochytrium sp.)和拟微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.)组成的混合微藻替代鱼油对幼鱼生长性能、体组成、肠道消化水平及抗氧化能力的影响,以确定混合微藻替代鱼油的适宜比例。通过在基础饲料中添加不同比例的混合微藻,分别替代0、25%、50%和100%的鱼油,制成4组等氮等脂的实验饲料(分别命名为D1、D2、D3和D4),每组饲料设3个重复,实验周期为12周。结果显示,随替代比例的提高,大菱鲆幼鱼的增重率(WGR)和饲料效率(FE)呈下降趋势,D1、D2和D3组的特定生长率(SGR)和FE无显著性差异,但均显著高于D4组(P<0.05);肝体比(HSI)在D1组达到最大值,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);存活率(SR)和肥满度(CF)在各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着混合微藻替代鱼油比例的升高,全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且D4组显著低于D1组(P<0.05);大菱鲆幼鱼鱼体中C20:4n-6和n-6 PUFA含量显著升高,在D4组均达到最大值,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。而EPA、DHA和n-3 PUFA含量随之显著下降,对照组(D1)含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);肌肉中C20:4n-6和DHA含量在不同实验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),EPA和n-3 PUFA含量呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05)。肠道脂肪酶活力在D3组达到最大值,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肠道胰蛋白酶活力也是在D3组最高,但与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与D1组相比,D3组肠道中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)活力和补体C3含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。肠道中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力随替代比例的提高呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在D3组达到最大值,显著高于D1组(P<0.05),而肠道中丙二醛(MDA)含量在不同实验组间并未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,混合微藻替代50%的鱼油并不会对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能产生负面影响,同时可以提高肠道的消化性能、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫能力。 相似文献
10.
选取蛹肽蛋白分别替代大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料中0、15%、30%、45%、60%、75%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的饲料饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼(19.84±0.04 g)56 d,以研究蛹肽蛋白替代鱼粉的效果。结果显示,大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率随替代水平的升高而降低,30%及以上替代组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪水平随替代水平的升高而降低,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著降低,鱼体水分和灰分含量随替代的升高而升高,分别在75%和30%及以上替代组显著升高(P<0.05)。摄食率随替代水平升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,在30%替代组呈现出最高的摄食率,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料干物质的表观消化率在42.53%-54.36%之间,且当替代水平达到75%时显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而蛋白质表观消化率在71.67%-86.89%之间,仅45%和75%替代组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各替代组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于对照组,在45%和60%替代组出现显著性差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,蛹肽蛋白可以替代大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中15%的鱼粉而不影响其生长摄食、饲料利用以及与消化、代谢、免疫相关的酶的活性。 相似文献
11.
Assessing the Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Hydrolyzed Soy Protein on the Growth,Nutrient Retention,Body Composition,and Serum Hormone of Juvenile Starry Flounder,Platichthys stellatus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Zhidong Song Jiying Wang Hongjin Qiao Limin Zhang Peiyu Li 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(2):230-238
Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein has the potential to be an excellent protein source in marine fish feeds. Here we assessed the effects of different inclusion levels of hydrolyzed soy protein (HSP) on growth performance, nutrient retention, body composition, and serum hormone levels in juvenile starry flounder to define HSP utilization. Five isoenergetic and isoprotein diets were formulated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% HSP (SP10–40) to replace 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% soy protein concentrate (SPC), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed diets SP20 and SP30 had significantly increased weight gain, percent weight gain, and feed efficiency (FE) compared with fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Diets SP20 and SP30 supported significantly higher levels of protein retention, and diet SP20 significantly increased energy retention (P < 0.05) in the fish offered these diets. In terms of nutritional composition of whole fish, feeding diets SP20 and SP30 increased crude protein content (P < 0.05) and diets SP10, SP20, and SP30 increased ash content (P < 0.05). Fish fed diets SP20 and SP30 had higher serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) level than that of the control treatment (P < 0.05). When SPC was included at 40% of the diet, 20–30% HSP (43% soluble nitrogen) is recommended to replace 50–75% SPC for maximal growth performance and FE of starry flounder. 相似文献
12.
Partial or total replacement of fishmeal by solvent-extracted cottonseed meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effect of solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal (SCSM) as a partial or total replacement of fishmeal was studied in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six experimental diets SCSM0, SCSM25, SCSM50, SCSM75, SCSM75A and SCSMT, containing a gradient of SCSM 0, 152, 305, 465, 460 and 610 g kg?1 to replace 0, 112.5, 225, 337.5, 337.5 and 450 g kg?1 fishmeal protein were fed to triplicate groups (initial body weight of 39.2 ± 0.1 g) for 8 weeks. The diet SCSM75A was supplemented with lysine and methionine, to be similar to SCSM0 for juvenile rainbow trout. Faeces were colleted after 4 weeks of normal feeding for apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy determination. Total replacement of fishmeal adversely affected growth performance. Fish fed with diet SCSMT had significantly (P < 0.05) lower weight gain, specific growth ratio, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio than fish fed with other diets. The FCE of SCSM75 and SCSM75A were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed with SCSM0 diets. The ADC of the dry matter of SCSM75 and SCSMT were significantly lower than the SCSM0 diet, and the ADC of crude protein and the energy of SCSMT were the lowest (P < 0.05). The ADC of threonine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and methionine of fish fed with diet SCSMT were lower. Lysine and methionine supplement positively affected the ADC of SCS75A diet. There were no significant differences in the fish body composition. It is shown that SCSM can be utilized in the juvenile rainbow trout diet up to 305 g kg?1, to replace about 50% of fishmeal protein in this experiment. 相似文献
13.
Potential of using rendered animal ingredients, poultry by‐product meal (PM), meat and bone meal (MBM), feather meal (FM) and blood meal (BM) to replace fishmeal in practical diets for cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides (Chu, Lo et Wu) was examined in a net pen experiment. A total of 10 dietary treatments were compared. Nine diets were formulated to contain 363 g kg−1 digestible protein and 14.8 MJ kg−1 digestible energy, and a dietary treatment consisting of raw fish (RF) served as reference. In the formulated diets, the control diet contained 350 g kg−1 herring meal, whereas in the other eight diets, the fishmeal were replaced by MBM (30% fishmeal replacement), PM (50% fishmeal replacement), a blend of PM, MBM, FM and BM (30%, 50% and 80% fishmeal replacement), or a blend of PM, MBM and BM (30%, 50% and 80% fishmeal replacement), respectively. Cuneate drum fingerling (initial body weight 28 g) were fed the test diets for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR), final body weight (FBW), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor and contents of moisture, crude protein and crude lipid in carcass were not significantly different between fish fed the formulated diets. Fish fed the formulated control diet exhibited lower SGR and FBW, but higher FCR, NRE, hepatosomatic index and crude lipid content in carcass and liver than those of the fish fed the RF. Results of the present study indicate that combination of rendered animal protein ingredients can replace most of the fishmeal in practical diets for cuneate drum. 相似文献
14.
Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth,feed utilization and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Yuyu Wang Shiliang Yu Yueyang Wang Jianfang Che Liping Zhao Xianyong Bu Yuhong Yang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3145-3155
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) on growth, feed utilization, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) excretion of juvenile Pseudobagrus ussuriensis (initial average weight 0.50 ± 0.00 g). Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain SBM to replace fish meal protein at 0% (S0), 10% (S10), 20% (S20), 30% (S30), 40% (S40), 50% (S50) and 60% (S60) respectively. To investigate the effects of supplementation with crystalline amino acid to balance diet S60, one diet was formulated to add 0.30% methionine (SM60). The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain among fish fed S0, S10, S20, S30 and S40 diets, however, a significant reduction in this variable occurred when 50% and 60% of fish meal protein was replaced by SBM (P < 0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus of diets were affected by dietary SBM levels. N and P excretion indicate that fish meal replacement by SBM led to an increase in N excretion, but led to a reduction in P excretion. No differences were detected in growth, feed utilization and N and P excretion between fish feed diets S60 and SM60. The results of this study show that 40% of fish meal protein could be replaced by SBM in diets of juvenile P. ussuriensis without having a significant negative effect on growth or feed efficiency, but that higher dietary SBM levels reduce fish performance. 相似文献
15.
R.O.A. OZÓRIO B.G.S. TURINI G.V. MÔRO L.S.T. OLIVEIRA L. PORTZ J.E.P. CYRINO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):276-283
A feeding‐and‐digestibility trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of replacing fishmeal with brewers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in diets of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, juveniles. The feeding trial was conducted during 54 days with 450 fish (26.6 ± 1.7 g) testing six isonitrogenous (270 g kg?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (19 MJ kg?1 crude energy) diets, with increasing yeast level to replace 0 (control), 30, 35, 50, 70 or 100% of dietary fishmeal. Growth performance and feed utilization increased with increasing dietary yeast level until 50% fishmeal replacement. Protein retention efficiency was higher in fish fed 35 and 50%. Protein digestibility and the fillet hue (the red/green chromaticity) were not significantly different among all treatments. Nitrogen gains were significantly improved in fish fed 35% replacement diet compared to fish fed the control diet. The retentions of indispensable amino acids tended to increase with increasing dietary yeast levels, with maximum retention at 35–50%. On the basis of our results, replacing 50% fishmeal by yeast in pacu diets successfully improved feed efficiency and growth performance, and reduced nitrogen losses, thereby reducing the nitrogen outputs from fish farms. 相似文献
16.
Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of several soybean products as constituents in diets for the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (L.). In a preliminary experiment, the fish were fed six diets containing different levels of solvent extracted soybean meal as a replacement for white fishmeal at four substitution levels: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the fishmeal protein component. The diets supported less growth as the inclusion of soybean meal increased. However, significant reductions in growth were apparent at the 30% substitution level. All growth parameters followed the same trend. In the second experiment, six diets with 35% of the total protein contributed from differently processed soybean meals were tested. The products included three industrial full-fat meals heat processed for different periods, a solvent extracted meal and a soya protein concentrate. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all the experimental diets. All growth parameters of the fish fed the underheated full-fat meal, solvent extracted meal and soya concentrate were significantly lower than the control group. Protein digestibility coefficients were similar with no statistical differences (P < 0.05). 相似文献
17.
Deyab M. S. D. El-Saidy Magdy M. Gaber Ahmed SA. Abd-Elshafy 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(3):311-319
Abstract— A12-wk feeding experiment was conducted to study the feasibility of utilizing cluster bean seed meal (CBM) as a replacement for fishmeal in the diets for common carp Cyprnus carpio fingerlings. The replacement levels of cluster bean meal protein in the diets were 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the total fishmeal protein. All diets were isonitrogenous at 33.1% crude protein and isocaloric at 4.8 Kcal/g. There were significant differences in the final individual weights, weight gains, specific growth rates (SGR %/d), feed conversion ratios (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratios (PER), and feed intake among fish group ( P × 0.05). Common carp fed the diet containing 50% (CBM) exhibited comparable growth to those fed a fishmeal-based diet. Digestibility of protein, energy and lipid decreased with increasing levels of CBM above 50% of total fishmeal replacement in the diet. Incorporation of CBM in diets significantly affected the dry matter, protein, and energy of whole fish body. These results suggest that CBM can replace 50% of the fishmeal in diet for common carp. 相似文献
18.
为研究橡胶籽油替代豆油对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、消化酶活性、血脂水平、蛋白质代谢及抗氧化功能的影响,分别以橡胶籽油替代0(对照组)、25%、50%、75%和100%豆油配制5种等氮等能饲料,进行10周饲养实验。实验显示,0~50%替代组草鱼增重率、日增重系数显著高于100%替代组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代豆油比例的升高,饲料系数呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中,25%替代组饲料系数最低,显著低于50%~100%替代组(P<0.05);25%替代组蛋白质效率最高,显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代比例的升高,肠道胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中,25%替代组脂肪酶活性最高,显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),50%替代组胰蛋白酶活性最高,显著高于对照组、75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。0~50%替代组肝胰脏胰蛋白酶活性显著高于75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。25%~100%替代组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着橡胶籽油替代比例的升高,肝胰脏天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中,25%替代组AST、ALT活性最低,显著低于对照组和100%替代组(P<0.05)。0~25%替代组血浆总抗氧化力(TAC)显著低于75%和100%替代组(P<0.05)。对照组血浆、肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于100%替代组(P<0.05)。由此可知,橡胶籽油替代25%~50%豆油对草鱼生长性能、饲料利用率、血脂水平、抗氧化功能指标均无不良影响;但替代超过50%时显著降低草鱼生长性能和消化酶活性。 相似文献
19.
Manuela Rondán M D Hernández M A Egea Benjamín García Miguel Jover Francisco M Rueda & Francisco J Martínez 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(13):1220-1227
The effect of replacing fishmeal with soybean meal in the diet and also partial dietary protein replacement with carbohydrates, on sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) total lipid fatty acid profile was studied. A group of sharpsnout sea bream of 200 g were fed a diet containing either 0%, 20%, 40% or 60% of protein from soybean meal. In a second experiment, fish (126 g) were fed diets with reduced protein and increased carbohydrate percentages. Fishmeal replacement with soybean meal increases the fish polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content, mainly due to linoleic acid, which is present in high quantities in soya. But as a consequence, the inclusion of soybean meal produces a significant decrease of the n‐3/n‐6 relationship (from 2.21±0.07 to 1.66±0.05). Replacement of protein with carbohydrate hardly modifies the diet fatty acid profile. As the fishmeal content decreases, there is a slight reduction of saturated fatty acids, the diet with lowest protein percentage having the highest monounsaturated fatty acids and lowest PUFA proportions. Fat quality indices are similar to those reported in previous studies, and in the case of fish under soy‐containing diets, they are favourables. However, fishmeal replacement causes a loss of n‐3 fatty acids that is important to compensate using other sources rich in this type of fatty acids. 相似文献
20.
The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) pretreated with phytase on feeds of juvenile rainbow trout was evaluated
in a 90-day feeding trial. The rainbow trout (initial body weight, 4.01 ± 0.02 g) were fed five isonitrogenous (crude protein,
44.97%) and isolipidic (crude lipid, 13.42%) feeds. Diets were formulated to contain phytase-pretreated SBM replacing 0, 20,
40, 60 and 80% of fish meal protein, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in weight gain
(WG) among fish fed S0, S20, S40 and S60 diets; however, a significant reduction of this variable occurred when 80% of fish
meal protein was replaced by phytase-treated SBM (P < 0.05). Similarly, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio had a similar trend with WG. Apparent digestibility
coefficient (ADC) of protein and lipid in the S80 diet was significantly lower than that of the other diets, and the ADC of
phosphorus significantly increased with the increase of dietary phytase-treated SBM level. No significant differences among
treatments were detected for moisture, protein, lipid and ash content in whole body and muscle samples. Nitrogen and phosphorus
excretion indicated that fish meal replacement by phytase-treated SBM led to an increase in nitrogen excretion, but led to
a reduction in total phosphorus excretion. The results of the present study show that 60% of fish meal could be replaced by
phytase-treated SBM in diets of juvenile rainbow trout without compromising weight gain or feed efficiency. A quadratic equation
according to regression analysis of weight gain against dietary phytase-treated SBM level indicated that the optimal level
of dietary phytase-treated SBM replacement for maximum growth was 26.90%. 相似文献