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底栖硅藻营养丰富,是仿刺参养殖中重要的食物来源。分离获得单株底栖硅藻半裸舟形藻,并对影响其生长的pH、光照度、氮磷比、玉米素等环境条件进行优化。试验结果显示,培养基的最适初始pH 8.0,最佳光照度2500 lx,玉米素的最适添加质量浓度1.0 mg/L,最佳氮磷比12.5。在此条件下,半裸舟形藻的比生长速率和细胞密度相对最高,积累的生物量最多。通过饲养试验研究半裸舟形藻对仿刺参幼参生长、消化和免疫功能的影响。试验共设3组,分别为商业饲料处理组、筒柱藻处理组和半裸舟形藻处理组。饲养试验共持续30 d,每10 d取样测定仿刺参的消化酶和免疫酶活性。结果表明,与筒柱藻和商业饲料相比,半裸舟形藻不但能够促进仿刺参生长,还可以更有效地提升仿刺参的消化酶和免疫酶活性。这表示饲喂半裸舟形藻对仿刺参的益生效果更明显,可以更有效地提升仿刺参的消化功能和免疫应答,抑制氧化损伤,提高磷酸酶响应能力和机体防御能力。试验结果可为底栖硅藻的培养和在仿刺参养殖中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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海产底栖硅藻的固定化培养研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了底栖硅藻双点舟形藻（Ｎａｖｉｃｕｌａｄｉｓｉｐａｔａ）固定在藻酸盐胶珠中的生长情况。研究结果表明，底栖硅藻的固定化培养可以增加藻的生长附着面积，提高藻的生长量。固定化培养后贮存３０－３６０天，藻细胞都能较好地复活生长。因此，固定化培养技术可应用于海产底栖硅藻的扩种生产和保种培养中 相似文献
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不同单胞藻饵料培养九孔鲍早期稚贝的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以单种培养的6种底栖硅藻和具有底栖习性的亚心形扁藻(Platymoras sp.)为饵料,培养九孔鲍(Haliotis diversi-color supertexta)受精后12 d的早期稚贝并观察其生长和存活,培养期为28 d,目的是筛选能维持早期稚贝高存活率和生长率的藻种。实验结果表明,培养稚贝成活率最高的3个藻种由大到小依次是爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种(Achnanthes javanica var.)、流水双眉藻(Amphora fluninensis)和亚历山大菱形藻(Nitzschia alexandrina),使稚贝生长最快的3个藻种由大到小依次是流水双眉藻、爪哇曲壳藻亚缢变种和亚历山大菱形藻。研究结果揭示了适宜的底栖硅藻种类对鲍早期稚贝阶段生长和存活的重要性。个体小或者胞外产物量大的藻类很可能对九孔鲍早期稚贝的培养是有利的。 相似文献
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两种方法培育的仿刺参幼参(Apostichopus japonicus)越冬期的成活率与生长 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
2005年11月至2006年4月，将室外土池培育（简称土池苗）和室内工厂化培育的仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）幼参（简称工厂苗）放养在室外池塘和蓄水池的网箱中，比较了越冬成活率和生长速度，测定了水质变化。经113d的越冬后，土池苗和工厂苗体重分别增加了79．2％和93．0％；土池苗（92．09％）的成活率比工厂苗（82．18％）高12．3％。蓄水池中的幼参体重增加了110．0％，成活率为10．2％。实验期间，蓄水池和土池中水温分别变化在．2．0℃～10．2℃和1．70℃～6．81℃；溶解氧量变化在2．51mg／L-7．21mg／L和6．75mg／L-15．19mg／L；土池水中溶解氧和氨态氮的含量随水温的“高-低-高”而呈“低-高-低”和“高-低-高”的变化；底栖硅藻的生物量变化在1．20mgim2～1553．56mg／m2之间，优势种为舟形藻（Navfcula sp）和新月拟罄形藻（Nitzschiella closterium）．文中还讨论了海参室外土池或网箱越冬的可行性。 相似文献
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水温13．8～20．0℃下，在容积50L的塑料水槽中，放养体质量为（1．4±0．6）g的虾夷马粪海胆（Strongylocentrotus intermedius）11个，过量投喂海带（Laminaria japonica），再分别混养体质量为（3．4±0．6）g的仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）0（A组）、3（B组）、5（C组）和10个（D组），体质量为（12．4±1．7）g的菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）6个，排出水培养底栖硅藻和石纯（Ulva lactuca），用底栖硅藻饲喂仿刺参。77d的饲养表明，仿刺参和海胆的成活率差异不显著（P〉0．05），但混养组海胆的特定生长率（SGR）显著高于单养组（P〈0．05），B、C和D组海胆的SGR分别比单养高9．12％、7．24％和10．06％，各混养组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；混养海胆的饲料系数（7．28～7．70）分别显著低于单养（9．12）（P〈0．05）组20．29／6、15．5％和18．0％。将刺参的产量计算在内，B、C和D组海胆的饲料系数分别比对照组降低31．5％、26．8％和16．0％，但混养组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。海胆和仿刺参的适宜混养比例为11：3。蛤仔和石纯生长慢，死亡率高。养殖排水培养的底栖硅藻以菱形藻（Nitzschia sp．）和卵形藻（Cocconeis sp．）为主，少量舟形藻（Navicula sp．）。混养海胆性腺中亚麻酸、EPA＋DHA含量和n-3／n～6比值显著大于单养组（P〈0．05），混养池水中氨氮含量低而稳，溶氧量高。 相似文献
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硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
硅藻对鲍幼体着底和生长的影响日本水产大学大贝政治、广岛县水试若野真、兵库县水试长井敏研究表明，皱纹盘鲍幼体从浮游转着底时，因附着板上硅藻优势种不同，而出现着底数差别很大，且其后生长也有很大差异。附着硅藻为单一培养的卵形藻、聚生舟形藻、新月菱形藻。对照... 相似文献
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本文叙述了在室内控制条件下，摄食底栖硅藻和几种浮游单细胞藻的菲律宾蛤仔稚贝的生长速度和存活率。结果表明，稚贝不论是摄食底栖硅藻还是摄食浮游单细胞藻都能正常生长，只是摄食不同种类的饵料生长速度不同而已，其中以摄食底栖硅藻和角毛藻、湛江叉鞭藻和角毛藻的混合投喂效果最佳。稚贝摄食这些饵料，不但生长快(分别为33．7微米／日和29．2微米／日)，而且存活率高(80％左右)。除要注意选择适宜的饵料种类外，饵料的投放密度也不可勿视。在稚贝的培养中，所投饵料的适宜密度应控制在2．5—5万个，毫升(混合饵料各一半)。本文还论述了底栖硅藻和冷冻扁藻混合投喂也能获得较满意结果，但比上述最佳的混合饵料的效果差。 相似文献
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鱼类生长的幂指数生长方程 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究鱼类生长往往需要选择适当的数学模型来处理实际数据以表征生长的某些特点 ,或用于比较生长速度 ,或用于消除随机因素的影响 ,使生长曲线圆润化 ,以显示生长的趋势。其中受到高度重视并被广泛应用的是贝特朗菲方程 (ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ)。然而该模型在理论上有不足之处 ,适用范围也不够理想。为此 ,取陆文杰[1] 对林木生长研究中提出并命名的数学模型———幂指数生长方程 ,用大量的鱼类生长数据[2 -6] 验证结果 ,证实该方程比贝氏方程更适于研究鱼类生长规律。1 材料与方法1 .1 数据及其来源共 12 4份 ,75… 相似文献
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采用生长综合指数指标来描述藻类的生长特性。通过培养纤维藻和栅藻,测定两种藻类的细胞密度和质量密度等参数,并计算出两种藻的生长综合指数。结果表明,生长综合指数能较客观地综合反映出藻类的生长特性。 相似文献
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基于68个日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)全同胞家系,采用混合线性模型和约束极大似然法对日本囊对虾生长性状进行遗传参数的估计。结果表明:1)45日龄、75日龄体长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1545±0.0505、0.1933±0.0475,腹节长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1672±0.0473、0.1937±0.0468,体重性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1934±0.0439、0.1992±0.037,均为中等遗传力;2)不同日龄下日本囊对虾生长性状间的表型相关与遗传相关均为高度正相关,45日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.7121±0.0188、0.5147±0.0277、0.5052±0.0280,遗传相关为0.9896±0.00340、0.9304±0.0321、0.9429±0.0301,75日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.6710±0.0236、0.6555±0.0181、0.6534±0.0160,遗传相关为0.7637±0.0161,0.7479±0.0148,0.7177±0.0131。本研究表明对日本囊对虾生长性状进行选择是有效的,以体长、腹节长、体重任一性状作为指标进行选育均可达到生长改良的目的,本研究结果可为日本囊对虾的早期选择育种和多性状选择提供数据参考。 相似文献
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Three approaches for multivariate analysis of fish growth in aquaculture experiments with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus niloticus L.) based on the von Bertalanffy growth curve are presented and compared. The approaches are: an extended Gulland‐and‐Holt (GH) plot, a forced extended GH plot and a multilinear regression analysis for the growth parameter K. All three models provide valuable insight into the major environmental factors influencing the daily growth rate and explain 28–46% of the variance of the observed daily growth rate of the used data set. For all three methods, the modelled parameter is significantly related to the net yield of Nile tilapia and can, therefore, be used for the predictive modelling of management scenarios. The extended GH plot loads the influence of environmental parameters upon L∞, while the forced extended GH plot and Direct fitting of K load the influence on the growth parameter K. The latter is more in the tradition of aquaculture research. But the forced extended GH plot and Direct fitting of K can only be applied if L∞ of the cultured species is known, as the selected L∞ influences the variance in the regression variables. 相似文献
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Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Compensatory growth (CG) is a phase of accelerated growth when favourable conditions are restored after a period of growth depression. CG reduces variance in size by causing growth trajectories to converge and is important to fisheries management, aquaculture and life history analysis because it can offset the effects of growth arrests. Compensatory growth has been demonstrated in both individually housed and grouped fish, typically after growth depression has been induced by complete or partial food deprivation. Partial, full and over‐compensation have all been evoked in fish, although over‐compensation has only been demonstrated when cycles of deprivation and satiation feeding have been imposed. Individually housed fish have shown that CG is partly a response to hyperphagia when rates of food consumption are significantly higher than those in fish that have not experienced growth depression. The severity of the growth depression increases the duration of the hyperphagic phase rather than maximum daily feeding rate. In many studies, growth efficiencies were higher during CG. Changes in metabolic rate and swimming activity have not been demonstrated yet to play a role. Periods of food deprivation induce changes in the storage reserves, particularly lipids, of fish. Apart from the strong evidence for the restoration of somatic growth trajectories, CG is a response to restore lipid levels. Although several neuro‐peptides, including neuropeptide‐Y, are probably involved in the control of appetite, their role and the role of hormones, such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), in the hyperphagia associated with CG are still unclear. The advantages of CG probably relate to size dependencies of mortality, fecundity and diet that are characteristic of teleosts. These size dependencies favour a recovery from the effects of growth depression if environmental factors allow. High growth rates may also impose costs, including adverse effects on future development, growth, reproduction and swimming performance. Hyperphagia may lead to riskier behaviour in the presence of predators. CG's evolutionary consequences are largely unexplored. An understanding of why animals grow at rates below their physiological capacity, an evaluation of the costs of rapid growth and the identification of the constraints on growth trajectories represent major challenges for life‐history theory. 相似文献
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The effects of temperature on the survival, growth rate and growth efficiency of larval and juvenile common wolffish, Anarhichas lupus L. were studied at 0–31 days and 9–12 months post-hatching, respectively. The influence of temperature regime during egg incubation on subsequent survival and growth was also examined. The fish were reared at constant water temperatures of 5, 8, 11 and 14°C, and all groups were fed dry pellets. At age 1 month, maximum growth rates were observed at 11 and 14°C. Growth rates and survival of early juveniles were dependent upon incubation history, high growth being obtained only if rearing temperature exceeded the temperature of egg incubation. In juveniles at age 9–12 months, the relationships between temperature and growth, and temperature and growth efficiency were parabolic: the optimum water temperatures for growth (Topt.G) and growth efficiency (Topt.GE) were 11°C and 9.7°C respectively. The growth rate and growth efficiency at these water temperatures were 0.9% day–1 and 0.45 g weight gain per g food offered, respectively. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
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Shunsuke Moriyama Katsuo Tashiro Suehiro Furukawa Hiroshi Kawauchi 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(4):860-866
ABSTRACT: The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles. 相似文献
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为深入了解生长轴(GH/IGF axis)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)生长发育的调控作用,采用定量PCR方法研究了GH/IGF轴5个关键生长因子(GH、GHR1、GHR2、IGF-I、IGF-II)在配子、胚胎发育和仔稚幼鱼生长过程中的差异表达调控特性。结果显示,这5个生长因子都具有亲本遗传的特性,除GH外,精子中其他4个生长因子转录表达水平均显著高于卵子。在胚胎发育阶段, GH mRNA在胚胎发育各时期均有表达,且在细胞分裂初期和孵化期表达水平较高。GHR1和GHR2mRNA在胚胎发育各时期呈现相似的表达水平变化趋势,除囊胚期和原肠胚期外, GHR1 mRNA的表达量均高于GHR2。IGF-I和IGF-II mRNA在胚胎发育各时期均表达, IGF-I在孵化期表达水平最高, IGF-II在胚体下包2/3期和孵化期表达水平最高。除64细胞期和128细胞期外, IGF-II mRNA的表达量均显著高于IGF-I (P0.05)。在仔稚幼鱼生长阶段, GH mRNA表达水平从孵化后3 d开始显著升高,到6 d时达峰值。GHR1 mRNA表达水平自6 d开始显著升高(P0.05),到30 d达峰值。GHR2 mRNA在3 d、20 d、25 d、30 d和60 d均处于显著高表达水平(P0.05)。IGF-I mRNA在3 d表达水平最高, IGF-II mRNA从6 d开始显著上调表达,并保持较高表达水平至45 d, IGF-II mRNA表达量均显著高于IGF-I (P0.05)。偏相关分析发现:这5个生长因子通过正向协同或负向拮抗作用在半滑舌鳎胚胎发育和仔稚幼鱼生长过程中共同起调控作用。研究结果为深入了解GH/IGF轴对鱼类生长调控机制积累了新的素材。 相似文献
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采用黑鲷生长激素(seabream growth
hormone,brGH)放射免疫测定法(brGHRIA)及黑鲷生长激素放射受体测定法(brGHRRA)，研究了不同季节(3月、6月、9月及12月)黑鲷血清GH水平及肝脏和性腺中生长激素
受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)水平的变化，同时测定了黑鲷白肌及肝脏RNA-DNA比率及黑鲷肥满度
(condition factor,K)和性腺指数(gonadosomatic 相似文献