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1.
《渔业科学进展》2017,(1)
采捕山东威海外海黄海海域的太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)亲鱼进行驯化和培育,在人工条件下成功驯化存活野生亲鱼49尾,经短期促熟培育后,通过人工授精方式获得了多批次受精卵。对胚胎和早期仔鱼发育过程进行了观察,详细描述了从受精卵到早期仔鱼各发育时期的形态特征。结果显示,太平洋鳕成熟卵子为沉性卵,圆球形,卵径为0.9–1.1 mm,无油球。胚胎发育分为5个时期,分别为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期。在水温为9–10℃、盐度为27–29的海水中孵化,受精卵历时312 h 30 min孵化出膜。初孵仔鱼全长为(3.85?0.12)mm,6日龄仔鱼开口,肛门与外界相通,进入混合营养期。8日龄仔鱼卵黄囊消耗殆尽,开始进入外源性营养阶段。仔鱼开口饵料为轮虫(Rotifer),12日龄开始摄食卤虫(Artemia saline)无节幼体。6日龄仔鱼鳔原基形成,16日龄鳔充气成为亮泡状。12日龄仔鱼形成肠道第1个生理弯曲,22日龄仔鱼第2个肠道生理弯曲形成。研究结果可为太平洋鳕亲鱼驯化培育和苗种培育提供基础资料。 相似文献
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观察和记录了黄条鰤(Seriolaaureovittata)早期生活史阶段生长发育的形态与数量特征,描述了胚胎和仔稚幼鱼各发育阶段的表观特征与生长特性。黄条鰤成熟卵子为透明的圆球形浮性卵,卵径(1.48±0.04)mm,单油球,油球径(0.37±0.02) mm。在水温(21.5±0.5)℃,盐度32, pH 8.0～8.2条件下,受精卵历经73 h 40 min破膜孵化。初孵仔鱼全长(4.23±0.39) mm,卵黄囊长椭圆形,长度约为全长的1/3。3日龄仔鱼全长(4.61±0.43) mm,开口,卵黄囊消耗95%,眼睛变为黑色,鳔原基形成。4日龄仔鱼全长(4.57±0.88) mm,肛门与外界联通,开始摄食轮虫。5日龄仔鱼全长(4.68±0.25) mm,卵黄囊耗尽,鳔开始充气。油球在8日龄消耗完毕,仔鱼全长(5.14±0.36) mm,完全进入外源性营养阶段。7日龄仔鱼全长(4.79±0.36) mm,鳔充气变为亮泡状。初孵仔鱼消化道细而直,随着仔鱼发育,消化道变得粗大,肠道内褶回增多,在10日龄仔鱼全长(5.19±0.37)mm,形成第一个肠道生理弯曲,15日龄仔鱼全长(5.71±0.50)mm,形成第二个肠道生理弯曲,消化能力不断增强。脊椎末端弯曲在15日龄开始,至25日龄全长(8.66±1.06)mm,弯曲过程完成。35日龄稚鱼全长(20.04±1.56)mm,各鳍条数与成鱼一致。60日龄幼鱼全长(65.06±1.94) mm,鳞片形成。80日龄幼鱼全长(134.05±3.25) mm,体表出现一条纵向横贯眼睛和尾椎末端的浅黄色色素带,在体态上与成体无明显区别。 相似文献
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在深水抗风浪网箱培育黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)亲鱼,选取性腺成熟的1+龄亲鱼进行打针催产并人工干法授精,将获得的受精卵在实验室孵化,观察并记录胚胎发育全过程。结果表明,网箱培育的黄斑篮子鱼亲鱼捕捞回室内水泥池,打针催产后其排卵授精行为仍具有严格的月历节律性;黄斑篮子鱼受精卵为沉性黏性卵,圆球形、卵膜光滑、卵质透明、多油球。卵径(584.6±8.64)μm,油球多个,大小不一,大油球直径(146.54±7.46)μm;在水温23.2~24.5℃、盐度32.5和p H 8.2的环境下,第39小时20分钟第一尾仔鱼孵化,第42小时10分钟全部受精卵孵化出仔鱼,积温925.28~996.45℃·h,胚胎发育过程可以分为胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期、孵化期等7个阶段,包括26个发育时相。初孵仔鱼全长(1 912.54±105.25)μm,2.5日龄(孵化后第56小时)仔鱼开口,全长(3 030.36±80.97)μm。 相似文献
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为了解台湾泥鳅的早期发育情况,对其进行人工催产,使用解剖镜观察并记录其早期发育的形态特征和发育过程。观察结果:台湾泥鳅的受精卵为半黏性卵,膜径约0.9 mm;胚胎发育包括受精期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期等7个阶段;在21℃水温条件下,受精卵约26 h孵化出仔鱼,初孵仔鱼长约2.1 mm。3日龄仔鱼开口,10~15日龄时鳍条逐渐形成,17日龄时出现鳞片进入稚鱼期。结果表明,台湾泥鳅的早期发育与大鳞副泥鳅较为相似,与泥鳅的早期发育略有不同。 相似文献
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光唇裂腹鱼胚胎发育与仔鱼早期发育的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对人工干法授精的光唇裂腹鱼（Schizothorax lissolabiatus ）胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育进行观察,描述了从受精卵到卵黄囊期仔鱼发育时期的时序和形态特征。光唇裂腹鱼的成熟卵近似于圆球形,呈金黄色,卵径为（2.2±0.13）mm;受精后12min卵膜吸水膨胀,卵膜径达（3.2±0.21）mm。水温在15-17℃的条件下,孵化时间为174.28h。初孵仔鱼全长为8.5mm,6日龄仔鱼初次摄食丰年虫,进入混合营养期。 相似文献
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利用显微电子成像技术对长鳍吻(Rhinogobio ventralis)胚胎发育和仔鱼形态进行了观察与研究,详细描述了各发育期的形态特征和发育时间。结果显示,长鳍吻卵子的卵径为1.7–1.9 mm、卵膜径为6.6–7.0 mm、卵粒质量为0.0059–0.0077 g,精子的寿命为96.56–119.12 s、激烈运动时间为25.43–31.43 s。长鳍吻的胚胎发育可分为受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期8个阶段,在水温为17.6–18.3℃流水孵化条件下,其受精卵历时56 h孵化出膜,在水温为18.5–22.0℃的条件下,长鳍吻仔鱼的卵黄囊在5日龄时基本消失,6日龄时完全消失,进入后期仔鱼阶段,30日龄的长鳍吻仔鱼鳍条基本形成,鳞片开始形成,结束仔鱼期,进入稚鱼期。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2015,(4)
利用显微电子成像技术对长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)胚胎发育和仔鱼形态进行了观察与研究,详细描述了各发育期的形态特征和发育时间。结果显示,长鳍吻鮈卵子的卵径为1.7–1.9 mm、卵膜径为6.6–7.0 mm、卵粒质量为0.0059–0.0077 g,精子的寿命为96.56–119.12 s、激烈运动时间为25.43–31.43 s。长鳍吻鮈的胚胎发育可分为受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期8个阶段,在水温为17.6–18.3℃流水孵化条件下,其受精卵历时56 h孵化出膜,在水温为18.5–22.0℃的条件下,长鳍吻鮈仔鱼的卵黄囊在5日龄时基本消失,6日龄时完全消失,进入后期仔鱼阶段,30日龄的长鳍吻鮈仔鱼鳍条基本形成,鳞片开始形成,结束仔鱼期,进入稚鱼期。 相似文献
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对人工暂养1周年的野生黄鲷[Dentex tumifrons(Temminck et Schlegel)]进行注射催产激素,成功完成黄鲷的人工繁殖、孵化并培育出黄鲷幼鱼。通过对人工催产所获得的黄鲷受精卵胚胎发育、卵黄囊仔鱼形态发育全过程进行观察,研究其胚胎发育特征。结果表明:(1)黄鲷受精卵和初孵仔鱼比其他鲷科鱼类的略小,受精卵径为0.834~0.998 mm、油球直径为0.184~0.198 mm、初孵仔鱼全长2.25 mm。(2)在水温(19.5±0.5)℃、盐度34.0条件下,受精卵经36~40 h孵化出仔鱼。(3)3日龄仔鱼消化道开通,但还不能摄食;4日龄仔鱼下颌能自如活动并摄取食物,仔鱼卵黄吸收完毕进入外源营养和内源营养混合期。(4)7日龄仔鱼油球完全吸收,仔鱼进入外源性营养期。(5)仔鱼在4日龄若未能摄食到食物则在8~9日龄开始死亡。文中还就黄鲷胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼与同科鱼类真鲷、黑鲷的区别进行了比较。 相似文献
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Eggs of European hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) were stripped from fish caught at sea. Larvae were kept under semi‐intensive conditions at around 12°C. In addition, eggs were incubated in single wells at 9.2, 12.7 and 14.5°C, where hatching, development and survival were closely examined. During the larval stage, a total of 299 larvae were sampled to follow development and growth. In addition a small number of juveniles were sampled. Larvae hatched approximately 4 days after fertilization, and were 2.9 mm in total length (TL). At 6‐day post hatching (dph), the larvae were 4.1 mm (TL), the jaw apparatus was developed, and the larvae had started to feed. Most of the growth during the early larval period is restricted to the head, and there is almost no increase in length for the first 3–4 weeks post hatching. Teeth and pelvic fins appear at 25 dph. Development of unpaired fins at approximately 30 dph marks the start of the larval–juvenile transition. Weaning to formulated feed was accomplished 50 dph, when external morphology was similar to that of adult hake. 相似文献
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Completion of the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel) life cycle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yoshifumi Sawada Tokihiko Okada Shigeru Miyashita Osamu Murata & Hidemi Kumai 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(5):413-421
Tuna aquaculture is currently dependent on the wild capture of juveniles for production. The development of hatchery technology for bluefin and other tunas would be a major step forward in improving sustainability of their aquaculture. The present study overviews the technology in the life cycle completion of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel) under aquaculture conditions in Kinki University, and the problems to be solved for the establishment of tuna hatchery technology. On 23 June 2002, broodstock of PBT that were artificially hatched and reared spontaneously spawned in captivity. The resulting eggs hatched and were subsequently reared to the juvenile stage. The spawning fish were the result of a research project started in 1987 to rear wild‐caught juvenile PBT that were several months old. Fertilized eggs were obtained from these fish in 1995 and 1996. Resulting juveniles (the artificially hatched first generation) were reared to maturity and spawned in 2002. Over the summer of 2002, 1.63 million eggs from these fish were used for a mass rearing experiment, and 17 307 juveniles were produced and transferred to an open sea net cage. Of these artificially hatched second‐generation PBT, 1100 grew to approximately 95 cm total length and 14 kg body weight in 22 months. This procedure means the completion of PBT life cycle under aquaculture conditions, which was first attained among large tuna species. The problems awaiting solution in PBT hatchery production are their unpredictable spawning in captivity, to improve survival during the first 10 days post hatch, to reduce cannibalism in larval and juvenile stages, and to solve collision problem causing high mortality during the juvenile stage. 相似文献
13.
Egg quality determinants in cod (Gadus morhua L.): egg performance and lipids in eggs from farmed and wild broodstock 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guillaume Salze Douglas R Tocher William J Roy & Derek A Robertson 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(15):1488-1499
Lipids and essential fatty acids, particularly the highly unsaturated fatty acids, 20:5n‐3 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA), 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) and 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid, AA) have been shown to be crucial determinants of marine fish reproduction directly affecting fecundity, egg quality, hatching success, larval malformation and pigmentation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) culture, eggs from farmed broodstock can have much lower fertilization and hatching rates than eggs from wild broodstock. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that potential quality and performance differences between eggs from different cod broodstock would be reflected in differences in lipid and fatty acid composition. Thus eggs were obtained from three broodstock, farmed, wild/fed and wild/unfed, and lipid content, lipid class composition, fatty acid composition and pigment content were determined and related to performance parameters including fertilization rate, symmetry of cell division and survival to hatching. Eggs from farmed broodstock showed significantly lower fertilization rates, cell symmetry and survival to hatching rates than eggs from wild broodstock. There were no differences in total lipid content or the proportions of the major lipid classes between eggs from the different broodstock. However, eggs from farmed broodstock were characterized by having significantly lower levels of some quantitatively minor phospholipid classes, particularly phosphatidylinositol. There were no differences between eggs from farmed and wild broodstock in the proportions of saturated, monounsaturated and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. The DHA content was also similar. However, eggs from farmed broodstock had significantly lower levels of AA, and consequently significantly higher EPA/AA ratios than eggs from wild broodstock. Total pigment and astaxanthin levels were significantly higher in eggs from wild broodstock. Therefore, the levels of AA and phosphatidylinositol, the predominant AA‐containing lipid class, and egg pigment content were positively related to egg quality or performance parameters such as fertilization and hatching success rates, and cell symmetry. 相似文献
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斑点鳟仔、稚、幼鱼的形态发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以斑点鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)发眼卵为材料,进行了发眼卵的人工孵化及仔鱼的人工培育研究。对斑点鳟仔稚鱼的形态发育进行了系统观察,描述了各发育期的形态特征,并测定生长参数。斑点鳟早期生活史的分期如下:初孵仔鱼全长14.25±0.45 mm,体重85±5 mg,肛门未开口,营内源性营养,脊柱末端向上弯曲;10 dph开始上浮,投喂卤虫;12 dph开口摄食,开始营内外源混合性营养;14 dph鳍膜消失,各鳍独立;16dph开始投喂配合饵料;24 dph卵黄囊吸收完毕,营完全外源性营养;34 dph,体侧形成8～9个幼鲑斑;44 dph各鳍的鳍条发育健全;60 dph幼鱼外形为纺锤形,与成鱼相同。研究表明,斑点鳟早期生长发育过程中全长、肛门前长、水平眼径和头高的生长情况基本相同,0～16 dph生长速度较快,16～44 dph生长速度较慢,44 dph后生长速度再次变快。 相似文献
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Lawrence J. Buckley Terence M. Bradley Jennifer Allen-Guilmette 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(1):22-29
Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus broodstock maintained under altered regimens of temperature and photoperiod spawned up to 8 mo per year. The cod broodstock produced viable embryos from October through June. The haddock broodstock produced viable embryos from December through May. Egg diameters were largest during the middle of the spawning season when water temperature was at a minimum, resulting in an inverse relationship between egg diameter and water temperature in both species. Egg quality was high, as evaluated by buoyancy, fertilization rate, regularity of early cleavage, and percent viable hatch. Low temperature incubation of cod and haddock eggs extended the embryonic period. Cod embryos tolerated a wider range of temperatures than haddock. High mortality (1 90%) was observed before hatching in haddock embryos incubated at 1 C. Atlantic cod embryos hatched at temperatures as low as —1 C, extending the embryonic period to 59 d. At 8 C Atlantic cod and haddock embryos hatched in 11–12 d. To determine if extending the embryo incubation time by using low temperatures had a detrimental effect, embryos were incubated through hatch at either 1 C or 6 C, and the larvae from both groups reared at 6 C. Growth and early survival of larvae were comparable in both treatments. 相似文献
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对人工干法授精、微量充气孵化条件下星突江鲽的胚胎发育进行了研究。星突江鲽受精卵为分离的球形浮性卵,无油球、卵膜薄、光滑且透明,具弹性。吸水前卵径为0．66～0．70mm,吸水后为0．91～1．06mm。根据胚胎发育的外部形态及典型特征将星突江鲽胚胎发育过程划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、胚孔关闭、眼泡和肌节形成、尾芽形成、晶体出现、听囊出现、出膜前期和出膜期11个连续的典型时期。在11±0．5℃水温下,受精卵经过101h仔鱼脱膜孵出。初孵仔鱼全长2．3～2．5mm,卵黄囊长径1．075～1．25mm,短径0．60～0．675mm。 相似文献
17.
Velmurugu Puvanendran Colleen Calder-Crewe & Joseph A Brown 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(14):1653-1660
The effects of different egg incubation densities on the incidences of vertebral deformities in Atlantic cod larvae were investigated. Cod eggs were incubated at four different densities, 3, 6, 12 and 48 mL eggs L−1 , of water. When all the eggs hatched, larvae were reared in 30 L glass aquaria. Larval samples were taken at 0, 14, 42 and 56 days post hatch (dph) for deformity analysis. Larval samples were stained using bone and cartilage staining methods to determine vertebral deformity. Incubation densities did not have any significant effects on vertebral deformities in Atlantic cod larvae. However, the incidence of larval vertebral deformity was high at hatch and decreased as the larvae grew older until 42 dph, indicating selective mortality of deformed larvae during this period. Larvae at 56 dph, however, showed an increase in the incidence of vertebral deformity, indicating a possible nutritional or prey-type effect. To our knowledge, no studies have documented the occurrence of variable patterns in vertebral deformities in cod at various developmental stages. Overall, our results suggest that broodstock husbandry, genetics and/or nutrition could play a major role in causing vertebral deformities in Atlantic cod at hatch; however, nutrition and prey type may play a major role during metamorphosis. 相似文献
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为建立美洲黑石斑（Centropristis Striata）人工繁殖技术,研究美洲黑石斑的亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、胚胎发育与苗种培育生产试验。结果表明：亲鱼培育成活率82.6%,产卵7批次,产卵1500×104粒,受精卵呈球形,卵径0.90～1.20mm,平均0.98mm;有一个直径0.13～0.19mm的油球,受精率76.50%,孵出仔鱼860×104尾,孵化率74.94%,此外,美洲黑石斑胚胎发育可划分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成6个阶段,共21个时期。水温18～26℃,盐度28～31,pH7.8～8.2的海水中受精卵经26～40h即可孵化出膜。仔鱼经室内水泥池2个月的强化培育,体长可达4.5cm以上,出苗率9.31%。 相似文献
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Mayara de Moura Pereira Mariana Machado Evangelista Enric Gisbert Elizabeth Romagosa 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2181-2190
The aim of this study was to assess the activity of gastric, pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzymes during the embryonic and larval development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) GIFT strain Aqua America® 1 obtained from a broodstock fed two levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 72 females and 24 males, 10 hapas, two CP levels (32% and 38%) and six phases of embryonic (cleavage, blastula, gastrula) and larval (hatching, 7 and 10 days post hatch, dph) stages were used. The eggs were collected in cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages, 300 mg was collected, and kept in cryogenic tubes in liquid nitrogen. For the samples at larval stage, the remaining eggs were separated according to crude protein level and kept in hatcheries and samples were collected on 7 and 10 dph the same way as before. A total of 48 samples were collected: at each protein level (32% and 38% CP), four samples were collected in each phase of embryonic and larval development. Statistical differences were not observed during embryonic development for acid proteases, trypsin, amylase and lipase activity at both levels of crude protein (32 and 38% CP). Differences for acid proteases were noticed on 7 dph; trypsin and amylase on 7 dph and 10 dph. Significant differences on blastula and 7 dph for protease; as for aminopeptidase, there was significant difference on 7 dph. The data indicated early appearance of digestive enzymes in Nile tilapia broodfish receiving 32% CP taking into account the rapid growth and development of this species. 相似文献