共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 825 毫秒
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根据室内流水实验法，定量研究了黄、渤海生态系统7种鱼类能量收支组分，并建立了相应的生物能量学模式。7种海洋鱼类的生物能量学模式豆著不同，并可分为3类：(1)较低代谢和较高生长，如黑鲳、矛尾鳃虎鱼；(2)较高代谢和较低生长，如欧氏六线鱼和黑鲷；(3)代谢和生长均处于中等水平，如真鲷、红鳍东方纯和鲐。其差异原因可能与这7种海洋鱼类的生态习性不同相关。与淡水肉食性鱼类比较，7种海洋鱼类的代谢能明显偏高，表明海洋鱼类属于高代谢消耗、低生长效率型鱼类。 相似文献
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虾蟹能量收支的特点及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甲壳动物生物能量学(Bioenergetics)的核心是研究虾蟹类体内能量收支各组分之间的定量关系及环境因子(温度、盐度等)、营养因子(饵料种类、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等)和内源因子(体质量等)对这些关系的影响,探讨生物调节其能量分配的生理生态学机制[1]. 相似文献
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鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
我国海洋鱼类生态学研究目前尚多集中于自然种群结构及其数量变动上;鉴于这种现场调查本身的局限性,要想深入了解和定量它们在海洋生态系统中的功能与过程,则必需配合现场或室内实验模拟手段,以期进行更深入的探讨。但由于海洋中上层鱼类(尤其是中上层大型鱼类)游动迅速,洄游性强,难以捕获活体并经驯化后用于实验,故迄今该类鱼种有关生物能量学室内或现场研究的报道仍属鲜见。鲐鱼(Pneumatophorusjaponicus)属暖水大洋性中上层鱼类,为捕食性鱼类,广泛分布于西北太平洋沿岸水域,在渤、黄、东、南海均有分布,在我国沿海的中上… 相似文献
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温度对真鲷能量收支的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
真鲷系浅海暖温性底层肉食性鱼类,在中国浅海底层鱼类中有着较为广泛的代表性。本研究在以玉筋鱼为饵料生物和最大摄食水平条件下,采用室内流水模拟实验法定量了其能量收支各组分和能量收支分配模式的温度影响。结果表明,在实验温度范围内,真鲷的摄食率、生长率、总代谢率和排泄率均随温度上升呈减速增长趋势, 二者之间的定量关系均可用对数曲线加以定量描述;真鲷的能量收支分配模式。11.2±1.98℃：100C＝4.48F 9.55U 80.19R 5.78G;14.7±0.57℃：100C＝2.28F 8.99U 74.56R 14.16G;19.4±0.44℃：100C＝2.73F 8.00U 63.23R 26.03G;23.1±1.43℃： 100C＝2.94F 8.23U 65.76R 23.07G。从分配模式可以看出,真鲷能量收支各组分的分配率随温度显著变化,其中代谢分配率和排泄分配率随温度升高呈U形变化趋势,而生长分配率和排粪分配率则恰恰相反。由于不同温度下真鲷的代谢能分别占了同化能的69.72%～93.28%,生长能则占6.72%～30.28%,故与其他鱼类相比,真鲷基本上属于低生长效率、高代谢消耗型鱼类。 相似文献
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摄食水平和饵料种类对黑癇能量收支的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以玉筋鱼和鹰抓糙对虾为生物饵料，采用室内流水模拟实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对黑Jun能量收支各组分和能量收支模式的影响。结果表明，黑Jun的生长量、总代谢量、排泄量及生态转换效率均随摄食水平升高呈增长趋势，二者之间的定量关系可分别用对数曲线或直线加以定量描述；不同生物饵料能造成黑Jun摄食、生长，排泄和总代谢水平的显著差异，但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。黑Jun的能量收支模型摄食水平不同有较明显差异，代谢能分配率和排泄能分配率随摄食水平增大呈U型变化趋势，而生长能分配率却恰恰相反。另外，摄食不同饵料对黑Jun的能量收支模型的影响也十分显著。 相似文献
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日粮水平和饵料种类对真鲷能量收支的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以玉筋鱼为铒料生物,采用室内流水模拟实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对真鲷能量收支各组分和能量收支分配模式的影响。结果表明,真鲷的生长量、总代谢量、排泄量及生态转换效率均随日粮水平升高呈减速增长趋势,二者之间的定量关系均可用对数曲线加以定量描述;不同生物饵料能造成真鲷摄食、生长、排泄和总代谢水平的显著差异,但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。依据各收支过程的量化结果,可得到真鲷的能量分配模式。 相似文献
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鱼类的能源物质以蛋白质和脂肪为主,但在鱼体内蛋白质代谢的最终产物以氮排泄物形式通过鳃排出体外,少量随尿排出,氮排泄的主要成分为氨和尿素,仅有少量用于生长.本实验采用鱼类生物能量学的方法,在保持最大摄食率水平的条件下,通过四个不同梯度蛋白质对牙鲆个体的能量转换进行了研究,从而探讨牙鲆的最适蛋白水平,结果表明:当牙鲆投喂蛋... 相似文献
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可靠的能量消耗估算可以更好地衡量鱼体在上溯过程中的能量分配方式,为鱼道水力设计提供依据,实现鱼道过鱼的高通过率。为探究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼运动过程中游泳行为和能量消耗的关系,利用丹麦Loligo Systems公司生产的鱼类行为视频跟踪系统,对24尾鲢幼鱼进行了室内游泳行为实验。采用流速递增法测得鲢幼鱼的活动代谢率,水体溶氧量由每个流速工况下等时距读取,静水条件下通过AutoRespTM测定水体溶氧变化值,计算标准代谢率;利用水槽上方架设的摄像头(25帧/s)记录鱼体运动行为,连接uEye Cockpit程序观测鱼体运动情况,采用LoliTrack进行运动行为分析,获取鱼体运动行为学参数。结果表明,鲢幼鱼的游泳速度与摆尾频率(TBF)呈显著正相关关系,其耗氧率(MO2)与摆尾频率(TBF)的拟合方程为MO2=318.3+1.04TBF2.87(R2=0.99,P0.001),拟合指数值为2.87,且摆尾频率的幂指数越大,表征鱼体游泳效率越低。实验测得鲢幼鱼的标准代谢率(SMR)为(284.47±30.75)mg/(kg·h),耗氧率方程得到的标准代谢率拟合值为318.3mg/(kg·h),与实测值较为接近;通过建立活动代谢率(AMR)与鱼体重量(M)及游速(U)的关系,得出鲢幼鱼生物能量模型AMR=10.39 M0.12 U0.39(R2=0.95,P0.001)。生物能量模型的建立,可以为鱼道不同过鱼目标的水力设计提供参考。 相似文献
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鱼类摄食量的研究方法 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
鱼类摄食量的评估通常包括对个体摄食量的评估和对种群摄食量的评估。前者主要有室内直接测定法、基于消化道内含物的方法、生物能量学方法、化学污染物质量平衡法以及根据耗氧量间接计算法等5类方法。后者有生物能量学方法和多元回归模型。 相似文献
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Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important sport fish throughout much of North America, and walleye populations support valuable commercial fisheries in certain lakes as well. Using a corrected algorithm for balancing the energy budget, we reevaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye in the laboratory. Walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks each day during a 126-day experiment. Feeding rates ranged from 1.4 to 1.7 % of walleye body weight per day. Based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of monthly consumption with observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model estimated food consumption by walleye without any significant bias. Similarly, based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of weight at the end of the monthly test period with observed weight, we concluded that the bioenergetics model predicted walleye growth without any detectable bias. In addition, the bioenergetics model predictions of cumulative consumption over the 126-day experiment differed from observed cumulative consumption by less than 10 %. Although additional laboratory and field testing will be needed to fully evaluate model performance, based on our laboratory results, the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for walleye appears to be providing unbiased predictions of food consumption. 相似文献
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The life history and vertical distribution of a female cohort of the mesopelagic fish Maurolicus muelleri is simulated using stochastic dynamic programming. The environment is represented by vertical profiles of zooplankton biomass, light intensity and temperature, all variables changing with season. The fish physiology is modelled by dynamic state variables that represent structural fish weight, energetic state and the age of developing oocytes. The model is used to simulate optimal depth distribution (feeding vs. predation risk) and energy allocation (somatic growth or reproduction). The optimal strategies predicted by the model depend on structural fish weight, energetic state and seasonal factors in the environment. The different strategies predicted for different size groups of fish are consistent with field observations of M. muelleri . Small fish give higher priority to growth and tolerate higher levels of predation risk than large fish. The strategies of small fish seem to be little affected by changes in energetic state or seasonal factors in the environment. On the other hand, the predicted strategies of large fish are largely dependent on energetic state and seasonal changes in the environment. In the winter they do not reproduce and minimize visual predation risk by staying at depths with a low light intensity. The low light intensities also result in a low food intake and a negative energy budget in the winter months. In spring, summer and autumn, the predicted strategy of large fish is to stay at depths that provide feeding rates sufficient to rebuild energy reserves lost in the winter and to provide energy for reproduction and somatic growth. 相似文献
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SHIN‐ICHI ITO MICHIO J. KISHI YUTAKA KURITA YOSHIOKI OOZEKI YASUHIRO YAMANAKA BERNARD A. MEGREY FRANCISCO E. WERNER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2004,13(Z1):111-124
A fish bioenergetics model coupled with an ecosystem model was developed to reproduce the growth of Pacific saury. The model spatially covers three different oceanographic spatial domains corresponding to the Kuroshio, Oyashio, and interfrontal (mixed water) regions. In this coupled model, three (small, large, and predatory) zooplankton densities which were derived from the lower trophic level ecosystem model were input to the bioenergetics model of saury as the prey densities. Although certain model parameters were imposed from other species’ bioenergetics, several model parameters were estimated from observational data specific to Pacific saury. The integrated model results reproduced appropriate growth rates of Pacific saury. Model sensitivities to water temperature and prey density are examined and observational methods to evaluate the model parameters are discussed. 相似文献
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Madenjian CP Wang C O'Brien TP Holuszko MJ Ogilvie LM Stickel RG 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):45-53
Walleye (Sander vitreus) is an important game fish throughout much of North America. We evaluated the performance of the Wisconsin bioenergetics
model for walleye in the laboratory. Walleyes were fed rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in four laboratory tanks during a 126-day experiment. Based on a statistical comparison of bioenergetics model predictions
of monthly consumption with the observed monthly consumption, we concluded that the bioenergetics model significantly underestimated
food consumption by walleye in the laboratory. The degree of underestimation appeared to depend on the feeding rate. For the
tank with the lowest feeding rate (1.4% of walleye body weight per day), the agreement between the bioenergetics model prediction
of cumulative consumption over the entire 126-day experiment and the observed cumulative consumption was remarkably close,
as the prediction was within 0.1% of the observed cumulative consumption. Feeding rates in the other three tanks ranged from
1.6% to 1.7% of walleye body weight per day, and bioenergetics model predictions of cumulative consumption over the 126-day
experiment ranged between 11 and 15% less than the observed cumulative consumption. 相似文献
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Abstract The application of a drift-foraging bioenergetic model to evaluate the relative influence of prey abundance (invertebrate drift) and habitat (e.g. pool frequency) on habitat quality for young-of-the-year (YOY) and yearling juvenile cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson) is described. Experiments and modelling indicated simultaneous limitation of fish growth by prey abundance and habitat, where depth and current velocity limit the volume of water and prey flowing through a fish's reactive field as well as swimming costs and prey capture success. Predicted energy intake and growth increase along a depth gradient, with slower deeper pool habitat generating higher predicted growth for both YOY and yearling trout. Bioenergetic modelling indicated that fish are constrained to use progressively deeper habitats to meet increasing energy requirements as they grow. Sensitivity of growth to prey abundance identified the need to better understand how variation in invertebrate drift and terrestrial drop affects habitat quality and capacity for drift-feeding fishes. 相似文献
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A feed budget model, which enables farmers to adapt a general model to local conditions, was tested on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The model has two major components; component 1 is used to calculate the energy required for one unit of biomass gain (g or kg) and component 2 estimates the daily growth increment (g or kg). Both components can be adjusted in relation to prevailing environmental conditions and, together, they express the daily energetic requirement of the specific species or strain. Fish fed using the model as a guide had a high rate of growth and good feed conversion. The model accurately predicted growth over the experiment, and is presented as a means of calculating the daily feed budget in fish farming. Growth of fish fed using self-feeders is presented for comparison with the results obtained using the model. 相似文献
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R. Robles A. B. Lozano A. Sevilla L. Márquez W. Nuez-Ortín F. J. Moyano 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(6):1567-1580
Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid extensively used in animal nutrition since it promotes increases in body weight and other multiple beneficial effects on the intestinal tract. Although such effects have been demonstrated in several species, very few studies have assessed them in fish. On the other hand, little is known about the metabolic processes underlying these effects. In the present work, growth parameters and changes in more than 80 intestinal metabolites (nucleotides, amino acids and derivatives, glycolytic intermediates, redox coenzymes and lipid metabolism coenzymes) have been quantified in juvenile sea bream fed a butyrate-supplemented diet. Results showed a significant increase in the weight of fish receiving butyrate, while metabolomics provided some clues on the suggested effects of this feed additive. It seems that butyrate increased the availability of several essential amino acids and nucleotide derivatives. Also, the energy provision for enteric cells might have been enhanced by a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation related to the use of butyrate as fuel. Additionally, butyrate might have increased transmethylation activity. This work represents an advance in the knowledge of the metabolic consequences of using butyrate as an additive in fish diets. 相似文献
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G. S. HAYLOR 《Aquaculture Research》1992,23(4):511-514
There is a difficult path to tread between strictly accurate scientific nomenclature, which definitively and clearly characterizes exact developmental stages, and the vernacular names popularly used in the fish culture industry. On the one hand, the recognition of early life stages by the culturist is important because the requirements of young fish change rapidly with age (e.g. Hogendoorn 1980; Verreth & Van Tongeren 1989). On the other hand, recognition of microscopic changes can be more subjective than definitive and may be of no actual benefit in fish culture. Working definitions of developmental stages for aquaculture are therefore most usefully practical ones. In response to calls for a clear definition regarding the length of the larval period, in order to enhance the compatibility of different studies (Verreth & Van Tongeren 1989), the following definitions for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) are suggested. 相似文献