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研究了池塘养殖条件下镜泊湖蒙古鲌的人工繁殖及胚胎和胚后发育。试验结果显示,池养蒙古鲌人工催产的适宜时间为6月上旬,水温为23~26℃。混合激素400IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素+4g/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素A2+2mg/kg地欧酮,催产率达80%以上。镜泊湖蒙古鲌成熟卵呈圆球形,淡黄色,半透明,属沉黏性卵;平均卵径为(1.10±0.03)mm,吸水膨胀后的卵径为(1.42±0.05)mm。水温23~25℃时,受精卵至破膜需38h,积温926.3℃·h。镜泊湖蒙古鲌的胚胎发育时序和特征符合鲌属鱼类胚胎发育的一般规律,可分为胚盘、卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚和器官形成6个发育阶段,进一步细分应为21个发育时期,初孵仔鱼全长(4.32±0.31)mm,当达到(5.70±0.47)mm时开始平游摄食。 相似文献
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太湖翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育及胚后发育观察 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对从太湖收集的野生翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker)经人工繁殖获得子一代,并在池塘养殖条件下对其进行人工培育获得成熟亲鱼.于2005年6月,经人工催产、人工授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎及胚后发育全过程进行了系统观察.结果表明,池塘养殖条件下人工培育能获得成熟亲鱼,经人工催产所获得的翘嘴红鲌受精卵为圆球型,呈墨绿色、青灰色、黄色等3种颜色;平均卵径为0.9 mm(O.72～1.18 mm),吸水后平均卵径为1.2mm.翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育过程可分为19期,在水温23～25℃范围内,受精30 min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后9 h 20min开始形成器官,受精后约26 h仔鱼开始出膜,刚出膜的仔鱼全长为4.10-4.67 mm,胚胎发育总积温为619.82℃·h.翘嘴红鲌胚后发育过程可分为仔鱼和稚鱼2个阶段共15个发育期,在26～31℃水温下历时670 h,其中仔鱼阶段从鱼苗孵出到腹鳍形成期,稚鱼阶段从鳞片出现到鳞片形成期.对各发育时期外部形态特征进行了详细的描述. 相似文献
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唐鱼胚胎发育观察 总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26
唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)是一种小型鲤科鱼类,是华南地区的特有种。本研究报道对唐鱼胚胎发育过程的观察结果。唐鱼的受精卵近卵圆型,其卵径为(1.017±0.001)mm。根据其胚胎发育过程的形态特征,胚胎发育全程可划分为7个阶段:受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚形成阶段、器官形成阶段和孵化出膜阶段。观察结果表明,在不同的水温条件下发育历程不同:当水温分别在14.0-16.8℃、22.5-25.0℃和28-30℃条件下,受精卵分别经过147 h、50 h和28 h发育而孵出。文中讨论了唐鱼胚胎形态及胚细胞的分化特点,以及水温对胚胎发育的影响。 相似文献
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用胚胎固定脱膜方法对黑尾近红鲌胚胎发育进行连续观察,用整胚原位杂交技术对原始生殖细胞的起源和迁移进行研究.试验结果表明,黑尾近红鲌受精卵为粘性,淡黄色,圆形,直径(0.94±0.05) mm.在水温24.5 ℃的孵育条件下,受精卵经25 min开始胚胎发育,45 min进入2细胞期,5 h 15 min进入囊胚期,7 h 25 min进入原肠期,10 h 15 min进入神经胚期;50 h,50%以上的仔鱼孵出.刚出膜的仔鱼长约(4.10±0.02) mm.黑尾近红鲌原生殖细胞最早发现于原肠期;在原肠中期和神经胚期,其位于胚盾靠近卵黄囊的内胚层;在胚层分化期,原生殖细胞迁移到脏壁中胚层;在孵化期,原生殖细胞迁移到体两侧的生殖嵴中,与生殖嵴共同组成胚胎的未分化性腺. 相似文献
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长臀鮠胚胎发育的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
催产4龄亲鱼,催产药物为LHRH-A,DOM,CPE,催产率66%,孵化率20%;长臀鮠成熟卵圆球形,透明,卵径平均(1.10±0.20)mm,为沉性卵,具黏性,受精卵孵化分为胚盘阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠阶段、神经胚期、器官分化阶段和孵化等7个阶段,当水温26-29℃时,孵化时间为96h10min。 相似文献
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2016年4月1日—4月19日,在水温12～14℃下采用催产、人工授精和室内孵化方式获得暂养的野生新疆裸重唇鱼Gymnodiptychus dybowskii受精卵和仔鱼,观察其胚胎发育和早期仔鱼的形态特征。结果显示:新疆裸重唇鱼成熟鱼卵为亮黄色或橙色,卵径(2.2±0.28)mm,受精约35min后卵周隙达到最大,卵径2.90～3.40mm,卵黄约占卵体积的3/5。整个发育过程可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期6个阶段。在水温(16±2)℃下,胚胎发育积温为2 359h·℃,187h仔鱼上浮。研究结果表明,新疆裸重唇鱼的胚胎发育特征与新疆地区其他几种裂腹鱼类存在一定差异。 相似文献
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短须裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水产科学》2015,(11)
2014年12月通过人工繁殖获得短须裂腹鱼受精卵,并在人工孵化条件下对其胚胎和早期仔鱼发育特征进行观察。结果显示,短须裂腹鱼成熟卵为浅黄色,卵径为(3.18±0.17)mm,吸水膨胀后达(3.96±0.25)mm。在水温12.7~14.0℃[平均(13.68±0.32)℃]条件下,受精卵在受精后3.17h胚盘隆起,16h进入囊胚期,47h进人原肠期,60.67h进入神经胚期,74.67h出现肌节,192.5h孵出,胚胎发育有效积温为2633.68h·℃。初孵仔鱼全长为(10.88±0.41)mm,13d仔鱼鳔完全充气,开始平游,18d仔鱼卵黄囊消失。分析发现短须裂腹鱼胚胎发育特点与其他裂腹鱼亚科鱼类存在一定程度的差异。 相似文献
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咸海卡拉白鱼胚胎和仔鱼早期发育 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
取3+龄咸海卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis)进行全人工繁殖,对受精卵各阶段发育形态进行观察.该鱼受精卵呈圆球状,为沉性卵,微粘性,卵粒白色透明,直径(1.32±0.04) mm.胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、胚孔封闭期、肌节出现期、视泡形成期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、胚动期、心脏搏动、出膜前期和孵化期.水温22～24 ℃时,受精卵经56 h 45 min孵化出仔鱼.胚胎发育所需积温1 232～1 344 h·℃.孵化第1天仔鱼沉卧水底,体色为白色,全长(4.51±0.08) mm;第4天仔鱼平游,开始摄食蛋黄和单细胞藻类;第6天鱼体卵黄囊消失,食轮虫或丰年虫幼体;第10天仔鱼全长(7.60～9.80) mm时下塘,仔鱼摄食浮游生物;第15天仔鱼全长(9.10～11.3) mm摄食人工饲料. 相似文献
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The goal of this study is to develop a larviculture protocol for Mithraculus forceps, a popular marine aquarium species. Different temperatures (25±0.5°C and 28±0.5°C), stocking densities (10, 20, 40 and 80 larvae L?1), prey densities (newly hatched Artemia of 1, 4, 7 and 12 nauplii mL?1) and metamorphosis to crab conditions (Systems A and B) were tested. The best survivorship and faster development were obtained when the larvae were reared at a density of 40 larvae L?1 for 7 days post hatching (DPH) in System A, at 28°C and fed with 7 mL?1 of newly hatched Artemia nauplii. After 7 DPH all the megalopa were moved to System B and the same temperature and prey density were maintained. At the end of the experiment, 12 DPH, survivorship of 74.1±4.8% was obtained. 相似文献
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Ming‐Yih Leu Pei‐Jie Meng Chao‐Sheng Huang Kwee Siong Tew Jimmy Kuo Chyng‐Hwa Liou 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e39-e52
Successful natural spawning of Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis in captivity from 19 March to 11 May, 2008 is described for the first time. A single male dominates a harem of two females, spawning with each at dusk, from 10 min before to 20 min after sunset. Each female laid an average 119 × 103 eggs during the spawning period. Fertilized eggs were spherical, buoyant and had a diameter of 0.83 ± 0.02 mm (mean ± SD). Embryonic development lasted 15–18 h at 28.1 °C. Newly hatched larvae were 1.60 ± 0.07 mm in total length (TL) with 27 myomeres. Larvae completed yolk absorption within 3 days post hatching (ph) at 3.01 ± 0.08 mm TL. Ten days ph, the larvae had attained 3.95 ± 0.12 mm TL. Larvae were fed either 100% s‐type rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis), 100% copepods (Microsetella sp.), a combination of the two (50%:50%) or without live feed (starved control) to determine the effect of live feed on the survival rate. The survival was significantly (P<0.001) higher in larvae fed a combination of diet than the others. These results indicate that C. septentrionalis is a potential species for captive breeding programs and the use of a combination of diet (s‐type rotifers and copepods) may be a suitable first food for the larvae. 相似文献
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Chaoshu Zeng 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1478-1485
Treated with combined bilateral eyestalk ablation and maintenance of water temperature at 22.5±1.5 °C, mud crab Scylla paramamosain females with mature ovaries were induced to produce eggs outside the natural spawning season in subtropical southern China. Newly extruded eggs from a crab were incubated in vitro at 10, 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35 °C, respectively, and the embryonic development was closely monitored. Abnormal cell division was observed at temperatures 10 and 35 °C. At 15 °C, development remained at the gastrula stage by day 32 post‐spawn, at which time the experiment was terminated. Hatching of in vitro incubated eggs occurred between 20 and 30 °C. An increase in incubation temperature from 20 to 25 °C reduced the incubation duration by 14 days, 2.6 times of that measured for a similar 5 °C increase from 25 to 30 °C. Embryonic development of S. paramamosain was divided into stage 0–10, and the duration of each stage was recorded for each incubation temperature. The information obtained allows accurate prediction of hatching time of female crabs incubated under variable temperatures. Larvae hatched from in vitro incubated eggs were reared to reach first juvenile crab stage and their dry weights were similar to those of larvae hatched naturally. 相似文献
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Juan Pablo Alcántar-Vázquez Silvie Dumas Eleonora Puente-Carreón Hugo Skyol Pliego-Cortés & Renato Peña 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(1):59-63
Conditions for the induction of triploidy with cold shock of fertilized eggs of the spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner) were investigated. Different temperatures (12, 8 and 4 °C), timing of cold shock application (5, 10 and 15 min after fertilization) and duration of the shock (5, 10, 15 and 20 min) were tested. Triploidy was determined using flow cytometry at 12 h after larvae hatched. Triploids were produced only when the cold shock treatment was applied 5 min after fertilization. No significant difference was observed in the percentage of triploidy between temperature and the shock duration. At 8 and 4 °C, 100% triploidy was obtained at different durations of cold shock. Survival was significantly lower at 12 or 4 °C than at 8 °C. No significant difference was observed for shock duration at the temperature of 8 or 12 °C; however, at 4 °C, survival was significantly lower at longer durations. We recommend induction of triploidy by applying cold shock at 8 °C for a duration of 15–20 min starting at 5 min after fertilization, in the spotted sand bass. 相似文献
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Effects of different step‐wise temperature increment regimes during egg incubation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) on egg viability and newly hatched larval quality 
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下载免费PDF全文 Velmurugu Puvanendran Inger‐Britt Falk‐Petersen Hege Lysne Helge Tveiten Hilde Toften Stefano Peruzzi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):226-235
We carried out an experiment to determine how rapidly the early incubation temperature of Atlantic cod eggs can be increased without affecting normal embryonic development and hatching. Atlantic cod eggs were incubated at a constant low temperature (4.5 ± 0.5°C; T5 – control) and four temperature increment treatments where the temperatures were increased stepwise from 4.5°C at zygote stage to 9.5 ± 05°C (T1‐8 h, T2‐32 h, T3‐64 h and T4‐96 h). Embryonic cell symmetry, embryonic mortality, hatching success and larval skeletal abnormalities, length and yolk sac volume were recorded. Larval samples were also taken at hatch for histological analysis. Except for higher egg mortality and lower hatching success in the T1, the differences among experimental groups were minor. Cell asymmetries and embryo mortalities were not significantly different between the control and T2–T4 treatment groups. Control larvae were significantly longer and had smaller yolk reserves at hatch than T1–T4 larvae and larvae from T2 had the largest yolk reserves. Tissue and organ histology of hatched larvae were similar. Considering embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success and larval morphology and histology, a gradual increment of temperature in 32 h seems to be the better choice for future developmental programming studies in Atlantic cod. 相似文献
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A. Brabrand 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1995,4(2):70-76
Cohorts of perch larvae, hatched within 24 h, developed into a bimodal body size distribution as early as 6 days after commencement of external food uptake. At this development stage, intra-cohort cannibalism occurred among larval perch individuals of larval stage V (body size: 10.5±0.26 mm, 95% c. l.) on smaller siblings. In experimental trials the consumption rate (C: no. of prey/predator·hour) increased exponentially with size of predatory perch (L: mm) and at 21°C was expressed by the relationship log C=3.406·log L-3.848 (n=10, r2=0.98, P<0.001). For predatory perch in larval stage V, consumption rate was reduced when Daphnia pulex were added, while not in later stages. Perch larvae experimentally forced to live as true piscivores without additional food items developed from stage V to stage IX (15.8±1.34 mm) within the same time as those fed on Daphnia alone, but with increased mortality. 相似文献
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Little is known about the physiological role of flavin containing monooxygenases (FMOs) in teleost fish. Recent studies have
indicated induction during saltwater adaptation in several telost species including rainbow trout. A physiological product
of FMOs, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and urea have also been shown to increase in rainbow trout muscle during saltwater
adapatation. TMAO counteracts the denaturing effects of urea. In order to evaluate urea as a possible inducer of FMO expression
and activity, adult rainbow trout were infused for 48 h with urea/saline solutions at a loading rate of 8 mmol urea/kg/day.
To determine whether low temperature had any effect on FMO expression and activity, one group of animals was infused with
urea and exposed to low temperature (2–3 °C) for 48 h. Gill FMO-catalyzed thiourea oxygenase activity was significantly induced
by low temperature, with twice the activity observed at low temperature (1.116±0.356 nmol/min/mg) compared to urea infusion
at 10 °C (0.585±0.282 nmol/min/mg). Low temperature without urea treatment caused a 50% increase in gill FMO activity. In
the liver, urea infusion caused an increase in liver FMO activity (from 0.144±0.053 nmol/min/mg to 0.464±0.237 nmol/min/mg),
but was unaffected by co-exposure to low temperature (0.523±219 nmol/min/mg). FMO expression and activity correlated with
elevated tissue urea levels, but TMAO concentrations were not related. The interactions between urea, temperature and the
tissue-specific induction of FMOs indicate FMOs may contribute to other physiological and cellular processes besides osmoregulation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Acute toxicity and anesthetic effects of clove oil were studied in P. semisulcatus (1.8–2.1 g body weight). The EC50 1-h (the concentration effective for 50% of test animals), LC50 1-h (the concentration lethal to 50% of test animals after 1 h) and LC50 24-h (the concentration lethal to 50% of test animals after 24 h) were calculated at concentrations of 25, 130 and 30 mg/l, respectively, at 30°C, salinity 40 ppt, pH 8.6 and dissolved oxygen >6 mg/l. Generally, with increasing concentrations of clove oil, the times required for sedation and anesthesia decreased, while the recovery times increased. At concentrations 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l under temperature of 30°C and salinity of 40 ppt, the times required for sedation were 6 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 0.3, 2 ± 0.08 and 0.5 ± 0.08 min, while times required for complete recovery were calculated to be 4.5 ± 0.3, 5.5 ± 0.17, 6.5 ± 0.25 and 11 ± 0.38 min, respectively. Also, the times required for deep anesthesia were 20 ± 1, 5 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.4 and 2.2 ± 0.5 min in the above concentrations, while the times required for complete recovery were 10 ± 1, 11 ± 1.5, 14 ± 2.2 and 16 ± 3 min, respectively. Furthermore, considering the times to sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery at different temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C and salinities of 25, 30, 35, 40 and 48 ppt; the combinations of salinity plus temperature and clove oil concentration plus salinity had the greatest and the least effects. 相似文献
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Feeding rates, growth rates and feed efficiency ratios were studied in experimentally reared juvenile cuttlefish Sepia officinalis which had been hatched from eggs collected from three different locations, Plymouth, North Wales and Southampton. Groups of newly hatched cuttlefish were either maintained at 19°C and well fed (experiment 1) or were maintained at ambient seawater temperature (7–16°C) with little food for 6 months so that their development was delayed and then transferred to optimum conditions (experiment 2). In the first investigation (expt 1), no significant differences in growth rates (3.72±0.08%, 3.75±0.04% and 3.55±0.04% body weight (BW) day?1 respectively), feeding rates (9.53±0.36%, 9.28±0.36% and 8.95±0.37% BW day?1 respectively) and feed efficiency ratios (38.11±1.67%, 40.52±1.78% and 39.96±1.78% respectively) were observed between cuttlefish from the 3 locations. During the second investigation (expt 2), cuttlefish, whose development was initially delayed after hatching and then were stimulated to grow under optimum conditions (19°C and fed), showed growth rates (3.46±0.08% BW day?1) similar to those held under optimum conditions of seawater temperature (19°C) and food supply shortly after hatching. Feeding rates and feed efficiency ratios were however significantly higher in cuttlefish maintained at 19°C compared to 11°C (8.27±0.14% BW day?1, 41.25±0.52% and 2.75±0.09% BW day?1, 24.87±1.87% respectively). 相似文献
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Stefano Peruzzi Anne Kettunen Raul Primicerio & Goran Kauri&#; 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(9):926-932
The effects of thermal treatments on induction of triploidy in Atlantic cod have been investigated. Cold shock [−1.7±0.1°C at 20 min post fertilization (PF) for 2 h] was based on a previously developed protocol, and heat shocks, below the lethal threshold of 24°C, were at 16, 18 or 20°C applied 20, 30 or 40 min PF for 20 min. Cold shock did not affect larval survival and was ineffective for producing triploids (range 0–4%). A heat shock of 20°C at 20 min PF generated the highest percentages (range 66–100%) of triploid larvae at hatching, with survival ranging from 10% to 20% relative to the controls. Lower heat shock temperatures or delayed shocks increased survival but decreased the number of triploids, providing no net gain in triploid yield (range 1–9%). Heat shocks applied later than 20 min PF produced 2–4% tetraploid larvae at hatching. A thermal shock of 20°C initiated at 20 min PF and lasting 20 min proved to be the most generally efficient treatment for induction of triploidy in Atlantic cod. 相似文献