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Diploid gametes generated with tetraploid animals are a stepping stone to improving chromosome manipulation techniques. However, artificially induced tetraploid individuals generally die soon after hatching. Diploid gametes could be induced by in vivo cultures of tetraploid primordial germ cells (PGCs) through germ-line chimera. In the present study, characteristics of PGCs were studied in inviable tetraploid masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou. Histological observation of tetraploid embryos revealed that the same or smaller numbers of PGCs were observed and they migrate into the genital ridges as did diploid PGCs during gonadogenesis. By whole-mount in situ hybridization using vasa messenger RNA (mRNA), 4–35 vasa-positive signals were detected in a pair of genital ridges of tetraploids. By cytological observation of genital ridge cell suspensions, several large round cells were observed, some of which extended pseudopodia. They also contained large nuclei and round granules in their cytoplasm, characteristics of PGCs. As the results suggest that inviable artificial tetraploids have PGCs, we expect to achieve diploid gamete production through surrogate propagation and tetraploid fish production.  相似文献   

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4.
We reported previously that two isoforms of vasa mRNA and protein are present in tilapia (Kobayashi et al. 2002). One (vas-s) lacks a part of the N-terminal region found in the other isoform (vas). Both isoforms are expressed in oocytes through the embryonic stages when PGCs localize in the lateral plate mesoderm. After PGCs localized in the gonadal anlagen, vas-s expression increased and vas expression became undetectable. Expression of both isoforms was observed again after morphological gonadal sex differentiation, irrespective of genotypic sexes. These changes are in accordance with sex differences in number of gonial germ cells during this period, suggesting that molecular sexual dimorphism occurs in germ cells between both sexes during this period.  相似文献   

5.
Pepsinogens are precursors of pepsins, which are gastric digestive proteinases that degrade food proteins into peptides. In the study reported here, the cDNA and its corresponding genomic DNA of the golden mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri, Perciformes) pepsinogen C (PGC) were cloned and sequenced. The golden mandarin fish PGC gene was deduced to have nine exons and eight introns, a structure similar to the PGCs of other vertebrates. The full-length cDNA was found to contain a 37-bp 5′-untranslated region, a 1,164-bp open reading frame, and a 304-bp 3′-untranslated region and the PGC protein to consist of a signal peptide, an activation segment, and a pepsin moiety. A sequence analysis revealed that pairwise sequence similarities of PGC proteins are around 70% between golden mandarin fish and other vertebrate groups, and around 90% within the fish group. A comparison of vertebrate PGC protein sequences revealed two motifs. One was in the activation segment that occurred only in the mammal and avian PGCs, suggesting that PGCs active in homeotherms (mammal and avian) have different activation mechanisms than those in poikilotherms (amphibian and fish). The second was in the pepsin moiety that occurred only in fish, suggesting the primitive position of fish among vertebrates. PGC mRNA is mainly expressed in the stomach and esophagus and at much lower levels in the skin and muscle. Taken together with results reported from other studies, the results reported here will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of fish digestive physiology and the evolution of fish pepsinogen genes.  相似文献   

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7.
在鱼类的早期胚胎发育中生殖细胞便与体细胞分离,形成所谓的原始生殖细胞(Primordial germ cells,PGCs)。母源性基因Dead end(dnd)在胚胎发育中特异地表达于原始生殖细胞,编码一种进化上保守的RNA结合蛋白,对生殖细胞发育具有重要作用。本研究通过PCR获得大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)dnd基因(Lcdnd)的部分cDNA序列,结合实时定量PCR、整胚原位杂交等技术,研究Lcdnd在各组织和胚胎发育中的表达。实时定量PCR结果显示：dnd在性腺中特异表达,且其在卵巢中的表达量高于精巢;检测的各期胚胎中都有dnd的表达,随着胚胎的发育其表达量呈下降的趋势。整胚原位杂交结果显示：Lcdnd在早期卵裂阶段主要分布于分裂沟,到囊胚期至原肠早期则开始定位于细胞内,原肠早期时定位在胚环中的中内胚层,且阳性信号增多,暗示此时原始生殖细胞的形成。接着原始生殖细胞沿胚环向胚体形成处(胚盾)迁移;随着胚胎的发育,发现胚体两侧的阳性信号增多;到体节发生期,阳性信号细胞分布于胚体两侧的侧板中胚层,随着体节的发生这些细胞沿背腹轴向腹部运动;发育到孵出期时,到达了发育中的原始生殖嵴。本研究首次使用dnd作为一种较为可靠的大黄鱼生殖细胞标记,揭示了大黄鱼原始细胞的起源与迁移,为大黄鱼生殖细胞发生发育及养殖大黄鱼的育性控制的研究奠定了一定的基础。  相似文献   

8.
The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish.  相似文献   

9.
石鲽仔、幼鱼性腺发育的组织学观察   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
利用组织学方法对人工培育的石鲽(Kareius bicoloratusBasiewsky)仔、幼鱼性腺发育进行研究。结果表明,性腺的发育与体长密切相关。刚孵化石鲽的原生殖细胞数目为2个,孵化3 d数目增至8个,之后经过迁移,至孵化9 d到达生殖嵴。在全长为7.2～8.5 mm(孵化9～11 d)的仔鱼中,性腺原基中的体细胞迅速增殖并包围原生殖细胞,后者在全长10～15 mm(孵化后10～35 d)的仔幼鱼中增殖成为生殖干细胞。原始性腺在全长15～30 mm(孵化40～60 d)的幼鱼中逐渐发育完善,呈细线状,位于腹腔后部中肾管下方紧贴体壁。雌性性腺最早在全长32.5 mm(孵化66 d)的个体中出现分化特征,至全长89～102 mm时雌性性腺特征完全分化。雄性性腺的分化较雌性性腺晚,最早在全长为91 mm的幼鱼中开始,至全长为114～118 mm时雄性性腺分化特征已经十分明显。  相似文献   

10.
通过简并引物和RACE技术分离得到了半滑舌鳎Vasa基因的cDNA序列,其全长为2 602 bp,编码包含722个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。半滑舌鳎Vasa在N末端含有5个RGG重复和10个RG重复,具备DEAD-box家族特有的8个保守基序,与东方蓝旗鲔的同源性最高(91%)。利用RT-PCR技术研究了csVasa在性成熟半滑舌鳎中的表达模式。组织分布研究发现,Vasa在半滑舌鳎的卵巢和精巢中表达丰富,心脏中有微量表达;繁殖周期中,卵巢中Vasa的表达量在初级卵黄期和囊泡期要明显高于核周期和退化吸收期;精巢中,Vasa在精子细胞增殖期的表达量要显著高于精子成熟期和精母细胞增殖期。结果表明,Vasa可能在半滑舌鳎的配子发生中起重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
鱼类生殖细胞移植技术是通过诱导不同物种之间生殖系嵌合体来实现。原始生殖细胞和精原细胞(或卵原细胞)是诱导生殖细胞系嵌合体的关键材料。在过去的十多年中,通过采用不同的供体生殖细胞和不同发育阶段(囊胚期胚胎、初孵仔鱼和成鱼)的鱼为受体,开发出多种鱼类生殖细胞移植技术。这些成果的取得,为生殖细胞移植技术应用于诸多水产养殖新兴领域打下了坚实基础。该技术可以应用于:(1)生殖细胞生物学和转基因鱼等基础研究;(2)遗传资源和濒危鱼种的保护;(3)鱼类性别选择育种;(4)有效提高放流鱼苗的遗传多样性。  相似文献   

12.
水温对半滑舌鳎性腺组织发育的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
汪娣  田永胜  陈松林 《水产学报》2012,36(2):262-271
探讨了不同温度(19,21,23,25和27 ℃)对半滑舌鳎的性腺组织发育的影响。在受精后39～106 d对半滑舌鳎进行温度控制处理,通过石蜡组织切片,对半滑舌鳎早期性腺分化发育进行组织学观察。发现在19 ℃饲养条件下,受精后46 d(pfd46)半滑舌鳎性腺原始生殖细胞数量增加,有分化成卵巢的倾向;在该条件下,pfd82半滑舌鳎性腺开始分化为精巢。pfd82时,27 ℃条件下的幼鱼卵巢中卵原细胞数目大量增殖;精巢中精小叶多而密,结缔组织间隔清晰。pfd129时,27 ℃处理的幼鱼卵巢发育到Ⅱ期,其他温度处理组仍处于Ⅰ期卵巢,但随着温度的提高,卵巢中卵母细胞数目增多,且由散乱分布变为有序的排列在卵巢小叶中;精巢中贮精囊数量增多,囊腔中精子增多。pfd142时,高温处理组幼鱼性腺发育最快,其Ⅱ期卵巢中卵母细胞数目最多,精巢中后期生精细胞偏多,精子几乎分布到各个精小叶中,且贮精囊结构发达,内纳高密度精子,在周围输精管中也分布着精子。结果表明,温度影响了半滑舌鳎性腺发育程度,二者呈现线性关系,在适当温度范围内,性腺发育速度随着温度升高而加快。  相似文献   

13.
The effect of enriching rotifer prey with highly unsaturated fatty acids on sunshine bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis larval survival and growth from ages 4 to 12 d posthatch was determined. Comparisons were made among larvae fed (1) rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste versus rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000; (2) no rotifers versus rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000; and (3) rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000, rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis and Pavlova pastes and enriched with Culture Selco 3000, and rotifers cultured with Nannochloropsis paste and enriched with Culture Selco 3000 and Super Selco. The only differences in survival were unfed larvae with practically no survival compared to 55.4% survival for larvae fed rotifers cultured with paste plus Culture Selco 3000. Larvae fed rotifers cultured with paste plus Culture Selco 3000 were longer and had greater condition than those fed rotifers cultured with paste. Additional enrichment with Pavlova sp. or Super Selco had no affect. A canonical analysis of fatty acid contents of diets, rotifers, and fry supported evidence from harvest results. Distances between centroids indicated distinct differences among diets, less distinction among the rotifers, and little difference among fry. Enrichment enhanced growth, but additional enrichment beyond that done during rotifer culture did not increase survival, growth, or condition.  相似文献   

14.
Culturing the longsnout seahorse, Hippocampus reidi, remains challenging because unlike most cultured seahorse species, Artemia is not an optimal first feed. Ideally, more nutritious live feeds such as wild plankton or copepods should be used, but are not always readily available. Therefore, facilities commonly utilize enriched rotifers. Numerous feed enrichment products exist, including Dan's Feed Artemia Enrichment®, (Dan's Feed) which is a blend of commercially available enrichment products. The aim of this study was to assess the survivorship, growth, and condition factor (CF) of 0–28 DPR (days post release) H. reidi fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed. This enrichment was evaluated against (1) rotifers and Artemia enriched with live alga (Isochrysis galbana), and (2) wild plankton and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed. At 28 DPR, in terms of survivorship and growth, seahorses fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed had a lower CF and outperformed those fed rotifers and Artemia enriched with I. galbana. Seahorses fed with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed performed on par with those fed with wild plankton and Artemia with no significant difference in CF. These findings demonstrated that the culture of H. reidi may be feasible with rotifers and Artemia enriched with Dan's Feed .  相似文献   

15.
An experiment was conducted for 120 days to evaluate optimum dietary lipid requirements for gonadal maturation of Cyprinus carpio fed with varying dietary lipid levels under biofloc‐based systems (BFT). About 180 fingerlings (22 g ± 0.05) were randomly distributed in 15 tanks (300 L) at the rate of 48 no./m2 and fed with varying lipid levels (T1—4% lipid with BFT, T2—6% lipid with BFT, T3—8% lipid with BFT, T4—10% lipid with BFT, control—10% lipid without BFT). The C/N ratio of 20:1 was maintained using tapioca flour as carbon source. Biofloc units supplemented with 8% dietary lipid (T3) showed advanced maturation in terms of absolute fecundity (9,913 ± 7.62), relative fecundity (229.0/g ± 11.92), gonadosomatic index (24.47% ± 1.27), hepatosomatic index (1.97% ± 0.07), condition factor (0.02 g/cm3 ± 0.00) compared with control (clear water with 10% lipid) (p < .05). Histological observations of gonads also revealed that the biofloc groups with supplementation of 8% dietary lipid promoted gonadal maturation for female oocyte and 6% dietary lipid promoted maturation for males, compared with control (clear water with 10% lipid). The results obtained in this experiment elucidate that the biofloc improves gonadal maturation of common carp broodstock at a dietary supplementation with 8% lipid compared with conventional system of broodstock management.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis on the histopathological changes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles (4.0 ± 0.02 g) challenged with known pathogenic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus are reported. Two isocaloric basal diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria B. licheniformis (1.0 × 109 cfu/g feed) and other without probiotic supplementation were fed to the M. rosenbergii juveniles for 45 days. The histological observations revealed no significant changes in the hepatopancreas and gut tissues of both the experimental and the control groups which indicate that the present bacterium is a safe candidate probiont for the host. Prawns were challenged with V. alginolyticus after 45 days of feeding with probiotic diet. The histopathological studies of the hepatopancreas revealed that M. rosenbergii fed with probiotic‐supplemented diet showed less changes as compared to the prawns fed with control diet on second and fourth day of post‐experimental challenge with V. alginolyticus. Histopathological observations revealed that the gills of the prawns fed with control diet were severely affected in comparison to the prawns fed with probiotic‐supplemented diet after challenging with V. alginolyticus. Results from this study revealed the improved protection by dietary incorporation of B. licheniformis in reducing the histopathological manifestations due to V. alginolyticus infection in freshwater prawn.  相似文献   

17.
An 84‐day feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ginseng extract (GE), tribulus extract (TE) and date palm pollen grains (DPPG) on growth, testosterone level and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings. Seven experimental treatments were conducted in three replicates: control fed basal diets without any supplementations, GE0.2 (supplemented with 0.2 g GE/kg diet), GE0.4 (supplemented with 0.4 g GE/kg diet), TE0.6 (supplemented with 0.6 g TE/kg diet), TE1.2 (supplemented with 1.2 g TE/kg diet), DPPG3 (supplemented with 3 g DPPG/kg diet) and DPPG6 (supplemented with 6 g DPPG/kg diet). The results indicated that all dietary phytochemicals significantly increased growth compared to the control. Plasma testosterone levels were improved by 86.27%, 64.58%, 57.35% and 24.58% with TE1.2, GE0.4, TE0.6 and DPPG6, respectively, more than the control. The relationship between testosterone and final body weight showed a significant simple linear regression with a positive correlation. The nutrient utilization imprxoved with higher doses of phytochemical supplementations. Moreover, protein content increased and ether extract decreased with phytochemical supplementation. The present results concluded that higher doses of GE, TE and DPPG could be used as growth promoters and testosterone boosters for Nile tilapia fingerlings.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of increasing levels of dietary phospholipids (PL) on the ovarian development and reproductive performance of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were investigated using four semipurified formulated diets supplemented with 0%, 1.2%, 2.4%, and 3.6% PL. Four groups of 40 females, with an average individual body weight of 95–120 g, were fed the experimental diets for a period of 7 months. Male crabs were introduced into the female rearing system in March, and mating, spawning, and egg hatching occurred in the following month. After 10 weeks of feeding, females fed the diet with 2.4% PL had a significantly higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than females fed the diet with 0% PL, whereas females fed the diet with 1.2% PL had a significantly higher hepatic moisture content and lower hepatic lipid content than the other groups (P < 0.05). After mating, the spawning rate was higher among females fed diets with 3.6% and 2.4% PL (95% and 92%, respectively) compared with females fed diets with 0% and 1.2% PL (both 81%). The results showed that egg production (total number of eggs/female) and fecundity increased with increasing dietary PL level, with females fed diets with 0% and 1.2% PL supplementation having significantly lower values than females fed the diet with 3.6% PL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary PL supplementation has a positive effect on ovarian development and reproductive performance of E. sinensis broodstock. Further study should aim to investigate the optimal PL level in the broodstock diet of E. sinensis in respect to offspring quality.  相似文献   

19.
This study was conducted to investigate the prebiotic effect of different Dietary Fibre Concentrates (DFC) (Mucilage =MG; Pectin = PN or β‐glucan + mannan = βg + M) on growth and somatic parameters, body composition and digestive enzyme activities of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). After acclimation, fish (7.16 ± 0.06 g) were allocated into 24 tanks (30 fish per tank) and triplicate groups were fed with Control diet (0 g kg?1 of DFC); diet supplemented with 5 g kg?1 commercial prebiotic (CP) or diets supplemented with 5 or 10 g kg?1 diet of MG; PN or βg + M. At the end of the trial (8 weeks), growth was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed diets supplemented with DFCs and did not differ from animals supplemented with CP. The animals that were fed Control diet presented a body protein content higher compared to those supplemented with diets containing pectin or β‐glucan + mannan (P < 0.05). However, fish fed diets added with β‐glucan + mannan yielded a higher level of protein deposited in the whole body. The activity of digestive enzymes was lower in the group supplemented with Pectin. Results indicate that supplementation with DFCs in the diet had positive effects on the performance of jundiá and are prebiotic potential candidate.  相似文献   

20.
The microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri were cultured with seaweed extract (SWE) from six different seaweeds and each SWE was used either as a supplement or as an alternative media to conventional f/2 medium. Microalgae cultured with only the f/2 media acted as the control treatment. I. galbana and C. muelleri were then fed to Penaeus indicus larvae, either singly or in combination, for 8 days to evaluate its nutritional quality. Shrimp larvae fed on microalgae cultured in f/2 media supplemented with SWE from Ulva lactuca or Enteromorpha intestinalis moulted faster (P < 0.05) to the second mysis stage compared with the control. Survival, total length and growth rates were better in shrimp larvae fed on microalgae previously cultured in media supplemented with SWE. In general, shrimp larvae fed microalgae cultured entirely in SWE performed equally well compared with the control. Shrimp larvae fed on mixed microalgae (I. galbana + C. muelleri) showed significantly better growth, survival and development compared with larvae on either single microalgal diet. It was concluded that microalgae cultured with SWE could be used as a low‐cost alternative media in producing live food for the hatchery production of shrimp larvae.  相似文献   

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