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栉孔扇贝神经节一氧化氮合酶的组织化学和免疫组化定位 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采用组织化学和免疫组化技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)神经节内的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)进行定位研究。组织化学显示,存在NOS的部位如下：脑神经节内纵行的神经纤维和表层的少量小细胞;足神经节表层的大量小细胞,中央大量水平分布的神经纤维;脏神经节中部大量水平分布的神经纤维,前叶内大量小细胞和神经纤维,后叶内少量小细胞和许多环行神经纤维,侧叶内大量似放射状分布的神经纤维;脑足和脑脏神经索内的神经纤维。免疫组化定位表明,神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在整个神经系统内均呈阴性;足神经节和脏神经节内有少量神经细胞呈内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)强阳性;各神经节和神经索内的部分小细胞和神经纤维呈eNOS弱阳性。栉孔扇贝进化上为较低等的贝类,NOS阳性神经细胞应主要分布于外周器官组织内。神经系统内大量的NOS可在其神经传导和免疫调节等方面发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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水温变化对凡纳滨对虾溶菌活力、一氧化氮合酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对虾养殖过程中，对虾可能会面临着多方面的环境胁迫（水质恶化、个体间的竞争、高密度拥挤、水温变化等）．由此而引发机体的应激反应，这虽是一种保护性反应，但长期处于应激状态下．机体的免疫功能会受到抑制。在免疫系统中由一氧化氮台酶催化产生的一氧化氮在生物抵抗疾病和免疫调控方面具有非常重要的作用，并且NOS能够作为反应对虾健康状况的有效指标。国内外有关环境胁迫对虾疫功能的影响已有报道．而水温急剧变化对虾免疫功能方面的研究未见报道。本文以一氧化氮合酶为指标， 相似文献
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采用人脐静脉内皮细胞株ECV304体外培养的方法,复制过氧化氢(H2O2终浓度为50μg/ml)诱导的血管内皮细胞氧化损伤模型,应用硝酸还原酶法检测一氧化氮(NO)的含量,采用化学比色法分别检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的活性。结果显示,与正常对照组相比,过氧化氢损伤的血管内皮细胞其GSH-PX活性、T-AOC、NO含量及T-NOS活性均明显降低(P<0.01),iNOS活性明显增加(P<0.01)。与损伤模型组相比,O-GAG各浓度保护组(50、100和200μg/ml)细胞的GSH-PX活性、T-AOC、NO含量及T-NOS活性均明显升高(P<0.01),而iNOS活性则显著降低(P<0.01)。表明牡蛎糖胺聚糖可以提高受损血管内皮细胞的抗氧化能力以及合成释放NO的功能,对H2O2诱导的血管内皮细胞氧化损伤有保护作用。 相似文献
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一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxidesynthase,NOS)专一性催化L-精氨酸转化为L-瓜氨酸和一氧化氮(nitricoxide,NO),产物NO是一种重要的生物信使分子,对其功能和代谢的研究越来越受人们的重视[1]。国际上,鱼类NOS的研究还刚起步,已有研究者在鱼类中检测到NOS的存在[2-5]。虹鳟[6]、金鱼[4]、大西洋鲑[7]和沟鲶[8]的诱导型NOS(iNOS)和神经型NOS(nNOS)的部分序列已鉴定。国内对哺乳动物的NOS也进行了研究[9-11],尚未见关于鱼类NOS方面的研究报道。JOURNALOFFISHERIESOFCHINA Vol.27,No.4 斜带石斑鱼(Epin… 相似文献
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盐度变化对凡纳滨对虾一氧化氮合酶水平及对病原敏感性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
凡纳滨对虾具有广盐性．对盐度变化的适应能力很强，目前关于盐度对虾生理功能影响的研究主要集中于盐度变化对虾渗透压和成活率的影响（马英杰等1999：臧维玲等2002）。普遍认为对虾缺乏特异性免疫，因此非特异性免疫在对虾抵抗外来病原入侵中具有非常重要的作用。由一氧化氮合酶（Nitric Oxide Synthase，NOS）催化产生的一氧化氮在生物抵抗疾病和免疫调控方面具有重要作用（Chakravortty等．2003）。有关对虾在感染白斑综合症病毒过程中血细胞中NOS活性的变化情况已有研究（姜国建等．2004）．而盐度变化对凡纳滨对虾NOS活性的影响未见报道。 相似文献
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本文研究嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah)感染对1+龄施氏鲟(Acipenser schrencki)血清中补体、一氧化氮(NO)水平及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响,以探讨鲟科鱼类细菌感染应答的敏感因子。首先采用腹腔注射法测定了Ah对施氏鲟的LD50,然后给健康非免疫状态的1+龄施氏鲟,注射LD50剂量Ah菌液,观察发病情况,同时采集健康组和病理模型组血清及肝组织样品,测定血清中补体、NO水平及NOS活性。结果显示:施氏鲟在感染Ah时,血清中补体C3、C4的含量均有一定程度升高,其中C3的含量显著升高,表明C3在施氏鲟对抗细菌感染中起重要作用。NO是感染应答中重要的炎性反应调节分子,在Ah感染后,施氏鲟血清中NO的水平显著升高,肝脏中的NO水平变化不显著。NOS在NO的生成中起关键作用,但施氏鲟感染后血清及肝脏中的NOS活性无显著变化,由于未做分型检测,属正常现象。 相似文献
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为了解日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)受嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染后血清酶活力的变化规律,将日本鳗鲡分为感染组和对照组,每组30尾,腹腔分别注射0.1 mL浓度为3×106CFU/mL的菌液和等量灭菌生理盐水。在注射后0、1、5、9、13、17、21、25、29、33 d从两组各取3尾日本鳗鲡,尾静脉取血,测定其酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的变化规律。结果显示:注射嗜水气单胞菌一段时间后,实验组鳗鲡的ACP和SOD的活力都显著高于对照组,且都在21 d时达到最高值,随后逐渐下降。结果表明:嗜水气单胞菌感染后,日本鳗鲡能够通过提高血清中ACP和SOD活力来提高机体对嗜水气单胞菌的免疫力,而对一氧化氮合酶的活力没有显著影响。 相似文献
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嗜酸小球菌对凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在饲料中添加不同剂量的嗜酸小球菌投喂凡纳滨对虾,并在投喂后的20、40和60d,分别测定凡纳滨对虾血清中的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、溶菌活力(Bacteriolytic activity)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP),并分析了这5种酶之间的相关性。结果显示,嗜酸小球菌能有效提高凡纳滨对虾体内的NOS、溶菌活力、T-SOD、ACP、AKP的活性;NOS与溶菌活力存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),与SOD存在显著负相关性,溶菌活力与AKP存在显著负相关性。表明在饲料中添加适量的嗜酸小球菌(剂量10mg/kg)可使凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子活力到达较高的水平;凡纳滨对虾血清中一氧化氮合酶对于嗜酸小球菌的添加量较为敏感,可作为评价嗜酸小球菌使用效果的指标之一。 相似文献
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杂色鲍血细胞中一氧化氮合酶活性的鉴别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一氧化氮合酶(Nitric oxide synthase,NOS)是催化L-精氨酸与O_2产生一氧化氮(Nitric ox- ide,NO)的一种合成酶,它广泛存在于生物体的各个器官和组织中,其活力大小可通过测定NO合成量的多少来决定。NO作为一种新型生物信使分子、效应分子和免疫调节分子,参与机体多种重要的生理病理活动,可以通过非特异性地杀伤细菌、真菌、寄生虫及病毒等。增强机体的非特异性免疫。本文采用生物化学法,以副溶血弧菌和脂多糖为刺激因子.并采用硝酸盐还原酶法测定了NO的水平,对杂色鲍血细胞中的NOS活性进行了初步鉴别。结果表明,加入副溶血弧菌组或LPS组NO水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),孵育4h后分别为对照组的1.84和1.92倍,孵育8h后分别为对照组的2.38和3.05倍,而且这一反应能被NOS抑制剂L-NAME所阻断,说明杂色鲍血细胞中存在NOS活性。 相似文献
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副溶血弧菌对斜带石斑鱼血清中一氧化氮合酶活力的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究感染副溶血弧菌对斜带石斑鱼体内一氧化氮合酶活力的影响 ,分别对斜带石斑鱼腹腔注射浓度为 5× 10 8cfu/ml、5× 10 7cfu/ml、5× 10 6cfu/ml的副溶血弧菌悬浮液 ,在注射后 2 4h、4 8h、72h、12 0h和 192h尾部取血 ,测定其血清中NOS活力的变化情况。结果表明 ,注射副溶血弧菌后斜带石斑鱼血清中NOS活力显著高于对照组 ,并且高浓度组NOS活力显著高于低浓度组 ,证明注射副溶血弧菌可以诱导斜带石斑鱼体内NOS活力的升高。 相似文献
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Praful S. Singru Amul J. Sakharkar Minakshi Mazumdar Nishikant Subhedar 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):297-309
Ultrastructural localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and immunohistochemical
detection of the enzyme in forebrain, pituitary, and pineal were undertaken in the teleost Oreochromis mossambicus. Application of post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed nNOS-labeled gold particles on the cilia, microvilli, mitochondria,
and Golgi complex of the ORNs. Gold particles were also seen adhered to microtubules in the axons that extend to the olfactory
nerve layer in the olfactory bulb. With light microscopy, nNOS-immunoreactive neurons were seen in preoptic area, nucleus
entopeduncularis, and parvocellular, and magnocellular subdivisions of nucleus preopticus (NPO). Numerous cerebrospinal fluid-contacting
cells lining the wall of the third ventricle at the level of the NPO showed intense immunoreactivity. Intense to moderate
immunoreactivity was observed in the neurons of suprachiasmatic nucleus, nucleus lateralis tuberis pars lateralis, and nucleus
recessus lateralis. While several immunoreactive fibers were detected in medial olfactory tract, suprachiasmatic area, and
hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, a few were seen throughout the telencephalon, in the optic chiasma, tuberal area, and inferior
lobes. In the pituitary, nNOS-containing fibers were seen in the neurohypophysis, rostral pars distalis, proximal pars distalis,
and pars intermedia. While intense immunoreactivity was noticed in some cells in the pineal, immunoreactive fibers were detected
in the pineal stalk as well as parenchyma. We suggest that nitric oxide may play a role in processing olfactory and photic
information, circadian rhythms, and neuroendocrine regulation in tilapia. 相似文献
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S. CHATZIFOTIS F. KOKOU K. AMPATZIS I.E. PAPADAKIS P. DIVANACH C.R. DERMON 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(5):405-415
This study aims at examining the effect of caffeine administration on growth, feed efficiency, and consumption of sea bream (Sparus aurata), reared in winter temperatures. Moreover, it is questioned whether caffeine has a central action in the brain and its effects are partly mediated via central brain mechanisms. For this, we studied the influences of caffeine treatment on the cerebral pattern of the cholinergic neurotransmission and the novel neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO), by means of acetyl‐cholinesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) histochemistry. Five different diets containing 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 g caffeine kg?1 of diet were administrated to five groups of fish. Caffeine adversely affected sea‐bream growth at a concentration higher than 1 g kg?1 diet and increased feed conversion ratio in the treatments of 2 and 5 g kg?1 (P < 0.05). The daily consumption of feeds was similar to all groups, indicating that caffeine did not influence diet palatability. AChE‐ and NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry showed densely labeled cells and fibers mainly in dorsal telencephalon, preoptic, pretectal, hypothalamic areas, optic tectum, reticular formation, cerebellum and motor nuclei. When compared with matched caffeine‐treated animals, no differences in the histochemical pattern and cell densities of cerebral AChE and NADPH‐diaphorase were found. 相似文献
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研究了PH胁迫对日本对虾血清非特异性免疫因子及对虾肌肉RNA/DNA比值的影响.结果表明,低pH胁迫组(pH 7.2)和高pH胁迫组(PH 9.2)总一氧化氮合成酶(TNOS)活力分别在3、12 h时达到最大;而诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(INOS)活力在3 h时达到最大值,随着胁迫时间的延长,酶活力逐渐降低,至72 h趋于稳定,并表现出高PH变化免疫适应能力较差的现象.两pH胁迫组酚氧化酶(PO)活力呈现峰值变化,在12 h时达到最大值,之后逐渐降低,至72 h后趋于稳定.溶茵酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力随着pH胁迫时间的增加而降低,同样表现出高PH变化免疫适应能力较差的现象.另外,PH胁迫条件下日本对虾的肌肉RNA/DNA比值显著低于正常对照组日本对虾肌肉的RNA/DNA比值,这可能是由于pH胁迫影响了对虾体内的物质代谢所致. 相似文献
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Fish testis is equipped with different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOSs) and is capable of producing nitric oxide (NO). Cellular sources of NO in the catfish testis are germ cells, Leydig cells, and macrophages. Production of testicular NO is under endocrine inhibitory control. Expression of NOSs exhibits seasonality and that depends on the reproductive status of fish. Leydig cells are highly sensitive to chemical as well as biological NO. NO inhibits testosterone production by the testis in vivo as well as by the isolated Leydig cells in vitro. 相似文献
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Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO), an important biological messenger from L-arginine. There are considerable evidence showing the expression of NOS in mammalian tissues. Information on distribution of NOS activities in various organs and tissues of fish is rare. Non-functional NOS activities were documented in fish semi-quantitatively either by an indirect nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity histochemical staining method or by an immunohistochemical method using a cross-reacting antibody to brain NOS. Report on the functional levels of NOS activities in fish is lacking. This report represent the first attempt to document the functional NOS levels in various fish organs and tissues. Constitutive NOS (cNOS) activities in various organs of big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) was measured by a chemiluminescence method with a detection limit as low as 10 mol of NO produced. It was found that constitutive NOS activity was highest in the brain, followed by the intestine, stomach, retina, olfactory lobe, swim bladder, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, ovary and liver. NOS activity could not be detected in the gill filaments. Omission of NADPH in the reaction mixture caused a 57–100% decrease in cNOS activities. However, omission of arginine in the mixture only caused a 56–87% drop in cNOS activities. When compared with cNOS activities documented from other species, a similar pattern of cNOS activities in the various organs and tissues of big-head carp could be seen. 相似文献