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1.
１９９５年６～１０月和１９９６年６～８月对中国对虾养及其与台湾红非鲫、菲律宾蛤仔、海湾扇贝或缢蛏的不同混养实验围隔浮游生物的研究结果表明,养管理措施和放养种类对围隔浮游生物种类和生物量都会产生一定影响,其中前者往往具主要作用。投饵养殖时围隔浮游植物以２０μｍ以下的种类为主,生物量较低,其中混养台湾红非鲫的围隔叶绿素ａ（Ｃｈｌ－ａ）相对较高,混养菲律宾蛤仔的围隔Ｃｈｌ－ａ较低;在投饵的基础上施肥后甲 相似文献
2.
不同单养和混养海水实验围隔初级生产力的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
１９９５年和１９９６年夏秋季进行的围隔实验表明投饵养殖时浮游植物毛初级生产力较低,水呼吸相对较高,多数围隔中毛初级生产力／水呼吸〈１,其中混养中国对虾和台湾红罗非鱼的围隔中毛初级生产力较高,而混养中国对虾,台湾红罗非鱼和菲律宾蛤仔的围隔中毛初级生产力最低;在投饵基础上酌情施肥后围隔毛初级生产力同于投饵养殖时,毛初级生产力／水呼吸〉１,但单养中国对虾,对虾与罗非鱼混养和对虾与海湾扇贝或缢蛏混养的围隔 相似文献
3.
对虾养殖实验围隔中的固氮作用及其氮输入 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９７年６～１０月,以乙炔还原法进行了不同放养模式下对虾养殖实验中生物固氮作用的测定。结果表明,各围隔中,对虾单养（Ｙ－４）和对虾＋海湾扇贝（Ｙ－５）的固氮作用较高,均值分别为２．６２μｇＮ／（Ｌ·ｈｒ）和２．６５μｇＮ／（Ｌ·ｈｒ）;对虾＋罗非鱼＋缢蛏（Ｔ－５）的最低,为１．５３μｇＮ／（Ｌ·ｈｒ）,对虾＋缢蛏（Ｙ－６）和对虾＋罗非鱼（Ｙ－７）的分别为２．３０μｇＮ／（Ｌ·ｈｒ）和１．８９μｇＮ／（Ｌ·ｈｒ）。各围隔中固氮速率较高与水体有效氮含量较低及有效氮磷比值不高有关。水层固氮蓝藻主要为蓝球藻（Ｃｈｒｏｃｏｃｕｓ）和念珠藻（Ｎｏｓｔｏｃ）。估算各围隔实验期间固氮作用输入分别为Ｙ－４∶１７．７２ｇ;Ｙ－５∶１９．６３ｇ;Ｙ－６∶９．０５ｇ;Ｙ－７∶１０．５９ｇ;Ｔ－５∶７．９９ｇ。 相似文献
4.
对虾池不同综合养殖系统效率和效益的比较研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用５０个５．０×５．０×１．８ｍ陆基围隔研究了中国对虾与台湾红罗非鱼、海湾扇贝和缢蛏投饵或施肥混养及鲈鱼与中国对虾和台湾红罗非鱼混养最佳结构的生态效率、生产效果和经济效益。结果表明,几种综合养殖系统最佳结构下各种养殖对象对Ｎ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（３０．９１％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（２１．０９％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（２０．１２％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１７．８１％）＞对虾－缢蛏（１６．９３％）＞单养对虾（１１．５２％）;对Ｐ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：对虾－缢蛏（１６．０８％）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１２．８３％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１２．６３％）＞单养对虾（１０．８８％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（６．０１％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（４．０４％）;其产出投入比由高至低依次为：对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１．９９）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（１．９８）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（１．５３）＞单养对虾（１．３８）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１．３０）＞对虾－缢蛏（１．２３）。 相似文献
5.
不同单养和混养海水实验围隔浮游生物的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1995年6～10月和1996年6～8月对中国对虾单养及其与台湾红非鲫、菲律宾蛤仔、海湾扇贝或缢蛏的不同混养实验围隔浮游生物的研究结果表明:养殖管理措施和放养种类对围隔浮游生物种类和生物量都会产生一定影响,其中前者往往具主要作用。投饵养殖时围隔浮游植物以20μm以下的种类为主,生物量较低,其中混养台湾红非鲫的围隔叶绿素a(Chl-a)相对较高,混养菲律宾蛤仔的围隔Chl-a较低;在投饵的基础上施肥后甲藻等鞭毛藻类易大量发生成为优势种,浮游植物生物量较单纯投饵时有所升高,但单养和混养对围隔Chl-a的影响不明显。非鲫捕食往往导致大型桡足类在浮游动物生物量中的比例下降,贝类则通过食物竞争同时使桡足类生物量降低和种类小型化,由于非鲫与海产贝类的食物灶存在一定分化,二者混养至少对贝类有利,因此鱼虾贝混养应较鱼虾混养或虾贝混养效果更好。 相似文献
6.
《水产科学》2021,(4)
以海水池塘陆基围隔试验法比较研究拟穴青蟹、斑节对虾、缢蛏三元混养模式,以拟穴青蟹、斑节对虾为基础,作为对照组(CS),混以5个不同搭配比例的缢蛏,即5个处理组(CSR1、CSR2、CSR3、CSR4和CSR5),对各混养模式的养殖效果、氮磷收支及利用率等方面进行单因素方差分析和多重比较。试验结果显示,各混养模式下饲料是氮、磷主要输入方式,分别占氮、磷总输入的84.02%～86.31%与98.08%～98.83%,底泥沉积是氮、磷主要输出方式,分别占氮、磷总支出的44.21%～56.40%与50.38%～60.96%;不同混养模式下,养殖生物在规格、成活率、特定生长率、产量以及产值方面均存在差异,采用CSR3和CSR4混养模式可取得较高养殖效益;氮、磷利用率方面,各处理组氮利用率为12.35%～32.66%,且CSR5CSR3、CSR4CSR1、CSR2CS,差异显著(P0.05);磷利用率为9.38%～23.10%,CSR3、CSR4、CSR5CS、CSR1、CSR2,差异显著(P0.05)。试验结果表明在虾、蟹混养系统中加入适量密度缢蛏,可显著提高养殖系统养殖效益与氮、磷利用率。综上所述,结合养殖投入、养殖效益与氮、磷利用率等方面数据,CSR3处理组密度搭配最为合理,即在本试验条件下,青蟹、斑节对虾、缢蛏最优搭配为拟穴青蟹35只/25 m~2、斑节对虾300尾/25 m~2、缢蛏1000个/25 m~2。 相似文献
7.
对虾池封闭式三元综合养殖的实验研究↑（*） 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用海水陆基围隔实验法探讨以对虾为主的中国对虾（ Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 、罗非鱼（ Ｏ．ｍｏｓｓａｂｉｃｕｓ×Ｏ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ） 和缢蛏（ Ｓｉｎｏｎｏｖａｃｕｌａ ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔａ） 投饵混养的最佳结构及Ｎ、Ｐ 的利用率等,并比较其养殖效果。结果表明,对虾的成活率、规格和净产量分别为７０ ．７４ ～８１ ．９５ ％ 、９ ．１６ ～１０ ．２１ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和４８５ ．４ ～５６７ ．６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ;罗非鱼的出塘规格和净产量为２０２ ．４ ～２４２ ．５ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和６６ ．９ ～１９１ ．９ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ;缢蛏的出塘规格和净产量分别为５ ．２３ ～６ ．１２ ｇ／ｉｎｄ 和１４０ ．４ ～４５６ ．５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ 。最佳结构与放养个体数的配比为对虾７ ．２１ ｉｎｄ／ｍ２（ 体长２ ｃｍ 左右） 、罗非鱼（ 体重１５０ ｇ 左右）０ ．０８ ｉｎｄ／ｍ ２ 和缢蛏（ 壳长３ ｃｍ 左右）１４ ｉｎｄ／ｍ２ 组,其Ｎ、Ｐ的总利用率为２３ ．３９ ％ 和１４ ．６６ ％ 。 相似文献
8.
海水养殖实验围隔中海洋原甲藻水华的发生及其影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
研究发现在ＰＯ４－Ｐ浓度较高且静滞的围隔水体中海洋原甲藻易大量发生形成水华;发生水华后围隔水呈棕红色,浮游植物生物量,叶绿素α,初级生产力,水呼吸,ＣＯＤ和ＰＯＣ等都显著升高,溶解氧和透明度随海洋原甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移表现出相应的昼夜变化;发生水华的围隔内中国对虾和台湾红尼罗罗非鱼尚能存活和生长。但体色暗红,海湾扇贝则全部死记,表明海洋原甲藻水华对海立贝类的危害较鱼类和虾类更为严重。 相似文献
9.
光合细菌在盐碱地池塘改良水质的研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
研究了光合细菌（ＰＳＢ）在低洼盐碱地池塘围隔中对水化因子和浮游生物的影响。结果表明：ＰＳＢ的施用对水化因子有较大的影响,其中水体中ＤＯ、ＮＯ３－－Ｎ升高,而ＮＨ４－Ｎ、ＮＯ２－－Ｎ、和ＣＯＤ降低,而对ＰＯ４３－－Ｐ影响不明显。当ＰＳＢ浓度高时,可提高水体的ｐＨ值;对浮游生物无明显影响;ＰＳＢ的一次施用量为１０ｐｐｍ,一次效用时间为６天左右,因而ＰＳＢ可达到改良水质,进而改善水质的目的,尤其在水质恶化时,其作用更显重要。 相似文献
10.
采用围隔设置单养虾(S)、单养藻(A)、虾藻混养(SA)、虾鱼藻混养(SFA)4种不同养殖模式,探讨菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)对围隔高密度对虾养殖过程中产生的污染进行净化和水质调控作用。结果表明,养殖菊花江蓠的围隔水体中有更高的DO水平和较低的营养盐水平,说明对养殖水体的环境因子和营养盐都能起到很好的调控作用。水体中弧菌密度也较低,养殖环境稳定性好,使得养殖的对虾生长快,成活率高。与S相比,SA中的对虾成活率提高了32%。本实验对于采用搭配大型海藻进行养殖污染的净化与水质调控方法是可行的和有效的。 相似文献
11.
用８个３ｍ×８ｍ的实验围隔，研究了静水海水池塘对投饵养殖台湾红非鲫的鱼产力和负荷力。放养量为０．６７、１．００、１．３３、１．６７尾／ｍ＾２四个水平。每日投喂颗粒饲料４次，投饵量以鱼体重的３％为基础，再根据鱼的摄食情况加以调整，以１．５ｈ内吃完为准。 相似文献
12.
Effects of different feed management treatments on water quality for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lauren N Jescovitch Carter Ullman Melanie Rhodes Donald Allen Davis 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):526-531
Increasing feeding rates may provide an increase in production, thus nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter will also increase. These nutrients promote a greater oxygen demand and concentrations of toxic metabolites which can lead to frequent problems with low dissolved oxygen and an abundance of blue‐green algae. Four feed management practices were evaluated among sixteen 0.1 ha ponds culturing Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Feeding treatments included hand feeding using the Standard Feeding Protocol (SFP), SFP plus 15% from 8 to 16 weeks, an automatic‐solar timer which fed SFP+15%, and an AQ1 acoustic demand feeder allowing up to 12 kg/day·pond based on shrimps feeding response. Samples were analysed at weeks 0, 4 and 8–16 for the following parameters: chlorophyll a, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total suspended solids, total suspended volatile solids, turbidity, conductivity, salinity and biological oxygen demand. Samples were collected and shipped overnight to Auburn, Alabama for off‐site analysis. On‐site water quality was also obtained at the farm. The AQ1 acoustic demand feeder produced the most shrimp with a yield of 4,568 kg/ha; however, the AQ1 also had the highest total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite–nitrogen levels late in the growing season. The AQ1 feeder may be a viable, reduced labour and cost alternative for the shrimp commercial industry; however, such technologies must also be matched to the ability of the production system to process nutrients. 相似文献
13.
A 55‐day mesocosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of commercial microbial products (Novozymes Pond Protect and Novozymes Pond Plus) and extra carbon (glucose) on water quality and bacterial community in a fish polyculture system. A 2 × 2 layout, including four treatments (non‐supplementation of the microbial products or glucose, adding glucose, adding the microbial products and adding the microbial products and glucose in combination), was established. The microbial products and glucose were added on the 40th day, 46th day and 52th day. Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate reduced in the tanks after glucose addition, while adding the microbial products did not significantly affect ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Adding the microbial products and glucose affected relative abundance of some bacterial taxa, but did not reshape bacterial community. Non‐positive interactive effect on water quality and bacterial community was detected between the microbial products and glucose. This study reveals that supplementation of the microbial products did not benefit water quality in the fish polyculture system, and glucose addition could reduce ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. 相似文献
14.
Selected water quality variables were measured at monthly intervals for 1 yr in 10 commercial channel catfish ponds in northwest Mississippi. Temporal changes in most variables appeared to be related to seasonal periodicity of phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton standing crops and total organic matter were highest in summer months when primary production was favored by warm water temperatures, high solar irradiance, and large inputs of nutrients resulting from high summer fish feed allowances. As day length, water temperature, and feed inputs decreased in autumn and winter, phytoplankton abundance and organic matter concentrations decreased. Seasonal changes in total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations were similar to phytoplankton abundance because much of the total nitrogen and phosphorus was contained within phytoplankton cells. Contrasting to the seasonal trend for total nitrogen, concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were lowest in the summer and highest in the cooler months. Rapid assimilation by phytoplankton served to maintain relatively low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen during the summer despite highest nitrogen loading rates during that period. Low water temperatures and generally less favorable conditions for phytoplankton growth decreased rates of nitrogen assimilation in the winter and ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate accumulated. Soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations were low throughout the year because physico-chemical processes, such as precipitation and adsorption to bottom muds acted to continually remove inorganic phosphorus from the water column. 相似文献
15.
Janaina Mitsue Kimpara Julio F. Queiroz Michael Bernard New 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):210-219
Studies to determine suitable levels of intensification are essential for developing sustainable aquaculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of effluents discharged from ponds stocked with 10 (D10), 20 (D20), 40 (D40), and 80 (D80) postlarvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum/m2. Intake and effluent water samples were taken throughout a 5.5‐mo grow‐out cycle. In that study, twelve 0.01‐ha earthen ponds were stocked postlarvae with 0.01 g. Average water exchange rate was 15%/d; water was discharged from the bottom of the ponds. Prawns were fed a commercial feed with 38% crude protein according to their biomass (3–10%) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). In our research, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids, conductivity, DO, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N‐ammonia, N‐nitrite, N‐nitrate, N‐Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble orthophosphate were measured every 15 d throughout the experiment in the early morning (0630 to 0730 h). Turbidity was lower in D10 than in D20 and D40 and total phosphorus was higher in D80 than in D10 and D20. An analysis of principal components comparing treatments and intake water showed three groups: intake, D10 and a cluster of D20, D40, and D80. On the basis of the water characteristics found in our study it appears that the farming of M. amazonicum is likely to have a low environmental impact, at least up to a stocking density of 80 prawns/m2. 相似文献
16.
A 74‐day experiment was conducted to evaluate the production performance and water quality variation in three types of farming system for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. The tested aquaculture models included monoculture of largemouth bass (MC), polyculture of largemouth bass, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (PC), and integrated culture of largemouth bass, gibel carp, silver carp and freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (IC). The ratio of largemouth bass, gibel carp and silver carp was 30:2:1 in the PC model, and the ratio of largemouth bass, gibel carp, silver carp and mussel was 30:2:1:5 in the IC model. The largemouth bass were fed with formulated feed twice daily. No significant differences were found in weight gain and yield of largemouth bass, total fish yield, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) utilization efficiencies, N and P wastes, pH, nitrite, nitrate, reactive phosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, 5‐day biochemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll a, primary productivity among the MC, PC and IC models. The ammonia was lower, while the dissolved oxygen was higher in the PC tanks than in the MC tanks. These results suggest that the environment situation was better in the PC tanks relative to that in the MC tanks. The present study reveals that the PC model should be a way to optimize the aquaculture model for commercial largemouth bass farming. 相似文献
17.
18.
Kasidit Nootong Prasert Pavasant Sorawit Powtongsook 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(3):339-346
The daily addition of tilapia feed and tapioca starch at the C : N weight ratio of 16:1 was conducted to examine the effectiveness of biofloc‐mediated assimilation and nitrification in the zero‐water exchange tilapia cultivation tanks. Inorganic nitrogen concentrations in treatment tanks receiving feed and tapioca starch indicated profiles, which resembled the start‐up of biofilters. Assimilation was essential for the control of inorganic nitrogen concentrations prior to the occurrence of complete nitrification as confirmed by an increase in suspended solids concentration from 52 to 1180 mg SS/L, a slower rate of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite accumulation, and lower concentrations of TAN and nitrite relative to those in control tanks receiving only feed addition. Effective control of inorganic nitrogen concentrations (i.e., TAN and NO2‐N <1.0 mg N/L) was observed in both systems when complete nitrification was established after approximately 6–7 wk regardless of starch supplementation. Results from the nitrogen mass balance suggested that nitrification and, to a lesser extent, assimilation were responsible for inorganic nitrogen control in treatment tanks. 相似文献
19.
Effect of Golden Shiners on Plankton and Water Quality in Ponds Managed for Intensive Production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Water quality variables and plankton were monitored and compared between ponds that were stocked or not stocked with golden shiners in order to determine what changes occur in the plankton community and water quality of ponds managed for intensive production. Ponds with shiners had significantly lower phosphate and carbon dioxide concentrations and lower carbonate alkalinity than ponds without shiners. No significant difference in nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, temperature, secchi disk readings, or turbidity levels was found between the treatments. The standing crop of phytoplankton was nearly twice as great in ponds with fish. Ponds with fish had significantly fewer copepods but more rotifers than fishless ponds. Although the fish were offered a commercial feed with 29.5% protein and 1.5% crude fat at 3% of their biomass daily, they apparently continued to feed on crustacean zooplankton. 相似文献
20.
David D. Kuhn Gregory D. Boardman Steven R. Craig George J. Flick Jr Ewen McLean 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(1):72-82
Recovering nutrients in a fish effluent to be used as a supplemental feed for shrimp culture could ease constraints (e.g., environmental issues and high production cost) that have limited the US shrimp farming industry in the past. In this study under laboratory scale conditions, fish effluent was collected from a commercial tilapia farm and nutrients from the waste stream were offered as supplemental feed as either (1) untreated solids from tilapia effluent or (2) microbial flocs generated from the biological treatment of the effluent by reducing soluble chemical oxygen demand >80%. The first feeding trial demonstrated that microbial flocs contributed significantly (P < 0.05) to overall growth while untreated solids did not. Moreover, microbial flocs were larger and contained higher levels (P < 0.05) of protein. The second feeding trial investigated different feeding rates of commercial diets with and without microbial floc supplementation. Weekly measurements of mass and specific growth rates demonstrated that microbial flocs significantly (P < 0.05) contributed to shrimp performance. Weekly food conversion ratios were also reported. Water quality in shrimp systems during both studies was within safe levels, and no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments were observed for dissolved oxygen, nitrate‐nitrogen, nitrite‐nitrogen, pH, salinity, total ammonia nitrogen, and temperature. 相似文献