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1984－2017年洪泽湖湿地植被覆盖度变化及对水位的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示洪泽湖湿地植被覆盖度变化状况,探讨其变化趋势,并分析植被覆盖度与水位的相关关系。本文基于1984－2017年间42期的TM/ETM+/OLI数据,采用像元二分模型估算洪泽湖湿地植被覆盖度,分析研究区域近34年来植被覆盖度的整体特征及动态变化趋势。利用归一化差异水体指数提取洪泽湖的水体信息,同时结合植被覆盖度与其对应的水位监测数据,运用统计分析的方法构建洪泽湖四季的植被覆盖度－水体面积－水位关系模型。结果表明：(1) 研究时段上,洪泽湖湿地的整体植被覆盖度呈略微降低的趋势,中高和高植被覆盖区主要分布于研究区域的西北部及南部。(2) 1984－2017年间,洪泽湖的植被覆盖情况以退化为主,退化面积约为576.1km2,其中不显著退化(82.3%)所占比重最大。(3) 整体上看,研究区的植被覆盖度、水体面积与水位呈极显著性相关,根据三者关系模型得出四季的最适宜水位为春季12.3m、夏季12.9m、秋季12.1m和冬季12.2m。研究结果可为洪泽湖湿地生态环境的科学管理提供理论支撑与技术参考。 相似文献
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针对湿地环境复杂、类型多样且难以从景观尺度进行识别的特点，为解决遥感影像“同物异谱、异物同谱”的难点，探讨湿地遥感信息提取方法，可为湿地管理保护提供基础数据。以江苏省为研究区，高分一号影像为数据源，结合不同地物的环境特征和空间特征，采用CART决策树法进行地物分类，并提取湿地信息；选取影像纯净像元为训练样本，根据样本数据特征，制定分类规则。集成高分影像的光谱特征、植被指数、水体指数、土壤调整植被指数、纹
理信息、主成分分析波段和辅助地形数据，构建CART决策树模型，实现地物分类，最终采用混淆矩阵和分类精度指标进行评价，并与最大似然分类方法进行对比。结果表明，分类总体精度达到86.77%，Kappa系数为0.85，精度较最大似然分类提高了将近16%，Kappa系数提高了近0.2；遥感解译成果统计表明，2016年江苏省湿地总面积为14 053.12 km2；其中，水域面积12 585.59 km2，沼泽574.18 km2，滩涂893.35 km2，分别占湿地总面积的89.56%、4.09%、6.35%。研究发现，CART决策树分类精度高于最大似然监督分类，具有较强的实用性和优越性，对大面积湿地信息提取具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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高山水体由于其所处的海拔较高,对气候变化反应敏感,在应对全球气候变化方面具有突出的贡献,并且由于其分布格局等基础信息的缺失,导致目前高山水体各方面的研究还较为缺乏,本文将初步探索高山水体研究的意义和保护价值,为后续工作打下基础。运用Google Earth和ArcGIS等软件,对24°39'51″~29°14'59″N和98°07'55″~101°30'44″E、总面积88 632 km2的滇西北地区976个天然湖泊海拔、水面面积等信息进行收集,并主要针对该区域水面面积小于0.1 km~2的水体数量及其分布格局进行研究,新定义水面面积小于0.1 km2的水体为微水体。结果表明,滇西北地区共有微水体942个,占天然湖泊数量的96.5%,平均面积10 283.1 m~2,总面积9.7 km~2,占整个滇西北地区总面积的0.01%,占整个滇西北地区天然湖泊面积的2.3%。滇西北地区微水体平均海拔3 987.9 m,密集分布于高山山脊附近,其海拔分布范围较大、中型湖泊更高且区间更广。尽管滇西北地区微水体总面积占区域总面积比例非常小,但其庞大的数量、广阔的流域面积和海拔分布格局,决定了高山微水体在本地区生态系统中的功能和生物多样性形成与稳定方面的贡献不容忽视;微水体的保护和治理成本要远远低于大型湖泊,且保护效益明显,应重点关注。 相似文献
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王琳 丁放 曹坤 袁立来 毛智慧 李慧峰 张孝勇 李凯 杨文波 李小恕 李慧琴 张辉 吴金明 杨海乐 朱挺兵 杨德国 倪朝晖 李云峰 林祥明 李应仁 危起伟 《水产学报》2023,47(2):029302-029302
采用中-大尺度遥感监测手段，对长江流域水域及消落区开展调查与分析，重点阐述长江流域从自然水体为主向人工水面为主的变化趋势，及其对长江流域天然渔业资源衰退的潜在影响。结果显示，近40年全长江流域历史最大水面约63 360 km2，最小水面约26 396 km2，历史最大消落面积约36 964 km2。2019—2020年“一江两湖七河”最大水面约为19 663 km2，最小水面约为14 281 km2，消落区面积6 337 km2，其中反季节性消落区633 km2。2001—2020年和1984—2000年两时段相比，地表水减少水面中超过80% 来自于具有自然水文情势的消落区，而新增水面中，由于水库充填导致的河流水面增加达5 500 km2，致使长江流域水域类型组成结构发生了巨大转变，自然水体占比不足20世纪80年代的一半，而同时期的鱼类资源现存量也下降为20世纪80年代的一半。本研究首次明确反季节性消落区的概念，探讨了长江流域河流梯级水库充填形成的反季节性消落区与鱼类“三场”(产卵场、索饵场和越冬场) 关键栖息地丧失的关系。 相似文献
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对养殖水面低产原因进行分析,目前省内还未见报道。我们于1990年10月至1991年2月,对全县养殖水面进行调查分析。现将情况报告如下: 一、标准和方法调查对象是已进行人工放养的水面,并将水体分为山平塘、集中连片精养池(50亩以上)、湖泊、水库、河沟等五大类。以1988～1990年三年平均每亩养殖产量作为衡量标准。产量采用统计年报数,面积以水面普查数为准。50亩以上的水体统计到块。 1.标准:如表1 相似文献
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浙江省诸暨市属丘陵地带,全市有养鱼水面7万亩,其中70%为山塘小型水库,为了做好水产业内部结构调整,进一步提高以灌溉为主的小型水库经济效益,2002年,我们进行了小型水库河蚌育珠试验,取得了较为理想的效益。一、基本情况1.水库选择 虾公湖水库集雨面积3.4km2,正常水位时的养鱼面积57亩,平均水深3.5m,最深处水深8.7m,下游灌溉粮田105亩。2.清塘消毒 因为灌溉需要,水库不能干池,2002年1月上旬,用100kg/亩生石灰带半库水体进行清库消毒。3.鱼蚌放养 2002年2月上旬,放养于前年10月份插种好的体质强壮、无病害的一龄三角帆蚌1000只/亩… 相似文献
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北海市位于北部湾东北岸,海岸线长500km,其中陆地岸线468km,海岛岸线32km。内陆水域广阔,总水面达27．3万亩,其中江河93条,9．3万亩,总长558km,集雨面积6930km^2,山塘水库42座(处)9．2万亩,沟渠3．7万亩,池塘5．1万亩。可渔面积11万亩,占总水面的40．3％。同时,全市拥有水田72万亩, 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters. 相似文献
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Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted. 相似文献