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1.
以安徽省巢湖市为实验区,以国产高分一号(GF-1)和资源三号(ZY-3)高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,以NDWI和纹理特征作为分类特征,联合随机森林、支持向量机和BP神经网络3种分类方法,发展了一种集成分类模型,用于提取养殖水体信息,并进行阴影剔除和形态学处理。结果表明,该集成分类模型适用于提取养殖水体信息,总体精度为97.4%,Kappa系数为0.87,漏分误差为3.7%,错分误差为6.4%,相比单个模型精度明显提高;针对GF-1影像的增强阴影水体指数,对山体阴影和城市建筑阴影的剔除效果明显,较大程度上避免了阴影对水体提取的干扰;实验区养殖水体的遥感动态监测应用发现, 2016年相比2013年水产养殖面积增加6.9%。该研究理论与技术成果的应用,有助于及时掌握养殖水体的时空分布及动态变化,快速提升中国渔业管理的信息化和科学化水平。 相似文献
2.
鄱阳湖生态经济区湿地是我国重要的淡水湖湿地,也是国际上重要的生态湿地。但近年来该地区湿地呈现出萎缩退化的趋势,生态功能也逐渐下降。因此,对该地区湿地的动态变化及变化驱动力研究就显得尤为重要。本文基于eCognition面向对象的最邻近域法,选取最优特征组合,对鄱阳湖生态经济区1995,2005,2015三期遥感影像进行解译和分类提取。同时采取动态度和景观格局指数等指标对20年间该地区湿地的动态变化特征进行分析,并采用地理探测器研究其变化驱动力,从而为湿地变化预测及保护提供依据。结果表明：(1)从分类结果看,eCognition面向对象的分类方法对湿地影像的提取效果良好,三期影像分类结果总体精度均大于85%,Kappa系数大于0.85,分类结果较好 (2)鄱阳湖生态经济区1995至2015年间湿地总体面积减少,总体变化率为-22.7%。其中,减少最多的是天然湿地,共减少191083.19hm2。(3)鄱阳湖生态经济区20年间湿地的总体特征表现为各景观层次上总体变化较小,但各类斑块破碎化程度加大。(4)地理探测器结果表明人口密度、年均温及坡向均对湿地变化的空间分异有较强的解释能力,人口密度对湿地变化空间分异的解释能力高于年均温和坡向。本研究可以为鄱阳湖生态经济区湿地保护提供理论依据及数据支撑,也可以为我国及其他地区淡水湿地保护提供经验借鉴。 相似文献
3.
１９８７－２００４年洞庭湖典型湿地类型动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞庭湖湿地是我国重要的湖泊湿地,先后经历了大范围围湖造田和退田还湖。选取1987年12月、1995年12月和2004年12月3期TM遥感影像,通过决策树分类方法对其进行分类,计算土地利用类型转移矩阵,对洞庭湖典型湿地类型面积动态变化进行分析,以了解1987-2004年退田还湖前后自然湿地与人工湿地相互转化状况,为今后洞庭湖湿地保护提供数据支撑。结果表明,1987-2004年,人工湿地减少,自然湿地增长,增长主要集中在草滩地和芦苇滩地,草滩地增长速率为23.85km2/a,芦苇滩地增长速率为1.97km2/a。1987-1995年,尽管湿地总体上呈现增长,但自然湿地退化严重;1995-2004年,人工湿地呈现下降趋势,在自然湿地中,水域与泥沙滩地总体变化不明显,芦苇滩地与草滩地呈现增长。退田还湖对湿地保护起到了主要作用,但仍存在一些围湖造田现象,退田还湖工程实施没有得到完全落实。 相似文献
4.
利用高分一号、高分二号和北京二号等多源国产高分卫星遥感影像,采用面向对象分类方法,结合目视解译,提取了2015-2018年秦皇岛近海浮筏养殖信息,分析了浮筏养殖分布范围与分布面积的年际变化特征。结果表明:秦皇岛近海浮筏养殖主要分布在昌黎县近海海域,每年面积百分比在93%以上;而北戴河区和山海关区则是零星分布,且不是持续分布。近几年秦皇岛近海浮筏养殖总面积呈上下波动的变化趋势,以2016年数值最大,其次为2018年,2015年和2017年相对较小。随着北戴河及相邻地区近岸海域环境综合整治工作的推进,2018年北戴河附近海域已无浮筏养殖分布。 相似文献
5.
利用1989、1994、2004和2014年陆地卫星遥感资料,采用遥感影像解译手段、GIS数字化和叠加分析等方法,分析珠江口南沙湿地围填海开发进程,并通过对2002—2003年和2013—2014年两个时期10个航次的现场调查资料的对比分析,研究围填海对南沙周围水域生物的影响。结果表明:(1)4个时相南沙湿地海岸线长度分别为213.6 km、230.0 km、232.5 km和248.6 km。1989—1994年、1994—2004年和2004—2014年海岸线长度年增加幅度分别为3.28 km/a、0.25 km/a和1.61 km/a,海岸线向海推进最大距离分别为4900 m、1700 m和7700 m。(2)1989—2014年南沙湿地因围填海增加面积约46.3km~2,增加幅度最大的阶段为1989—1994年,增加面积占总增加面积的40.60%;其次是2004—2014年,增加面积占总增加面积的34.99%;1994—2004年围填海占用的滩涂面积最小(24.41%),南沙万顷沙和龙穴岛的围填海活动最为剧烈。(3)近10年来,南沙湿地浮游动物、大型底栖动物、潮间带生物、鱼类和头足类等生物资源种类分别减少了60.34%、73.21%、26.67%、79.78%和50.00%,栖息密度分别减少58.49%、12.38%、79.96%、78.78%和66.79%,生物量分别减少了82.16%、73.23%、15.83%、70.49%和62.43%。甲壳类的种类数和栖息密度分别减少了13.33%和69.85%,但生物量增加了114.20%。(4)浮游动物多性性指数增加了10.24%,大型底栖动物、潮间带生物、鱼类、甲壳类和头足类等多样性指数分别减少了71.10%、91.82%、18.18%、66.90%和73.68%,优势种更替显著。可见,南沙湿地围填海不仅改变了海岸线的类型和长度,占用了湿地资源,同时也对周边水域的海洋生物产生了不利影响。 相似文献
6.
东北地区湿地遥感监测与景观分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析东北地区湿地的时空变迁特点,可为东北地区湿地资源的合理利用、合理分配湿地资源、制定东北地区湿地保护和利用相关政策提供科学依据。以1975年MSS遥感图像、2013年CBERS遥感图像为数据源,借助于地理信息系统软件,采用人机交互目视解译的方法,并根据所建立的遥感解译标志,在遥感图像中解译出东北地区湿地信息;引入马尔科夫转移矩阵、重心迁移、景观格局等多种分析方法,探讨东北地区湿地时空动态变化特点。结果表明:近40年来东北地区湿地面积总体呈减少趋势,其中沼泽湿地面积减少24 769.9 km~2、河流湿地面积减少6 753 km~2、人工湿地面积增加22 017.4 km~2;非湿地与湿地各类型间转化明显,其中,沼泽湿地向非湿地、人工湿地转化显著,非湿地向沼泽湿地、人工湿地转化显著;湿地重心总体向南偏西方向迁移36.5 km,其中,人工湿地重心向北偏东方向迁移354.7 km、沼泽湿地重心向南偏西方向迁移261.4 km。景观格局分析显示,东北地区湿地总体向破碎化、多样化与不规则化发展。 相似文献
7.
以扬州市2002年、2007年、2013年的遥感影像为数据源,通过解译获得了扬州市湿地资源分布图,运用转移矩阵法及景观格局指数法对2002-2013年间扬州市湿地动态变化及景观格局演变进行分析,并利用主成分分析法对其驱动力进行探究。结果表明,扬州市2002-2013年湿地面积呈逐年下降趋势,2007年比2002年减少13.69 km2,降幅1.1%;2013年比2007年减少43.23 km2,降幅3.3%。2013年与2002年相比,河流面积稍有减少,降幅为5.6%;滩地面积增加73.2%;库塘面积所占比重由49.84%上升到55.37%,面积增加6.2%;湖泊面积降幅29.7%,所占比重由32.83%下降到24.14%。2002、2007、2013年,各湿地斑块所占景观面积比均为库塘>湖泊>河流>滩地。景观格局指数分析表明,湖泊、滩地及库塘呈现不同程度的破碎化,而河流湿地斑块形状趋于规则且连通性较好。扬州市湿地景观整体呈破碎化趋势,湿地斑块形状趋于复杂,景观多样性增加,各类型湿地呈均衡化趋势发展。社会经济发展、人口增加、第二产业比重及降雨量变化是导致湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
8.
探索不同类型河道湿地面积与水文站实测径流量的相关性，为黄河流域生态保护修复和管理工作提供支撑。选择黄河下游花园口-利津河段为研究对象，基于1986、1990、2000、2010和2020年5期遥感解译黄河下游湿地的类型、面积和格局，分析湿地动态变化及原因，结合黄河下游重要水文站实测径流量数据，探索黄河下游不同类型河道湿地面积变化与径流相关性。结果表明：（1）河流水面湿地为黄河下游河段湿地的主要组成部分，占湿地面积的45.9%~65.9%；（2）黄河下游河段的湿地面积从上世纪80年代至今虽然呈现萎缩趋势，面积减少约35.6%，但萎缩速度在不断减缓，湿地面积逐渐趋于稳定；（3）黄河下游游荡型、弯曲型和顺直型河段的湿地面积与径流量的相关性存在差异。游荡型和弯曲型河段河流水面面积与流量均呈正相关关系，但变化幅度不同，顺直型河段河流水面面积受流量的影响较弱，游荡型、弯曲型河段和顺直型河段滩地面积随径流量增大而减少，减少幅度各有差异，3种河段在不超过某一流量下，河流湿地的面积保持稳定，而超出一定流量范围后，湿地总面积均增加。 相似文献
9.
星海湖是干旱地区典型城市湖泊湿地,其生态环境及生态需水量极大程度上受土地利用变化及相关政策影响。以星海湖湿地为研究对象,利用GIS-遥感技术解译影像,提取不同时期土地利用类型面积,通过水量平衡原理、FAO56Penman－Monteith法开展1996-2018年星海湖湿地湖泊及周边植被生态需水研究,旨在为石嘴山市的生态环境保护、水资源合理利用及优化配置提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）星海湖土地利用格局以水域为主,建设用地、草地次之。水域面积整体呈现增长态势,从6.42km2（占比6.42%）增加至43.11km2（占比43.11%）;区域植被面积仅在1996-2005年期间迅速增加,增加至20.68km2(占比44.35%),之后逐年减少,至18年植被总面积为9.21km2（占比19.64%）。（2）星海湖湿地生态需水总量整体呈增长态势,仅在2014年有所下降,在2018年生态需水总量达到最高：最小生态需水总量为13449.80×104m3,适宜生态需水总量为13674.34×104m3;1996年生态需水总量达到最低：最小生态需水总量为2177.11×104m3,适宜生态需水总量为2314.37×104m3。合理的土地利用配置及管理,对水资源合理规划管理及局部生态环境改善、维护区域生态安全具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
为探讨济南市泉域范围的水源涵养量，利用Arcgis软件划定泉域范围，通过解译2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年和2020年的Landsat遥感影像数据，获取范围内土地利用类型；基于Invest模型并结合气象、土壤、地形等数据估算泉域水源涵养量，分析了近20年来泉域水源涵养量和涵养能力的时空变化及影响因素。结果表明，与2000年相比，泉域内土地利用类型变化较大，其中耕地面积变化最大，减少了470.1 km2；城乡居民点和工矿用地增长较快，增幅为9.1%；林地草地面积也呈增长态势，增幅为4.1%，面积占比达到了32.3%。泉域水源涵养量为157.9～238.3 mm，均值为188.8 mm，受降水影响较大；泉域水源涵养率为23.5%～25.9%，平均为24.2%，水源涵养能力较低。时间上，多年水源涵养率基本保持稳定；空间上，南部山区水源涵养能力较之前有所提升，中部受城市化影响而下降显著。各土地利用类型水源涵养量从大到小依次为：林地>草地>耕地>未利用土地>城乡居民点和工矿用地>水域和湿地，水源涵养率分别为49.15%、30.32%、20.09%、17.69%、8.62%和8.31%。区域内水源涵养功能区以一般重要区为主，面积占比40%，极重要区内林地占比为94.62%。植被类型和气象因素是影响区域水源涵养的主要因素，应结合土壤类型适当调整植被配置。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
16.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
17.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
18.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献