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本研究利用有丝分裂雌核发育建立牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)双单倍体(Doubled Haploids,DH)群体,对牙鲆体重、全长、背鳍长、腹鳍长、体高、尾柄高、头高和躯干长共8组表型性状标准化处理后,进行主成分分析,得到可解释全部性状90.4%的表型主成分性状。然后,基于JoinMap 4、MapDisto、JoinMap 4-DistortedMap、MapDisto-DistortedMap构建4个连锁图谱,用偏分离标记矫正数量性状位点(Quantitative Trait Locus,QTL)基因型条件概率,采用Bayesian模型选择方法定位牙鲆表型主成分性状的加性QTL和上位性QTL。结果表明,用不同方法构建的遗传图谱和表型主成分性状QTL定位结果均有所不同。在图谱构建中,与基于JoinMap 4构建的图谱相比,基于MapDisto构建的图谱中偏分离标记的相对位置和遗传距离都发生了变化,甚至有5个偏分离标记没有被定位到相应的连锁群上;相对于基于JoinMap 4和MapDisto构建的图谱,经DistortedMap校正后的图谱中偏分离标记的相对位置没有发生变化,但是偏分离标记间遗传距离发生了变化。另外,在4个图谱中都检测到3个加性QTL,分别位于6号连锁群上,可解释表型变异的12.95%、14.85%、11.56%和11.76%,9号、22号连锁群上,具有负向加性效应;9号连锁群上,可解释表型变异的13.86%、13.27%、11.17%和11.25%,具有负向加性效应;22号连锁群上,可解释表型变异的5.68%、4.36%、4.97%和3.58%,具有正向加性效应。同时,分别检测到28对、19对、29对和20对上位性QTL,主要分布在6号、7号、9号、17号、20号和22号连锁群上,可解释表型主成分性状变异的2.19%~17.62%、2.40%~22.26%、2.08%~26.0%、3.16%~22.05%。研究结果表明,基于MapDisto软件构建、经DistortedMap软件包矫正后的图谱,定位结果更加准确,但仍需进一步验证。 相似文献
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夹江花(鱼骨)的形态生物学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
测量分析了夹江花(鱼骨)的外部形态特征和框架特征,为其形态种质标准和系统分类研究提供参考.可数性状方面:背鳍Ⅲ-7,尾鳍19,臀鳍Ⅲ-6,腹鳍I-8,胸鳍I-16～19,第一鳃弓鳃耙数6～10,围尾柄鳞18～20,侧线鳞46(6.5-7.5)/(4.5-V)49,下咽齿3行、1.3.5-5.3.1,脊椎骨4 42～44;可量性状方面:全长为体长的1.20倍,体长为体高4.38倍、为头长4.18倍、为尾柄长5.52倍、为肠长0.84倍,头长为吻长2.79倍、为眼径4.21倍、为眼间距3.47倍,体高为体宽1.50倍,尾柄长为尾柄高1.77倍.体重与体长相关式为W=0.0123L3.083,n=30,r=0.9983.肥满度系数为1.57. 相似文献
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银鲑(oncorhynchus kisutch)形态性状测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对银鲑的形性状测量 ,初步进行了银鲑的种质研究。结果表明银鲑的形态性状如下 :全长 /体长为 1 1 2± 0 0 2 ,头长 /眼径为 4 46± 0 45 ,体长 /体高为 4 49± 0 32 ,尾柄长 /尾柄高为 2 2 9± 0 30 ,体长 /头长为 4 0 4± 0 2 1 ,体长 /叉长为 0 94± 0 0 3 ,头长/头高为 1 2 8± 0 0 8,体长 /尾柄长为 5 2 3± 0 30 ,头长 /吻长为 3 33± 0 2 7,头长 /眼间距为 2 68± 0 2 0 ,背鳍 1 0～ 1 3 ,腹鳍 1 0～ 1 1 ,胸鳍 1 3～ 1 6 ,臀鳍 1 2～ 1 7,侧线鳞 1 2 1～1 4 4 ,幽门盲囊 45～ 83 ,鳃耙 1 9～ 2 3,脊椎骨 58～ 66。 相似文献
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为挖掘镜鲤头长及头长体长比性状的主效QTL区间,实验利用368个SSR、336个SNP标记对镜鲤良种后代杂交F1群体的68个个体进行基因型检测,运用JoinMap 4.0软件包构建遗传连锁图谱。该图谱包含535个分子标记并被分配到50个连锁群上,覆盖基因组总长度为2 244.66 cM,标记间平均距离为4.63 cM。利用MapQTL 5.0(interval mapping,IM)区间作图法进行QTL检测。结果显示,共得到2个与头长相关的QTL区间,分别分布在LG21和LG42,可解释型变异分别为28.2%、32.6%;6个与头长体长比性状相关的QTL位于LG8、LG15、LG18、LG21、LG39、LG40,可解释表型变异范围是16.4%~49.3%。全部QTL区间中贡献率大于20%的主效QTL有7个,HL-21和HL-42是头长性状的主效区间;HBR-8、HBR-15、HBR-21、HBR-39和HBR-40是头长体长比性状的主效QTL区间。利用SPSS的一般线性模型(GLM)针对另一群体进行验证,结果表明HLJ692与镜鲤头长体长比显著相关。 相似文献
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对捕捞自闽东海域的209尾体质量7.70～66.09 g、体长79.88～150.70 mm的棘头梅童鱼的外部形态、可数性状和可量性状进行了研究,分析了形态特征参数间的相关关系。结果表明：(1)棘头梅童鱼鱼体呈长椭圆形,侧扁,背部呈浅弧形;头大而圆钝,额部隆起;口大,口裂倾斜度大;吻短钝,眼小;头部及体部被薄圆鳞,鳞小;侧线发达,略呈弧形;背侧面灰黄色,腹侧面金黄色,鳃腔上部深黑色;唇橙红色,口腔浅色。背鳍鳍棘部边缘及尾鳍末端为灰黑色,各鳍为淡黄色。(2)全长、肛前长、尾柄长、头长、眼径、头高、体高、尾柄高、眼后头长和体质量与体长存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01),体宽与体长存在显著相关关系(P<0.05)。(3)以体长为自变量、各参数为因变量进行拟合处理,结果显示,全长、肛前长、尾柄长、头长、眼径、体高、体宽和眼后头长与体长呈指数相关,而尾柄高、头高与体长呈线性相关,其中体质量(W)与体长(Sl)的拟合方程为：W=4.506 5×10-6Sl3.290 7(R2=... 相似文献
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三个地理种群鲂的形态差异与判别分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采集了北江、钱塘江、金沙河水库3个地理种群的鲂（Megalobrama skolkovii）414尾样本,用传统形态学和框架分析法,运用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析法比较研究了37个形态比例性状。结果表明：3个种群的口裂长／头长、吻长／头长、口宽／头长、上颌厚／头长、全长／体长、体厚／体长、头长／体长、尾柄长／体长、尾柄高／体长、尾柄长／尾柄高、1—2／体长、1—3／体长、2—4／体长、2—5／体长、3—5／体长、4—5／体长、4—6／体长、4—7／体长、5—6／体长、6—8／体长、6—9／体长、7—8／体长,及7—9／体长23个性状差异显著（P〈0．05）（1：吻端;2：头部后缘;3：胸鳍起点;4：背鳍起点;5：腹鳍起点;6：背鳍基部末端;7：臀鳍起点;8：尾鳍背部起点;9：尾鳍腹部起点）;聚类结果显示,北江与金沙河水库首先聚为一类,认为北江群体与金沙河水库群体形态最为相似;主成分分析构建了9个主成分,累计贡献率为60．26％;以Bayes逐步判别分析方法选用18个判别效果较好的比例性状建立了3个鲂地理种群的判别函数,判别率为99．03％。结果显示,可以通过形态比例性状来判断鲂的3个地理群体的归属。 相似文献
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采用灰色关联分析方法对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)10个选育家系的9个生长性状与体质量的关联度进行分析和评价。首先对体质量与生长性况进行数列无量纲化处理,计算出每个生长性状与体质量的关联系数和关联度,根据灰色关联度构建两两比较判断矩阵定量分析各生长性状对体质量的影响度。结果显示,每个生长性状与体质量的关联度由大到小依次为:全长(0.875 8)、体长(0.859 3)、尾柄高(0.830 7)、躯干长(0.827 7)、头长(0.803 5)、尾长(0.781 2)、体高(0.740 2)、吻长(0.665 7)和尾柄长(0.654 0)。体质量的主控因素为:全长、体长、尾柄高和躯干长4个性状,影响度分别为:28.51%、21.62%、16.41%和11.69%,四者的影响度总和达到78.23%。分析表明,与体质量关联度最大的分别是全长、体长、尾柄高和躯干长,且它们对体质量的影响度最高,可以将其作为培育高产牙鲆的重要评价指标,以提高选择效率。本研究旨在为制定理想的牙鲆选育目标、提高育种效率提供理论依据,同时拓展灰色关联度方法在水产动物育种研究中的应用。 相似文献
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鲇形目,鳞科的长须黄颡鱼Pelwobagrus eupogon在广西桂林漓江首次发现,为珠江水系新记录.采集标本1尾,全长254.78 mm,标准体长207.70 mm,背鳍Ⅱ-6,胸鳍Ⅱ-6,腹鳍i-5,臀鳍19,外部第·鳃弓鳃耙数16;标准体长为体高的9.32倍,为头长的6.46倍,头长为吻长的3.96倍,为眼径的4.21倍,眼间距的2.25倍,尾柄长为尾柄高的3.09倍. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献