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为调查福建某养殖场鲢大面积死亡原因，对发病死亡的鲢肠道内容物、肛门出血分泌物及养殖塘池水中进行病原菌分离、鉴定，并对分离菌进行致病性及药敏试验。结果表明，分离鉴定X1为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）,X2为嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila），且这2株菌对鲢具有致病性。在药敏试验中，X1菌株对15种抗生素耐药；X2菌株对新霉素、氯霉素、青霉素G等11种抗生素敏感，对阿莫西林、复方新诺明表现耐药性。 相似文献
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虹鳟烂鳃病病原调查报告 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从发病的三倍体虹鳟体内分离到2株细菌,经形态学、染色特性、溶血性和生理生化特性鉴定,确认为嗜水气单胞菌。将其接种到鲤鱼体内,鲤鱼于48h内全部死亡,从试验鲤鱼中分离到同样的细菌。药敏试验的结果表明,这种细菌对常用抗生素表现出不同程度的敏感性。结合流行病学调查、病理剖检和实验室病原分离鉴定,最终确诊,嗜水气单胞菌是引起三倍体虹鳟烂鳃病的病原体。药敏试验的结果表明,甲醛的抑菌效果最好。养殖基地的病鱼经过治疗,死亡现象得到控制。 相似文献
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斑点叉尾鮰暴发性败血症病原的分离与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
从3尾表现出血症状的患病斑点叉尾鮰（lctalurus Punctatus）体内各分离出一株病菌，测定结果显示致其急性死亡的致病菌为温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria），慢性死亡的致病菌分别为嗜水气单胞菌（A．hydrophila）和温和气单胞菌（A．sobria）。药敏试验结果表明：3株菌对广谱抗生素如氨苄青霉素、青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅵ和红霉素等已产生耐药性，而对菌必治、头孢肤肟和复达欣等高度敏感；菌株Jh-1和菌株Yh-3对复方新诺明、四环素、氟哌酸和丁胺卡那霉素高度敏感，而菌株Jh-2却低度敏感；环丙沙星和诺氟沙星对3株致病菌均具较好的抑菌、杀菌作用。 相似文献
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The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):461-465
Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season). 相似文献
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LuxR家族蛋白是一类在革兰氏阴性细菌中发挥重要作用的调控蛋白,参与细菌多项重要生理活动。采用RNAi技术构建嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila) luxR05735稳定沉默菌株luxR05735-RNAi,并利用qRT-PCR检测基因沉默效果。结果显示,与野生株相比,沉默株中luxR05735的表达量降低了96.8%。药物敏感性实验表明,与野生株相比,luxR05735-RNAi对庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、卡那霉素、吡哌酸的耐药性显著降低。对野生株与沉默株luxR05735-RNAi的转录组数据进行分析发现,表达差异显著的基因共有1286个,其中,上调基因353个,下调基因933个;显著富集的通路4条,分别是核糖体通路、精氨酸生物合成通路、硫代谢通路、硒化合物代谢通路;在这4条通路中可能与嗜水气单胞菌耐药性相关的重要功能基因包括metE、glnA、rplB、rplX、rpsA、rpsJ等,这些功能基因编码的蛋白主要与细菌的生物成膜及核糖体蛋白合成相关。综合以上研究结果,可以推测嗜水气单胞菌的luxR05735通过调控细菌的生物膜形成相关基因及核糖体蛋白相关基因的表达,从而调控细菌对药物的耐受性。 相似文献
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虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。 相似文献
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在基础饲料中添加0.5%的壳聚糖,采用3种不同的投喂方式(方式A:连续投喂基础饲料,对照组;方式B:连续投喂添加0.5%壳聚糖的饲料,连续组;方式C:先投喂0.5%壳聚糖饲料再投喂基础饲料且每15天间隔投喂,不连续组)饲喂初始体重(19.46±0.04)g的草鱼60d后,对草鱼进行饥饿胁迫处理[各投喂方式分为投喂组(feeding,F)和饥饿组(starvation,S)],以生长、一氧化氮(nitrogenoxide,NO)含量和溶菌酶(lysozyme,LSZ)活性为指标考察壳聚糖不同投喂方式对草鱼抗饥饿胁迫处理的能力。结果显示,(1)连续组和不连续组60d时草鱼增长率和增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),15d饥饿处理后也呈现投喂组和饥饿组的增长率和增重率高于对照组的趋势(P>0.05);(2)对照组头肾、肝胰脏NO含量和血清、头肾溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著高于投喂组(P<0.05),连续组除头肾外NO含量和各组织溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0.05),不连续组除脾脏外NO含量和除肝胰脏外的溶菌酶活性饥饿组显著低于投喂组(P<0.05)或与投喂组无显著差异(P>0... 相似文献
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该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检,进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验,并采用病毒检测等方法,以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明,斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性,体表光洁,肌肉透亮,肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜,健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力,而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象;虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低,随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低,随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min,成活率近100％;在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好,而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测,可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。 相似文献
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笼具形状对选育合浦珠母贝幼贝生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2011年8月,以海南三亚亲贝(♀)×广东徐闻亲贝(♂)构建的第一代选育合浦珠母贝(Pinctadafucata)群体为材料,研究长方形、圆柱形和半球形笼具形状在不同水深对合浦珠母贝幼贝(平均壳长1.4 cm)生长的影响。结果表明,长方形笼具在4 m水深时,幼贝的壳高和体重增长率最大,分别为24.55%和6.44%,显著高于其它水层(P<0.01);半球形笼具在3 m水深时,幼贝壳高和体重增长速度最大,分别为22.55%和5.40%,与其它水深的差异极显著(P<0.01);圆柱形笼具在6 m水深时,壳高和体重增长最快,增长率分别为22.46%和5.37%,显著高于3、5、7 m水深组(P<0.01),而与其余深度组差异不显著。此外,圆柱形笼具的高对合浦珠母贝的生长也有影响,在3 m水层20 cm高的圆柱形笼具中贝壳高和体重增长速度最大(增长率分别为24.70%和6.20%),与5、10、15 cm高度组差异显著(P<0.05);而长方形笼具虽然10 cm高的笼具较好,但与其它各实验组差异并不显著(P>0.05)。综合来看,合浦珠母贝在3～4 m水层用半径11.5 cm、高20 cm的圆柱形笼具或20 cm(长)×12 cm(宽)×10 cm(高)的长方形笼具养殖效果较好。但在制作成本方面,圆柱形笼具的成本低于长方形笼具。 相似文献
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Edwin H. Robinson L. Scott Jackson Meng H. Li Susan K. Kingsbury Craig S. Tucker 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1995,26(3):320-322
Channel catfish fingerlings were stocked into 16 0.04-ha ponds at a rate of 24,700 fish/ha on 5 May 1992. Four replicate ponds were used for each of the following treatments: 1) fed once daily at 0830h; 2) fed once daily at 1600h; 3) fed once daily at 2000h; and 4) fed on demand using demand feeders. Fish on the first three treatments were fed to satiation. All fish were harvested 145d after stocking. Results from this study showed that when channel catfish raised in ponds were fed once daily to satiation, time of feeding had no significant impact on water quality, feed consumption, feed conversion, weight gain, or body proximate composition. Fish fed on demand consumed more feed than fish fed once daily to satiation, but difference in weight gain was not significant. These data indicated that feeding time may not be critical for channel catfish production as long as fish are fed when dissolved oxygen is sufficient. Although feeding at night was not detrimental in this study, night feeding is not recommended on large ponds unless sufficient aeration is available to quickly provide oxygen in an emergency—and even then it would be problematic. 相似文献