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由于淡水尢核珍珠养殖要经过5年～6年的时间,生长周期长,且生产大而圆的优质珍珠甚少;淡水有核珍珠在外套膜植核后多数产生有尾巴珍珠,圆形优质珍珠比例也较少.因此笔者在外套膜已种植无核珠的三角帆蚌内脏团中做了植核试验,以求在较短时间内获得大而圆的优质珍珠. 相似文献
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池蝶蚌和我国的三角帆蚌为同属不同种,出产于日本滋贺县的琵琶湖.池蝶蚌是的优质淡水育珠蚌,具有以下特点:①容易养殖,池蝶蚌的生活习性与三角帆蚌非常相近,其繁殖、幼蚌培育、成蚌饲养技术也与三角帆蚌相似;②成活率高,池蝶蚌内脏团大,软体部分的重量占蚌体总重量的比例达45%,体质好,生命力强;③手术插核难度小,池蝶蚌双壳鼓起,壳间距大,且闭壳肌也强壮,其直径比三角帆蚌大20%,开壳宽度可超过1 cm,有利于手术操作;④育珠品质高,珍珠光亮度、珠层厚度以及品质都比其它淡水蚌手术蚌的珍珠要好;⑤贝壳利用价值高,池蝶蚌的贝壳比三角帆蚌的贝壳厚50%以上,尤其是贝壳的珍珠层较厚,有利于加工珍珠层粉,也是制作珠核、雕刻的最佳材料.目前,池蝶蚌在江西省被广泛推广养殖,在该省临川、都昌、万年、泰和等县市建立起示范推广基地2000多亩,直接参与池蝶蚌养殖的农户达1500多户,取得了丰厚的经济效益.笔者通过实地走访调查,查阅相关资料并结合多年蚌类养殖研究,对池蝶蚌的人工繁育技术总结如下: 相似文献
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体外培养三角帆蚌外套膜细胞的生物学特性及有核珍珠培育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过光学显微镜、透射电镜、流式细胞仪等方法对体外培养的三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingiiLea)外套膜细胞进行观察和检测,证明其具有与蚌体内细胞相同的生物学结构、分裂增殖能力和分泌珍珠质的生物活性。在此基础上,对三角帆蚌有核珍珠培育技术进行探讨。将培养细胞黏附在表面经过促黏壁物质处理的珠核表面,再插入育珠蚌体内培育,120 d后,蚌体内可形成完备的珍珠囊,并在珠核表面有明显的珍珠质沉积;6个月后,珍珠质可将整个珠核包裹起来形成有核珍珠。本研究初步证明了细胞法培育有核珍珠的可行性。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):149-154] 相似文献
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珍珠质量不高的原因是错综复杂的,细胞小片质量的优劣,是其中原因之一。现分十点,一一介绍。一、不同蚌龄的细胞小片对珠质的影响不同年龄的三角帆蚌制备的细胞小片所培育的珍珠质量也有差别。二龄三角帆蚌所制备的细胞小片育成的珍珠比六龄三角帆蚌所制备的细胞小片育成的1—3级珍珠高出32％。二龄三角帆蚌没有等外珠,而六龄三角帆蚌等外珠占40％。这是由于老龄 相似文献
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《水产学报》2020,(10)
为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合,探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性,以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异,利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌,获得9个育珠蚌组合,测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽,比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异,对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小,计算成珠率和圆度,分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示,无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能,以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组,S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优,SC和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优,而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外,其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数,C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大;三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合(S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合)及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合(Z-Z育珠组合)成珠率较高(91.67%～100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明,无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能,不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异,S-S、S-C和CC育珠组合插片后生长性能较好,成珠率高,珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等,该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。 相似文献
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插核手术对三角帆蚌血淋巴中 3 种免疫防御因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对三角帆蚌(Hyriopsls cumingii Lea)进行内脏团插核手术,并对术后机体免疫相关因子基因alpha-2巨球蛋白(α2M)、酶酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化情况进行研究,旨在为三角帆蚌内脏团育珠实践提供理论依据.实验选取100只健康三角帆蚌分为2组(各50只,每组各设5个重复,每重复各10只蚌),一组在蚌体内脏团进行插核手术(实验组),一组未经处理(对照组),分别饲养于相同条件恒温(24℃)淡水缸内.两组分别于插核后1天、2天、3天、5天及10天采集淋巴血,通过RT-PCR及酶活测定法研究α2M基因表达和ACP、SOD在术后活性的变化.结果发现,α2M基因在手术后表达量增加,在插核后第3天和第5天与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05);实验组血清和血细胞中ACP活性均显著高于对照组;实验组血清中SOD活性在第3天、5天、10天高于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组血细胞中SOD的活性低于对照组.本研究表明,内脏团插核手术后三角帆蚌机体的免疫防御调节增强,血液中免疫相关基因α2M的表达水平和免疫相关酶ACP和SOD活性均有明显变化. 相似文献
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为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合,探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性,以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异,利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌,获得9个育珠蚌组合,测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽,比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异,对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小,计算成珠率和圆度,分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示,无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能,以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组,S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优,S-C和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优,而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外,其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数,C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大;三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合（S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合）及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组合）成珠率较高(91.67%~100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明,无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能,不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异,S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好,成珠率高,珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等,该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。 相似文献
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Freshwater nucleated pearl quality is influenced by host mussel growth traits in Hyriopsis cumingii 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hyriopsis cumingii is one of the most important freshwater pearl mussels in China. Recently, this species can produce freshwater nucleated pearls of high quality. Here, we investigated whether nucleated pearl quality is influenced by the growth traits of the host mussel or other factors like cultivation period. We implanted host mussels with a spherical nucleus consisting of a small piece of mantle tissue from donor mussels. After 24 and 36 months of culture, host mussel growth traits including body weight and shell length, height, width and weight were recorded. These factors were then correlated with the quality traits of the pearls they produced, such as nacre thickness, size, weight, lustre and colour. Results indicated pearls obtained at 36 months after seeding were significantly larger in terms of nacre thickness, size and weight compared to those harvested at 24 months. In particular, nacre thickness (r = 0.33–0.48, P = 0.00), pearl size (r = 0.39–0.43, P = 0.00) and pearl weight (r = 0.35–0.47, P = 0.00) were showed to be significantly correlated with host mussels shell length, body weight and shell weight at 24 or 36 months. Larger and heavier host mussels tended to produce bigger pearls. In contrast, host mussels did not affect pearl colour. Cumulatively, our results suggest that longer culturing times and a larger host mussel may help produce better quality nucleated pearl. This information can help guide selective breeding programs designed to improve pearl quality produced by H. cumingii. 相似文献
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Allograft and xenograft mantle transplantations were studied in three species of freshwater pearl mussels, Hyriopsis (Limnoscapha) myersiana, H. (L.) desowitzi and Chamberlainia hainesiana, by transplanting foreign mantle tissue into the mantle tissue of a host mantle. The pearl sac is completely formed within 15 days after an allograft. After a xenograft from a C. hainesiana donor into a H. (L.) myersiana recipient, it took 13 days, and in the opposite case it took 15 days. For a H. (L.) desowitzi donor, it took 21 days in a C. hainesiana recipient and 27 days in a H. (L.) myersiana recipient. When the recipient was H. (L.) desowitzi, no pearl sac was observed after xenografts from either of the other two mussel species. Allografts of C. hainesiana and H. (L.) myersiana yielded the highest success rate of forming pearl sacs (96 and 97% respectively). Xenografts from a C. hainesiana donor into an H. (L.) myersiana recipient yielded 94%, and the opposite case yielded 90%. The first completed pearl layer was found for xenotransplantation into a C. hainesiana recipient from an H. (L.) myersiana donor at 126 days after transplantation. 相似文献
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Xilei Li Zhiyi Bai Hongrui Luo Guiling Wang Jiale Li 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(5):1577-1585
The freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii is the most important mussel species for freshwater pearl production in China. Mussel shell color is an important indicator of pearl quality. The objective of this study was to assess whether total carotenoid content (TCC) in H. cumingii is related to shell color. TCC of different tissues (gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, axe foot, mantle, and adductor muscle) of purple and white inner-shell H. cumingii was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that TCC ranged from 12.91 ± 0.78 to 56.30 ± 0.74 μg/g. In general, TCC was higher in the hepatopancreas, followed by the mantle, gonad, gill, kidney, axe foot, and adductor muscle. TCC in gonad, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, and mantle of purple mussels was significantly higher than that of white mussels. TCC in mussel tissues of H. cumingii was significantly different (P < 0.001) with respect to shell color. There were significant positive correlations between TCC in mussel mantle and shell color intensity. Future studies will assess the biological roles of carotenoids in shell color formation. 相似文献
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Yan Wang Wei L Wang Jian G Qin Xiao D Wang & Sheng B Zhu 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(14):1634-1641
The effects of integrated combination and quicklime supplementation on growth and pearl yield of a freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea, 1852), were examined through a 137-day growout in land-based enclosures. The integrated combinations examined were either mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp or mussel and bighead carp. Each combination was treated either with or without quicklime supplementation. One half of the mussels in each enclosure were grafted with pieces of the mantle epithelium while the other half were not. During the experiment, gibel carp were fed formulated feed while the mussel and bighead carp were fed natural live food. Quicklime was regularly provided in the enclosures as calcium replenishment. The species composition in the integrated system significantly affected growth in shell size and wet weight of the mussels regardless of the graft and pearl yield, while no significant effects of quicklime supplementation were detected. Growth rates in shell size and wet weight of both grafted and non-grafted mussels and pearl yield were slightly higher in the enclosures with mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp than those with mussel and bighead carp, although these differences were not statistically significant. The non-grafted mussel exhibited faster growth in shell size and wet weight than the grafted mussel within the same treatment. Results of the present study indicate that species combination in an integrated system can affect growth and pearl yield of H. cumingii . The species combination of mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp is recommended for commercial H. cumingii farming. 相似文献
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珠母贝人工培育黑珍珠的影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用不同术前处理方法、不同贝龄和不同珠核规格的实验条件,探讨珠母贝(Pinctada margaritifera)育珠效果的影响因素.术前处理方法包括温差促排和阴干促排,贝龄设为1.5龄、2.0龄、2.5龄和3.0龄,珠核直径设为5.5 mm、6.0mm、6.5 mm和7.0mm.经1个月的休养和21个月的育珠,结果显示,休养与育珠期间,温差促排、阴干促排和未处理组间的成活率没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但留核率、收珠率和优珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中温差促排组和未处理组分别具有最高和最低的留核率、收珠率和优珠率;4个贝龄组的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中1.5龄组具有最高的成活率,2龄组具有最高的留核率和收珠率,3龄组具有最低的成活率、留核率和收珠率;4个珠核规格组间的成活率、留核率和收珠率存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中6.0 mm组和 7.0 mm组分别具有最高和最低的留核率和收珠率.研究结果说明,术前处理具有明显提高珠母贝植核贝的成活率、留核率和收珠率;珠母贝第一次植核的最适贝龄应是1.5～2龄:珠母贝第一次植核的珠核适宜规格为6.0 mm.本研究旨在为优质珍珠的培育提供理论参考. 相似文献
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小片与蚌间的关系对珍珠质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用褶纹冠蚌同一个体自体外套膜小片育珠,结果珍珠质量明显提高。采用三角帆蚌制取外套膜小片植入褶纹冠蚌。结果珍珠质量极差,大多数蚌产不出珍珠;采用褶纹冠蚌制取外套膜小片植入三角帆蚌,结果三分之一的蚌能得到质量高于褶纹冠蚌,产量高于三角帆蚌的珍珠。作者认为供片蚌和受片蚌间相适关系影响珍珠质量,研究如何提高褶纹冠蚌小片在三角帆蚌体内成珠的比率,在生产上是很有意义的。 相似文献
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育珠期三角帆蚌的生长及其与珍珠增长的关系 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过对三角帆蚌壳长、壳宽、蚌总重（整体湿重）、内脏团湿重、壳重和珍珠重等指标在5-11月间的逐月连续测定，研究了常规养殖模式下育珠期2龄三角帆蚌在主要生长季节的生长规律及其与珍珠生长的相关性。结果表明：珍珠重(PW)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系分别为PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948)和PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888)；而珍珠重(PW)与蚌重(TW)、内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)的关系分别为PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337)，PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158)和PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101)；三角帆蚌总重(TW)与壳长(SL)、 壳宽(SW)的关系最适合用指数函数进行拟合，其关系式分别为TW=16.003e0.1681SL，(R2=0.7961)，和TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822)；而内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系则适合为幂函数曲线拟合，关系式分别为BW=0.0188SL3.1427，(R2=0.6927)；W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271)和BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617)；W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563)。本研究结果发现，珍珠生长与蚌总重、壳长和壳宽等外部测量指标之间的相关性显著，从而无须通过杀蚌取珠而直接通过这些外部生长指标的测定就能较好地了解珍珠的生长，更好地为珍珠养殖生产和管理提供指导。 相似文献
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Jens‐Eike Taeubert Marco Denic Bernhard Gum Michael Lange Juergen Geist 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(7):728-734
- 1. The complex life cycle of endangered European freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera L. involves an obligatory parasitic phase on a host fish. Knowledge on the host–parasite interaction and on the suitability of different host fish species and strains is required both for the management of wild fish and mussel populations as well as for improving the efficiency of captive breeding methods.
- 2. In this study, the suitability of different salmonid strains for hosting glochidia was tested, including Danube salmon (Hucho hucho L.) and three brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) strains from inside and outside the freshwater pearl mussel distribution range. All brown trout strains as well as Danube salmon were successfully infected with freshwater pearl mussel glochidia and encystment of mussel larvae was detected.
- 3. One brown trout strain originating from the natural pearl mussel distribution range was identified as the most suitable host, revealing the highest fish‐weight‐normalized infection rates and highest glochidial growth rates, whereas endemic Danube salmon was least suitable. Under natural conditions, the role of Danube salmon may be attributed to the long‐distance dispersal of glochidia in the Danube system, whereas sedentary brown trout appear to be the most important hosts at a local scale.
- 4. Successful infection of suitable hosts and the maintenance of these host–parasite systems in calcareous water were demonstrated in this study. These results indicate that neither the infection process nor the encystment phase of freshwater pearl mussels is dependent on low lime concentrations.
- 5. The results of this study suggest that careful selection and management of appropriate host fish strains is mandatory for sustainable conservation management of freshwater pearl mussel populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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应用激光共聚焦显微技术研究Ca2+在三角帆蚌组织内的积累与分布 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了探讨淡水贝类Ca2+吸收和转运信号传递机理,采用激光共聚焦技术研究了三角帆蚌不同组织细胞在静息状态下细胞内游离Ca2+浓度,以及水体Ca2+浓度对外套膜组织细胞内钙沉积的影响。试验选取10只健康的三角帆蚌,分别获得外套膜外膜、内膜、斧足、腮及内脏团上表皮组织细胞,短期培养后用Fluo-3/AM荧光探针孵育细胞1 h,观察细胞内Ca2+荧光强度。研究结果表明,蚌不同组织细胞内Ca2+荧光强度存在显著差异,外套膜外膜细胞内Ca2+荧光强度最高,内脏团上表皮细胞的最低(P<0.05);育珠三角帆蚌在相同Ca2+浓度的孵育水平下,外套膜细胞内Ca2+荧光强度比非育珠蚌都有增加的趋势,其中在1.25 mmol/L添加组中,两组外套膜内膜细胞内Ca2+荧光强度差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);不同Ca2+孵育水平对细胞内Ca2+荧光强度有显著影响(P<0.05),随着Ca2+在孵育液中浓度的升高,外套膜细胞内Ca2+荧光强度显著增强(P<0.05),表明外套膜是从外界吸收Ca2+的主要组织,蚌体珍珠的培育增强了其对Ca2+的沉积,并且水体Ca2+浓度在1.25～3.00 mmol/L有助于蚌体内Ca2+的贮藏,这对进... 相似文献