共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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本研究比较了不同术前处理方式和不同规格珠核对企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)游离珍珠培育效果的影响。术前处理方式分别为抑制母贝性腺发育和促进性腺发育排精产卵,珠核规格分别为5.0 mm、6.0 mm、7.0 mm和8.0 mm,手术贝休养期为1个月,育珠期为18个月。结果显示:术前处理和珠核规格对育珠贝成活率、留核率和成珠率存在显著影响(P0.05),促进性腺发育排精产卵处理的育珠贝休养期、育珠期成活率、留核率和成珠率最高(62.0%、54.0%、21.0%和48.0%),未经术前处理的对照组最低(50.0%、38.0%、11.0%和32.0%),珠核直径5.0 mm组休养期、育珠期手术贝成活率、留核率和成珠率最高(64.0%、54.0%、22.0%和45.0%),8.0mm最低(42.0%、33.0%、8.0%和22.0%)。本研究结果表明,通过手术前处理可以显著提高企鹅珍珠贝育珠贝的成活率、留核率和成珠率,企鹅珍珠贝游离珍珠培育的合适的珠核规格为5.0~6.0 mm。 相似文献
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贝龄对马氏珠母贝植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)速长系F2为材料,分析了贝龄对植核贝生长、成活率和育珠性状影响。实验设2.0龄贝植核组(A)、2.0龄贝对照组(B),1.5龄贝植核组(C)和1.5龄贝对照组(D),按照常规技术进行插核手术与海区养殖,育珠期为450 d。在插核后第15、30、60、180、270和450天,比较各组的平均体质量和成活率差异;在插核后270 d和450 d,比较A和C组留核率、珍珠层厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量的差异。结果表明,在插核后第15、30、60、180和270和450天,4个组的平均体质量和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),C和D组的成活率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05),C和D组的体质量日增长率显著大于A和B组(P<0.05)。在插核后第270天,A和C组的留核率、珍珠层厚度和珍珠产量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),A和C组间优质珠率差异不显著(P>0.05);在插核后第450天,C组留核率、珍珠厚度、优质珠率和珍珠产量均显著大于A组(P<0.05)。结论认为,利用低龄贝进行插核育珠明显提高植核贝的留核率、成活率和珍珠层厚度,从而能够提高珍珠质量。本研究旨在为合理设计马氏珠母贝的养殖模式提供科学依据。 相似文献
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影响马氏珠母贝植核育珠绩效的关键技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究在海水珍珠养殖核心区域流沙湾,通过设置不同术前处理方法、不同配液进行小片保养和不同模式育珠三个实验,比较其对马氏珠母贝植核育珠绩效的影响。术前处理方法分别为抑制性腺、温度差促排、盐度差促排和对照组(A_1、A_2、A_3、AD);小片保养分别为配液1号、配液2号、配液3号、和对照组(B_1、B_2、B_3、BD);育珠模式分别为海区休养与育珠、池塘休养与育珠和池塘休养与海区育珠(C_1、C_2、C_3)。经休养、育珠结束后,比较其育珠绩效相关指标值的差异。实验结果显示:实验Ⅰ中各术前处理组间育珠贝的育珠绩效值差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而各处理组(A_1、A_2、A_3)育珠贝的成活率、留核率、成珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效值均显著高于对照组(AD)(P0.05),其中温度差促排组(A_2)具有最高的育珠绩效值;实验Ⅱ中各不同配液保养组间育珠贝的育珠绩效值差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);而通过细胞小片保养各组(B_1、B_2、B_3)的育珠绩效值都显著高于对照组(BD)(P0.05)。其中配液1号组(B_1)具有最高的育珠绩效值;实验Ⅲ中各不同育珠模式组间育珠贝的成活率和留核率:(C_1)与(C_2)之间差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而和(C_3)之间存在统计学意义;育珠贝的成珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效值:(C_1)与(C_3)之间差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),而和(C_2)之间存在统计学意义(P0.05),;其中池塘休养与海区育珠组(C_3)具有最高的育珠绩效值。 相似文献
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珠母贝插核育珠的初步观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
珠母贝插核育珠,选择壳高7～9cm的母贝作为插核贝和以外套膜颜色相同的插核贝、小片见组合进行括核育珠的效果较好。珠母贝括核手术后休养期的存活率为77．5％～97．3％,留核率为42．5％～77．4％。壳高7～9cm的插核见成珠率为25．0％,已接近马氏珠母贝生产上的插核育珠水平。 相似文献
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利用马氏珠母贝4个壳色系F3培育厚层优质珍珠 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了评价红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3育珠性状,设立两个实验,分别利用马氏珠母贝红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3作为植核(受体)贝和小片(供体)贝进行植核育珠。实验Ⅰ:利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为插核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,另外利用以普通养殖群体为插核贝、金黄壳色系F3为小片贝建立了1个组合,共建立17个组合,育珠期为24个月;实验Ⅱ:分别利用红、金黄、白和黑壳色系F3为植核贝和小片贝建立16个组合,育珠期为18个月。结果表明,育珠期结束后实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的4个壳色系F3平均壳高和成活率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ和Ⅱ的黑壳色系F3具有最大的平均壳高,实验Ⅰ金黄壳色系F3具有最高的成活率,实验Ⅱ黑壳色系F3具有最高的成活率。实验Ⅰ:各组合间的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),珍珠层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05);BW组具有最大的留核率、商品珠率、珠层厚度和育珠绩效值,RB组具有最大的优良珠率;实验Ⅱ:各组合的留核率、商品珠率、优良珠率、珍珠层厚度和育珠绩效均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。黑壳色系F3作为插核贝具有较好的育珠效果,经进一步测试其育珠性能,可在珍珠生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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企鹅珍珠贝游离有核珍珠培育技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007~2011年,借鉴马氏珠母贝游离有核珍珠植核方法,根据企鹅珍珠贝生理机能特性以及植核部位的组织构造特点,摸索出企鹅珍珠贝术前处理、栓口、植核施术、术后休养和育珠期管养等系统性的植核育珠技术。5年间,共植核企鹅珍珠贝245710个,植核贝经过60 d的休养,成活率为91.3%~96.0%,平均休养期成活率为94.0%;植核贝再经过16~22个月的育珠期后,成活率为90.3%~96.3%,平均育珠期成活率为94.3%;共收获游离有核珍珠69 158颗,成珠率为27.5%~33.8%,平均成珠率为30.7%,其中共收获商品珠54 825颗,商品珠率为68.5%~83.8%,平均商品珠率为79.3%。 相似文献
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本研究分析了自主研发的微胶囊饲料替代微藻对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)育珠性能、生长相关基因和矿化相关基因表达的影响。共设置了3个实验组,其中,EG1组投喂亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis),EG2组投喂微胶囊饲料+亚心形扁藻,EG3组投喂微胶囊饲料。养殖170 d后,比较马氏珠母贝的育珠性能、闭壳肌生长相关基因EGFR、FGF18、GHITM和TβRI以及外套膜的中央膜和边缘膜矿化相关基因pearlin、DPT、pif177和N19的表达。结果表明:(1)各组间马氏珠母贝育珠贝的存活率、留核率不存在显著性差异(P0.05),所采收珍珠的珍珠层厚度及平均质量也不存在显著性差异(P0.05);(2)各实验组间马氏珠母贝闭壳肌中EGFR、FGF18、GHITM和TβR I的相对表达量不存在显著性差异(P0.05);(3)各实验组间马氏珠母贝中央膜中DPT和N19的相对表达量差异不显著(P0.05),EG2和EG3组pearlin的表达量显著性高于EG1组(P0.05),pif177在EG3组中的表达量显著性高于EG1和EG2组(P0.05);(4)各实验组间马氏珠母贝边缘膜中pearlin、DPT和N19的相对表达量差异不显著(P0.05),EG2和EG3组pif177的表达量显著高于EG1组(P0.05)。研究结果说明,该微胶囊饲料可以替代部分微藻进行育珠生产,为进一步研发马氏珠母贝的人工配合饲料及开展工厂化育珠积累了参考资料。 相似文献
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The Calafia mother‐of‐pearl oyster, Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley), and the Rainbow nacre shell, Pteria sterna (Gould), represent an important resource for México because of their potential in pearl production. The present work deals with the effect of different sequences of nursery culture‐late culture on growth and survival of P. mazatlanica, from September 1993 to October 1994. The collected spat presented two main size groups: small (mean shell height of 7 mm), and large (13 mm). They were arranged into four experimental batches for each size group at a constant stocking density of 40–45 juvenile pearl oysters per Nestier cage. Three batches remained in nursery culture for 2, 4 and 6 months respectively, after which they were transferred to late culture in rail cages. A control group remained in nursery culture for 12 months. Growth was evaluated monthly and compared through anova and HSD Tukey tests. In addition to the shell height, width, depth (mm) and weight (g), data of shell volume (height × width × depth, in mm3) was also introduced to estimate and compare growth among the experimental groups. Mortality was estimated by counting the dead specimens every month and obtaining the percentage from a 100% initial survival at the start of the experiment. The juveniles showed different responses to the change from nursery culture to late culture; the level of each response varied significantly among the experimental groups at the end of the study. It seemed that a 6‐month period for nursery culture was propitious for P. mazatlanica. 相似文献
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Juveniles of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus were suspended in pearl nets at densities of 25%, 30% and 50% coverage of the bottom of the net (BC) during days. Additionally, adults of A. nucleus (>35 mm) were placed in lantern nets at densities of 40%, 50% and 65% BC during days. Stocking density affected the growth of animals, with higher growth rates obtained at the lower densities. Although the survival of the two scallops was not influenced at the densities studied, the 15-day net changes, and culture in water of <28 °C produced better survival of A. nucleus and N. nodosus respectively. Predators of the families Cymatiidae, Grapsidae, Portunidae, Majidae and Xanthidae were found in the culture nets of juvenile A. nucleus , but during the adult phase they were absent. Predators exhibited a dense-independent behaviour in relation to scallops. There was not any association between predator frequency and survival of A. nucleus . 相似文献
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Lorelei A. Grecian G. Jay Parsons Patrick Dabinett Cyr Couturier 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(2-3):183-206
Hatchery-reared sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) spat weremonitored for growth and recovery in three experiments to determine themost suitable system for nursery culture. In Experiment I, four size classesof nursery-sized spat held at two depths from October to July exhibiteddeclining growth rates over the winter period and increased growth ratesin the spring. Overall, season, depth and initial size had a significantinfluence on the absolute and specific growth rates of scallops. Recovery,defined as number of scallops remaining after mortality and loss of spatthrough gear mesh, was influenced by season and initial size, but notdepth. Scallops in the 3.0 mm+ size class had higher growth rates andrecovery than those in the 1.4–1.6 mm, 1.7–1.9 mm and 2.0–2.9 mm sizeclasses. In Experiment II, two gear types containing similar size spat werecompared. Growth rates were significantly higher in 3.0 mm pearl nets thanin 3.0 mm collector bags, although recovery was similar between the twoequipment types. Experiment III, two stocking densities of nursery-sizedspat were compared in collector bags. Neither growth rate nor recoverywere significantly different for the two densities (2600 and 5200spat/collector bag) tested. Overall, these studies indicated that importantparameters for optimizing the growth and recovery of scallops in a farm-based nursery system include season, initial spat size, deployment depthand gear type. 相似文献
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报导了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)内脏团培育圆形有核珍珠的试验结果。结果显示:插植珠核的7362只手术蚌植核后一个月内成活率99.2%。经23个月养殖后,随机抽取50只。结果留核率达94%,成珠率为86%,其中中高档珠占37.2%。有核珍珠直径在9.4~11.6 mm之间,其中10 mm以上占88.4%。11.6%的珍珠表面有小于3 mm的凸起,未发现带扁而长尾巴的珍珠。试验表明:三角帆蚌内脏团内能培育出高品质的有核珍珠。此外还发现,脱核或核片分离的细胞小片仍可在内脏团内形成珍珠。 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):57-66
Abstract A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp. 相似文献
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The abalone Haliotis diversicolor (Reeve) or ‘tokobushi’ is being cultured in Kagoshima, southern Japan for stock enhancement of fishing grounds. However, with decreasing catches from the wild some fishermen's group may eventually resort to rearing tokobushi until of marketable size. Growth experiments of tokobushi fed macroalgae in floating net cage and plastic tanks were conducted to evaluate the influence of culture system, macroalgal food, age and water temperature on their culture. In floating net cage, marketable sizes were obtained at the age of 457–822‐day old (15–27‐month old) with highest growth rate of 2.36% g day?1 and 0.21 mm day?1. One advantage of the plastic tank culture system was that the tokobushi shell remained clean throughout the culture period. Macroalgal food affected the growth rate; Sargassum fusiforme (Setchell)‐ and Ulva pertusa (Kjellman)‐fed tokobushi were better than Meristotheca papulosa (Montagne)‐fed. Further, 1‐year‐old tokobushi had better growth performance and condition index than the 2‐year‐old cohort, and growth rates were higher at 17°C than at 12°C. These findings should help tokobushi farmers design their mariculture scheme considering both economic and environmental aspects. 相似文献
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墨西哥湾扇贝亲代选择对自交子一代的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验从来自同一养殖群体的1000个随机个体墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus Say)中选取规格最大(壳长58.3~61.9 mm)、中等(壳长49.5~50.8 mm)、最小(壳长38.9~41.1 mm)的性成熟个体各3个作为亲贝,按规格分成大、中、小3组,利用该贝雌雄同体的特性分别进行各组内亲本个体自交。在相同环境及试验条件下通过比较各自交组受精率、孵化率、稚贝育成率、海上暂养及标粗期存活率、养成期存活率、壳长壳高体重日增长率和选择反应等指标的差异,分析亲本选择对自交子代生产性能的影响。结果表明,从上述各指标看,大规格亲贝优于中规格亲贝(P<0.01);中规格亲贝优于小规格亲贝(P<0.01)。大规格亲贝壳高、壳长和体重的选择反应分别为6.0 mm、5.4 mm和6.3 g,中规格亲贝分别为-0.4 mm、-0.1mm和-0.7 g,小规格亲贝分别为-4.7 mm-、5.3 mm和-7.6 g。大规格亲贝壳高、壳长和体重的实现遗传力分别为0.52、0.49和0.40。研究证明,墨西哥湾扇贝亲代选择对自交子一代生产性能具有极显著影响(P<0.01),大规格亲贝自交后代表现出明显生长优势,截断选择策略有效。 相似文献
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Isabel Gaytan-Mondragon Carlos Caceres-Martinez Marcos Tobias-Sanchez 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(4):541-546
A growth study of Pinctada mazatlanica and Pteria sterna was conducted to explain the basic steps required for the development of a pearl culture program in México. Seed for both species was collected using onion bags filled with black polyethylene sheets (40 ± 80 cm) and 5 g of vexar filament. The spatfall was July-August 1987 for P. mazatlanica and December 1987-February 1988 for P. sterna . The seed (12.8 ± 1.2 and 13.0 ± 0.6 mm respectively) was placed in pearl-nets for intermediate culture (to attain 30 mm height). Populations were subsequently divided into three groups, two groups at 10 m depth in lantern and pocket nets and a third placed over a submerged shelf at 10 m depth in plastic net cages. Growth in height, survival and temperature were monitored. After 22 mo P. mazatlanica showed no significant differences in growth between culture structures. Nevertheless, the survival obtained in cages (99%) was larger than that obtained in hanging structures (65%). After 18 mo of culture, significant differences (F = 5.199 P = 0.05) in growth were observed for P. sterna . Larger animals were found in pockets (106.6 ± 0.8 mm) followed by lanterns (104.0 ± 0.7 mm) and finally in cages (103.5 ± 0.6 mm). Survival in pockets was 99%, 84% in lanterns and 98% in cages. With the operation of the different culture structures used in this study, the bottom cage system seems optimal to begin a culture program to obtain pearl-oysters for nucleus implantation. 相似文献
19.
Two sets of adaptive trials were performed to determine the effects of size grading and batch grading on size heterogeneity in cultured Macrobrachium rosenbergii raised in the Coconut Garden channels of Kuttanad, Southern India. In the first set of trials, postlarvae were batch graded on the basis of their hatching order, segregated and grown separately as first‐hatched and second‐hatched groups. In the second set of trials, postlarvae were size graded as jumpers and laggards and were grown in separate channels. The average weight attained by prawns after 10 months of culture was highest for jumpers (83.11 g) and lowest for the prawns from the first‐hatched group (43.76 g). The percentage of males was highest in the population of jumpers (58.23%). Highest production was recorded in the channel stocked with postlarvae from the second‐hatched group (103.4 kg ha?1) and lowest production was obtained from the first‐hatched group (63.74 kg ha?1). The proportions of undesirable small males were highest among laggards and the first‐hatched group: 24.8% and 15.1% respectively. The level of heterozygosity within morphotypes was also high in these groups. Jumpers attained good growth by the end of culture but, because of their low survival rate, this approach was not economically feasible. However, higher production and survival in the second‐hatched group improved economic viability. Thus, for better results, stocking with later‐hatched groups would be more appropriate than stocking with the first‐hatched group. 相似文献