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1.
The innate immune system, particularly the external body surface, plays a frontier role in protecting fish from relevant infections. The present study is aimed at understanding and comparing the mucosal immunity of Indian major carp, that is, Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala, by evaluating different immune parameters such as protein content, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, proteases and alkaline phosphatase activity in the skin mucus. The protein content of mucus sample of these species was compared, and the highest protein content was found in C. catla among the three Indian major carp species. The levels of proteases (40 ± 0.211 units/ml) and myeloperoxidase OD450 nm (1.525 ± 0.108) were found to be highest in the skin mucus of C. catla. However, lysozyme levels were highest in the skin mucus of L. rohita (10.95 ± 0.330 μg/ml), and C. mrigala had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity (30.74111 ± 0.680 U/l). Besides the enzyme activities, the epidermal mucus samples of three Indian major carp species were also tested and compared for the antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains. Skin mucus of C. catla showed highest antibacterial activity among the three Indian major carps against all the seven bacterial strain, except that Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Vibrio cholerae, however, showed highest activity against mucus of C. mrigala. Also, the epidermal mucus from all the three species successfully agglutinated three freshwater pathogens, viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda, with agglutination titres being the highest for Labeo rohita for all the pathogens. The epidermal mucus samples from the Indian major carp species showed haemagglutination activity and successfully lysed human, chicken and goat RBCs showing highest activity in C. catla. These results provide information for a better understanding of the role of epidermal mucus and its components in the innate immune system of Indian major carps.  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨迟缓爱德华菌菌蜕疫苗预防鳗鲡爱德华菌病的可行性,实验采用腹腔注射、口服、浸泡3种途径探讨了迟缓爱德华菌菌蜕疫苗对欧洲鳗的免疫保护效果。结果表明,免疫后欧洲鳗血清抗体效价均明显升高,但菌蜕疫苗(ETG)组与福尔马林灭活疫苗(FKC)组间血清抗体效价无显著性差异。欧洲鳗注射、口服、浸泡ETG组的相对免疫保护率分别为75.0%、52.5%、37.5%,分别高于FKC组的55.0%、40.0%、32.5%,且ETG组欧洲鳗死亡时间明显推后,表明菌蜕疫苗的免疫保护效果优于福尔马林灭活疫苗。易操作、对鱼体应激少的ETG疫苗口服免疫欧洲鳗获得了52.5%的免疫保护率,在预防鳗鲡爱德华菌病中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
The invasive fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda is common in aquatic environments and causes the environmentally and economically destructive emphysematous putrefactive disease called edwardsiellosis. In order to understand the organism's infection pathway, medaka larvae (Oryzias latipes) were immersion‐infected with E. tarda labelled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and then visualized in three dimensions under confocal laser microscopy and light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy. Confocal microscopy revealed GFP‐labelled E. tarda in the mouth, head, gill bridges, gill cover, skin, membrane fin, gastrointestinal tract and air bladder, and in the caudal vein, somite veins, caudal artery and caudal capillaries. Light‐sheet microscopy additionally showed GFP‐labelled E. tarda in the pharyngeal cavity, muscle of the pectoral fin and cardiac atrium and ventricle. These findings suggest that during its infection of fish, E. tarda initially adheres to, and invades, the epithelial cells of the skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract (through the pharyngeal cavity); E. tarda then enters the blood vessels to access organs, including the air bladder and heart.  相似文献   

4.
The present work has been undertaken to analyse the antibacterial activity and innate immune components in the skin mucus of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Skin mucus was extracted separately in triple‐distilled water (TDW), 3% acetic acid (3% AA) or 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (1% TFA). All mucus extracts exhibited different spectrum of the antibacterial activity against different groups of pathogenic bacteria. Protein profiling by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a series of protein bands in the TDW extract, four major protein bands in the AA extract and two protein bands in the TFA extract. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of distinct protein bands identified potential innate immune factors – histone H2A, histone H3, histone H4, haemoglobin, cofilin and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the TDW extract, and ubiquitin and histone H2B isoforms in acidic extracts of skin mucus of C. mrigala. The presence of these innate immune molecules suggests that skin mucus play an important role in the protection of the fish against microbial invasion.  相似文献   

5.
To investigate the effect of scheduled meal timings on growth performance in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions and the fish were submitted to schedule meal timings (at 08:00, 12:00,16:00, 20:00, 00:00 and 04:00). A control on continuous feeding was also maintained. ANOVA had revealed a significant (p < .05) increase in live weight gain (g), growth per cent gain in body weight, specific growth rate, PER, GPR, GER and APD (%) values in fingerlings fed between 12:00 and 16:00 hours. A decline in growth parameters, nutrient retention and an increase in FCR values were observed in the group fed at 20:00, 00:00 hours and also in the control group. Studies have further revealed that meal timings had also significantly (p < .005) affected protein digestibility, nitrogen retention and excretion of metabolites . Fish carcass composition had significantly (p < .05) higher accumulation of protein (14.82 ± 0.032), fat (5.51 ± 0.006) and energy (5.95 ± 0.004) in the group fed at 16:00 hours. The second experiment was conducted under field conditions and the fish were submitted to schedule meal timings (at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00). A control on continuous feeding was also maintained. Significantly (p < .05) higher values in growth parameters were observed in the group fed at 16:00 hours and lower values in the group fed at 20:00 hours and also in controls. Water quality, nutrients and productivity status of ponds revealed favourable levels and appears to have been affected by meal timings. Thus, in C. mrigala, timings of food intake can serve to optimize the utilization of ingested calories.  相似文献   

6.
The effect of sublethal hypoxia exposure on stress and immune responses and susceptibility to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was investigated. Fish were monitored for temporal changes in glucose and cortisol concentrations before, during, and after 2 h exposure to sublethal hypoxia (<2 mg/L dissolved oxygen [DO]) and when maintained under normoxic conditions (6.0 ± 0.3 mg/L DO). Both blood glucose and plasma cortisol increased significantly in response to hypoxic conditions. Fish exposed to hypoxic or normoxic conditions were challenged with a high dose (1.3 × 107 colony‐forming units [CFU]/mL) or a low dose (1.3 × 105 CFU/mL) of E. ictaluri or sterile culture broth by 30‐min immersion bath. Approximately 1% of fish in both the normoxic and the hypoxic groups died when challenged with the low dose of E. ictaluri. However, when challenged with the high dose of E. ictaluri, catfish exposed to hypoxic conditions had significantly higher cumulative mortality (36 ± 12.1%) than those maintained under normoxic conditions (12 ± 1.1%). Total hemolytic complement and bactericidal activities and antibody response were lower in hypoxia‐exposed channel catfish, indicating that increased susceptibility of channel catfish to E. ictaluri may be the result of the immunosuppressive effects of the stress response to hypoxia.  相似文献   

7.
Glycogen content and metabolic enzyme activities viz. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) in Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala, were investigated after a 6 h transportation trial to compare the species‐specific variation and the effect of increased packing density on the metabolism. Fish (45±5 mm, 0.5±0.1 g) were packed in three densities (100, 150 and 200 L?1) for the experiment, and 12 specimens of each species were randomly sampled from all the treatments at the end of transportation. The glycogen content of L. rohita ingerlings decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing packing density. The activities of enzymes LDH, MDH, AST and ALT showed a rising trend with increasing packing density in all the three species. Species‐specific differences were observed in various tested parameters at the lowest packing density (100 fry L?1). Alanine amino transferase and LDH activities were significantly (P<0.05) lower in C. mrigala as compared with the other two species. However, glycogen reserves and MDH activity were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the species. The present study reveals that the optimum packing density for Indian major carp fry (100 fry L?1) for transportation up to 6 h and metabolic regimes are species specific during transportation.  相似文献   

8.
This study was conducted to use ground roasted coffee bean (GRC; Coffee arabia) as a feed supplement in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (1.9 ± 0.03 g) were fed diets containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 5.0 g GRC/kg in triplicate for 10 weeks. Final fish weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were not significantly (P < 0.05) affected by GRC incorporation up to 1.0 g/kg, after which growth declined. Fish fed diets containing 2.0 and 5.0 g GRC/kg consumed less than the other treatments, giving the highest FCR (1.4 and 1.5, respectively). No significant differences were observed in fat efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and energy utilization for the 0.0–1.0 GRC/kg diets; lowest values of these parameters were obtained with the 2.0 and 5.0 g GRC/kg diets. Supplementation of GRC significantly reduced fish whole-body protein content and increased lipid and ash.  相似文献   

9.
Experiments were designed to determine the effects of temperature and salinity on the virulence of Edwardsiella tarda to Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. In the temperature experiment, a two‐factor design was conducted to evaluate the effects of both pathogen incubation temperature and fish cultivation temperature on pathogen virulence. E. tarda was incubated at 15, 20, 25 and 30±1°C, and the fish (mean weight: 10 g) were reared at 15, 20 and 25±1°C respectively. The fish reared at different temperatures were infected with the E. tarda incubated at different temperatures. The results of a 4‐day LD50 test showed that temperature significantly affected the virulence of E. tarda (P<0.01) and the interaction between the two factors was also significant (P<0.01). For fish reared at 15°C the virulence of E. tarda was the highest at 25°C of pathogen incubation, followed by 20, 15 and 30°C. When the fish rearing temperature was raised to 20 and 25°C, the virulence of E. tarda incubated at all temperatures increased. Isolation testing demonstrated results similar to those of LD50. The higher rearing temperature increased the proliferation rate of the pathogen in fish. In the salinity experiment, the incubation salinity of E. tarda was at 0, 10, 20 and 30 g L?1, respectively, and the fish with mean weight of 50 g were cultured in natural seawater of 30 g L?1. The results of one‐way anova in 4‐day LD50 test showed that incubation salinity significantly affected virulence. Virulence was lower when the salinity of the incubation medium was at 0 and 30 g L?1, higher at 10 and 20 g L?1. The results of isolation test were in accordance with those of LD50. At 20 g L?1E. tarda had a faster proliferation rate than that at 10 g L?1.  相似文献   

10.
Fingerling rearing of Indian major carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala, were conducted in concrete tanks under a polyculture system at a density of 0.3 million fry ha?1 to evaluate the effect of one, two or three feedings per day on growth, survival and feed utilization. Fry were fed with formulated supplementary diet at 10% of biomass per day during the first 15 days, followed by 8% in the next 15 days and 6% thereafter, for 60 days. Feeding of fish three times daily led to higher growth (103.9±8.5 mm/10.3±2.4 g) than those feeding twice (100.2±4.8 mm/9.9±1.5 g) or once (97.2±9.8 mm/9.4±2.1 g) daily, although the values were not significantly different (P>0.05). Survival rate ranging between 72.3% and 75.1% also did not vary significantly (P>0.05) among the treatments. However, higher feeding frequencies resulted in better feed utilization as evident from decreasing feed conversion ratio values. The present study suggested requirement of a higher feeding frequency for rohu compared with catla and mrigal.  相似文献   

11.
Dietary arginine requirement of fingerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (4.20 ± 0.05 cm; 0.60 ± 0.02 g) was determined by conducting a 8‐week feeding trial with casein–gelatine‐based diets (400 g kg?1 crude protein; 17.90 kJ g?1, gross energy), containing crystalline amino acids with graded levels of l ‐arginine (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20 and 22.5 g kg?1, dry diet). Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 55‐L indoor polyvinyl flow through circular tanks and fed experimental diets at 5% of their body weight divided into two feedings at 08.00 and 16.00 hours. Live weight gain (321%) and feed conversion ratio (FCR 1.40) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet containing 17.5 g kg?1dietary arginine compared with other diets. Second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of live weight gain, FCR and protein efficiency ratio data indicated requirements for dietary arginine at 18.7, 18.4 and 18.3 g kg?1 of the dry diet, respectively. Maximum carcass protein, and minimum moisture and fat contents were noticed at the requirement level. Carcass ash content remained insignificantly different among the treatments except at 17.5 g kg?1 dietary arginine showing significantly higher ash content. Based on the above results, it is recommended that the diet for fingerling C. mrigala should contain arginine at 18.4 g kg?1, dry diet, corresponding to 46 g kg?1 dietary protein for optimum growth and efficient feed utilization.  相似文献   

12.
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary apple cider vinegar (ACV) on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance as well as immune responses and antibacterial activity of skin mucus in green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% of ACV (40.830 ppm acetic acid concentration) for 63 days. The final weight and weight gain values were observed to be significantly higher in fish fed with 2% of ACV compared to the control group (p < .05). ACV inclusion in the diets had significant effects on SGR (%) and FCR values (p > .05). ACV treatment resulted in a significant increase in the intestinal protease, α‐amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared to control (p < .05). The activities of digestive enzymes in fish fed with 2% and 4% of ACV diets were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .05). The total protein content, alternative haemolytic complement, alkaline phosphatase, total immunoglobulins and lysozyme activities of skin mucus increased significantly in fish fed with ACV diets (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of ACV enhanced digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, immune responses and the immune properties of skin mucus, and it can be used as a natural growth promoter and immunostimulant in green terror culture.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to determine, muscle residue level (MRL) and withdrawal time (WT) of florfenicol (FF), in healthy and infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Lactococcus garvieae. Fish were divided into the four groups, Group I (Infected fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group II (Healthy fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group III (Infected fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80) and Group IV (Healthy fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80). Fish in Group I and Group III were infected with 1.8×106 cfu/ml Lactococcus garvieae by immersion. FF containing diet was applied fish (10 mg kg‐1 day‐1) in Group III and IV for 10 days. FF residues in fish muscles were analysed by validated HPLC method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the method were determined to be 0.31 μg/g and 0.64 μg/g, respectively, and the recovery was 92.61%. As a result of the experiments, there was no significant difference between the infected and healthy group in term of MRLs. However, in both groups, it was determined that third‐day values were below MRLs (1,000 μg/kg). Also, the WT values were lower than the 500°C‐day values reported in the EC commission decision in both groups and were determined as 14.5 and 14.12 (water temperature mean 18°C ± 1) per day, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
The cytosol and nuclear extract of gill tissue obtained from laboratory held Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar manifested saturable cortisol binding of high affinity and low capacity (cytosol: Ka = 0.198 ± 0.024 × 109/M, Nmax = 116.8 ± 20.8 fmol/mg protein; nuclear extract: Ka = 0.823 ± 0.057 × 107/M, Nmax = 1563 ± 330 fmol/mg protein; n = 4). The cytosol receptor activity displayed high steroid and tissue specificity and a single binding peak at 191,000 Da following gel permeation chromatography. Atlantic salmon exposed for 3 or 8 months to waters from the Medway River (pH about 5.1), the Westfield River (pH about 4.8) and calcium carbonate treated Westfield River (pH about 5.6) showed no gill cytosol receptor activity. Cortisol receptor activity in the gill nuclear extracts from fish in limed Westfield River water in December (3 months) was less than half the activity in the fish treated with Medway River water (p < 0.05) although the plasma cortisol values were not different. In May (8 months), the plasma cortisol of fish in limed water was almost twice that of the fish held in acid Westfield River water (p = 0.058).  相似文献   

15.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on growth performance, fish welfare, sensory evaluation, freshness during ice storage and changes in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The 9‐week feeding trial was conducted in cages under commercial conditions during the winter season, when water temperature decreased from 14°C to 7°C. Fish were fed either a diet without probiotic supplementation (control) or with 0.2% (2 × 109 CFU kg?1 diet) of multi‐strain probiotic bacteria (Bacillus sp., Pediococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp.). Fish weight was recorded at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 9 weeks. Growth performance was not affected by dietary probiotic supplementation. Alternative complement activity (ACH50) was significantly higher in fish fed the diet with probiotic (58.4 ± 3.7 units mL?1) than in the control group (46.9 ± 3.1 units mL?1) (P = 0.03). Several biochemical markers were altered by the dietary treatment. 7‐ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (EROD) (P < 0.01), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (P < 0.05) increased and lipid peroxidation (LP) (P < 0.01) decreased with dietary probiotic supplementation. Flesh quality and shelf‐life of fish stored on ice was not affected by dietary probiotic supplementation. Probiotic supplementation had a limited effect on the intestinal microbiota. Signal strength of the observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) differed between the control and treatment samples and could indicate variations in the abundance of certain OTUs. Microbiota adhering to the intestinal mucus varied between sampling points, indicating that changes were associated with water temperature.  相似文献   

16.
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary intake of vitamin E (supplied as dl ‐α‐tocopheryl acetate) and n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 HUFA) on the non‐specific immune response and disease resistance in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Nine practical diets were formulated to contain one of three levels of vitamin E namely, 0, 80 or 200 mg kg?1 (the total α‐tocopherol contents in the diets were 21, 97 and 213 mg kg?1 based on analysis), and at each vitamin E level with one of three n‐3 HUFA levels i.e. 0.5%, 1.5% or 2.0%. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of Japanese flounder (initial body weight: 40.5±1.0 g, mean±SD) in a re‐circulation rearing system. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation at 07:00 and 18:00 hours for 12 weeks. During the experimental period, water temperature was maintained at 18±1°C, salinity 31–35 g L?1, and pH 7.8–8.2. Dissolved oxygen was not less than 6 mg L?1, and there were negligible levels of free ammonia and nitrite. The results showed that the increase in dietary n‐3 HUFA from 0.5% to 1.0% significantly decreased muscle α‐tocopherol contents in fish‐fed diets with 21 and 97 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 diet (P<0.05). In 1.0% HUFA groups, alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) of fish fed the diet containing the 213 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 diet was significantly higher than noted for fish fed the diet containing 97 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 diet (P<0.05). Fish fed the diet with 213 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 and 2.0% n‐3 HUFA had the highest lysozyme activity (131.7 U mL?1) among all the dietary treatments. Fish fed the diets containing 97 and 213 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 with 1.0% n‐3 HUFA had significantly higher respiratory burst activity than those fed the diets containing 21 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 with 0.5 and 1.0% n‐3 HUFA (P<0.05). In the disease resistance experiment, high intake of dietary vitamin E with 213 mg α‐tocopherol kg?1 significantly decreased cumulative mortality and delayed the days to first mortality after a 7‐day Edwardsiella tarda challenge (P<0.05). In addition, under the experimental conditions, dietary vitamin E and n‐3 HUFA had a synergistic effect on the non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance in Japanese flounder (P<0.05).  相似文献   

17.
Fish grown in the East Calcutta Wetland (ECW) areas in West Bengal, India amass waste elements within their body through nutritional uptake and accumulation. The present investigation had been carried out to study the extent of accumulation of different waste elements in tissues of Indian major carps (IMCs) commonly cultured in composite industrial wastewater‐fed fishponds in ECW, India. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometric studies were used to estimate metals like chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in water and sediment of fishponds, and in fish tissues (gill, liver and muscle) of three economically important IMCs, rohu (Labeo rohita), katla (Catla catla) and mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala), collected from contaminated and control sites. It is evident from the study that mainly liver is the site of maximum accumulation of the elements, while gill, in most cases, is the site of least metal accumulation in the three IMC species studied. Principal component analysis reveals that Fe and Cr were in the first component and thereby must be having a major influence in trace metals uptake and bioaccumulation. Tissue‐specific and species‐specific patterns of metal concentration and partitioning were apparent from our present study.  相似文献   

18.
Enteric septicemia of cattish (ESC), caused by the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri, has become the most significant disease problem affecting the commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, industry in the United States. Although antibiotics are used extensively for the control of ESC, there are inherent problems associated with their use. Consequently, experiments were initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination program that used immersion and oral delivery methods to administer a killed E. ictaluri vaccine to fry and fingerling channel cafish. In a preliminary pond study with laboratory challenge, mortality in a group vaccinated with a combination of immersion and oral procedures was only 5.0% in both high- and low-dose challenges. This was significantly different (P c 0.01) from non-vaccinated controls, which had 46.7%mortality in the lowdose challenge and the 6 1.7% mortality in the highdose challenge. This corresponds to relative percent survival (RPS) values of 89.3 and 91.9 respectively. Subsequent field trials further indicated the efficacy of a vaccination program for the prevention of ESC in channel catfish. In 1987-1988, a field study was conducted using 12 commercial ponds, with three replicates of four treatments. The four treatments included vaccination by immersion only, oral only, a combination of both immersion and oral procedures, and non-vaccinated conwols. Relative percent survival was 57.4 for the immersion only treatment, 50.3 for the oral only treatment, and 53.5 for the combination immersion and oral treatment. In 1989-1990, no significant difference was found between vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish. However, in 1989-1990, a vaccine-oil emulsion was topcoated on a floating feed, rather than incorporating vaccine in a sinking pellet. In 1990-1991, overall mortality in vaccinated fish was significantly less (P < 0.05) than non-vaccinated fish, with 41.2% mortality in vaccinates compared to 63.5% in non-vaccinated fish, for an RPS of 35.1. In examining RPS values for individual farms, two farms had excellent results, with RPS values of 81.3 and 76.9; two farms had only moderate success, with RPS values of 26.6 and 15.4; and one location had greater mortality in the vaccinated fish than in the non-vaccinated fish. However, that farm had only two ponds in the study and experienced significant losses to proliferative gill disease in the pond with vaccinated fish.  相似文献   

19.
皮肤黏液是鱼类免疫防御的第一道防线。大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液对其免疫防御、渗透压维持以及适应水陆生活等方面具有重要意义。为深入了解大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液的蛋白质分子组成,对其皮肤黏液开展了抑菌活性分析和蛋白质组学分析。通过电刺激法收集大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液,采用打孔法比较了皮肤黏液和血清的抑菌活性差异;进一步利用鳗弧菌对大弹涂鱼进行诱导,采用生长曲线抑制法分析和比较了诱导前后皮肤黏液的抑菌活性差异。利用Shotgun质谱技术,结合大弹涂鱼皮肤转录组数据库,对大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液开展了蛋白质组学分析;进一步利用String软件对所鉴定的蛋白质开展了蛋白质相互作用预测。大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液具有广谱抑菌活性,鳗弧菌诱导后的大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液与诱导前相比,对部分革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌活性明显上升,但对其他菌株的抑菌活性差异不明显。从大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液中共鉴定各类蛋白质分子97种,基本分子组成与其他硬骨鱼类皮肤黏液蛋白相似,但也有少数蛋白如泛素蛋白、胸腺素蛋白等未在其他鱼类皮肤黏液中报道。此外,其他鱼类中所鉴定到的部分蛋白如热休克蛋白、抗菌肽等在大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液中未能鉴定到。大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液中已鉴定的蛋白多数具有与免疫功能相关的结构域,且存在一个以肌动蛋白为核心的相互作用网络。大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液具有明显的广谱抑菌活性,其蛋白质组成与其他鱼类皮肤黏液具有一定的相似性。本研究为深入了解大弹涂鱼皮肤黏液的分子多样性及功能机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

The authors examined the use of culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Flavobacterium columnare in experimentally-infected channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Five treatments were utilized which included immersion exposure to 106, 107, 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for 30 minutes, intramuscular injection of 108 CFU/fish and a negative control (i.e., immersion in Cytophaga broth). Flavobacterium columnare was isolated and detected in mucus 30 minutes following exposure by microbiological culture and PCR in all treatments except the negative controls. Gills were positive by culture and by PCR in all treatments at 30 minutes post treatment except the 106 CFU/mL immersion treatment which did not yield positive culture and PCR results until 1 hour. Culture positive samples were observed in the internal organs (anterior and posterior kidney) and blood of the 1078 CFU/mL treatments although at low numbers (≤10 CFU). Results of PCR paralleled that of culture for the mucus and gill samples when analyzing all treatments together over time suggesting either method is useful in determination of the presence ofF. columnare. Polymerase chain reaction was significantly (P < 0.001) better at detection ofF. columnare from skin/muscle than was the use of microbiological culture. These results suggest that PCR may be useful for rapid detection of F. columnare in the mucus.  相似文献   

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