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1.
《中国渔业质量与标准》2015,(3)
鱼类黏液中含有许多非特异性抗菌活性成分,在自然条件下可抵抗微量病原菌的侵害,是鱼类先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分。本研究对新兴养殖鱼类星斑川鲽免疫相关组织脾脏、肾脏、后肠及皮肤黏液中抗菌物质的抗菌活性进行了研究。结果表明,星斑川鲽各免疫相关组织的提取物具有抗鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌和爱德华氏菌的活性。各组织的抗菌物质对温度不敏感,分别在37、50、70和95℃不同温度中处理10 min,95℃处理的样品抗菌活性显著下降,而其他温度处理后抗菌活性则变化不明显。体表黏液抗菌物质的抗菌活性在酸性条件下强于碱性条件。溶菌酶与黏液及各组织的抗菌物质作用后,其抗菌活性略有下降,胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后则没有明显的变化,并且黏液及各组织的抗菌物质具有较高的溶血活性。经凝胶过滤层析的初步鉴定结果表明,各组织的抗菌活性物质可能是分子量较小的物质。 相似文献
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大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)是一种生活在潮间带的淤泥滩和红树林等两栖环境中的鱼类,其免疫系统面临比水生生活更大的选择压力。Toll样受体基因(简称TLR)是重要的先天免疫成员,一直是鱼类分子免疫学的研究热点之一。为了探究大弹涂鱼TLR基因是否因为其独特的生活环境而产生适应性进化以及其TLR基因在受到细菌攻击后的免疫应答模式,本研究从大弹涂鱼皮肤转录组中获得了TLR5, TLR8和TLR9完整序列以及TLR3和TLR7部分序列,采用分子生物信息学对大弹涂鱼TLR5, TLR8和TLR9基因序列以及氨基酸序列进行了分析,并根据所构建的系统发育树对5个TLR基因进行了分子进化分析,采用荧光定量PCR方法对大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因的组织表达分布和鳗弧菌攻击后5个TLR基因的免疫应答模式开展了研究。结果显示, TLR5基因全长3071 bp,包括长度为2646 bp的编码区,共编码882个氨基酸;TLR8基因全长3175 bp,包括长度为3033 bp的编码区,共编码1011个氨基酸;TLR9基因全长3398 bp,编码区长度为3093 bp,共编码1031个氨基酸。大弹涂鱼3个TLR基因与其他物种的TLR基因结构相似,具有高度保守性。位点模型结果表明,鱼类TLR3, TLR5和TLR8是高度保守的,而TLR7和TLR9在长期进化过程中产生了适应性进化;而进化枝-位点模型结果表明,为了适应更加复杂多变的两栖环境,大弹涂鱼TLR9基因可能产生了适应性进化。大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因在8个健康组织(肠,眼,肾,肝,脑,肌肉,脾和皮肤)中均有表达,在肝脏和脾脏中的表达量较高。在受到鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)攻击后的免疫表达模式表明了大弹涂鱼5个TLR基因在应对细菌入侵时起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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从对虾养殖池中分离出1株编号为2013082515(简称菌株15)的菌株,以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)为指示菌,分析了菌株15对指示菌的抑菌效果及最低抑菌浓度,同时,分析了菌株15对其他7株弧菌的抑菌效果.结果显示,菌株15对3株指示菌均具有抑菌效果,对鳗弧菌、哈维氏弧菌及副溶血弧菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2.50×104、2.50×105、2.50×105 CFU/ml;对其他弧菌也具有一定的抑菌效果.采用注射及浸泡感染方法分析了菌株15对对虾的生物安全性,结果显示,在高浓度时,菌株15对对虾具有潜在毒性.分别用细菌全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法和16S rDNA序列分析比对法对该菌进行分类鉴定,表明菌株15为一株假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.). 相似文献
5.
为研究病原微生物刺激后,菲律宾蛤仔I型溶菌酶的免疫应答反应,实验采用重组表达技术,从菲律宾蛤仔中得到2种I型溶菌酶的重组蛋白rVpILYZ-1和rVpILYZ-2,发现其均具有较为广谱的抑菌活性;其中,rVpILYZ-1对副溶血弧菌、灿烂弧菌和藤黄微球菌等具较强的抑菌活性,而rVpILYZ-2对副溶血弧菌抑菌活性较强,且二者均通过非酶抑菌活性和胞壁酸酶活性来发挥抑菌作用。结果显示,rVpILYZ-1最适pH和温度分别为6.5和20 ℃,而rVpILYZ-2最适pH和温度则分别为4.5和10 ℃。此外,rVpILYZ-1和rVpILYZ-2均具免疫调理活性,能够促进血细胞对病原菌的吞噬作用。研究表明,VpILYZ-1和VpILYZ-2在菲律宾蛤仔清除病原微生物的免疫应答反应中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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采用平板生长抑制法对鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergiikuntze多酚化合物各分级组分进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内各分级组分对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、沙蚕弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和四联微球菌等受试菌株均有抑菌活性。其中,分级组分I(Mr5.0×103)的抑菌效果优于其他组分,对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和沙蚕弧菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为900μg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鳗弧菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC值为1 800μg/ml,对四联微球菌的MIC值为3 600μg/ml。另外,组分I(Mr5.0×103)显示出较好的热稳定性,在pH 3~4时对受试菌的抑菌活性最强。 相似文献
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用免疫蛋白质组学的研究方法鉴定了哈氏弧菌的免疫反应蛋白。将哈氏弧菌接种于TSB培养基28℃培养18h,利用裂解液裂解细菌,提取全菌可溶性蛋白,一向电泳采用7cmpH4～7的胶条进行等电聚焦,二向用12.5%的SDS-PAGE胶分离蛋白质,考马斯亮蓝染色,获得双向电泳图谱,再结合免疫转印技术检测免疫反应的蛋白质,利用ImageMaster 2D Platinum进行配对分析得到15个非特异性的免疫反应性蛋白点,30个特异性的免疫反应性蛋白点。经过鉴定得到13种非特异性的免疫反应性蛋白质,这其中有2对蛋白在胶上的位置不同,但鉴定为同一种蛋白;同时得到28种特异性的免疫反应性蛋白质,有一个蛋白点没有在数据库中查找到相对应的蛋白质,还有1对蛋白在胶上的位置不同,但鉴定为同一种蛋白。将特异性免疫反应蛋白鉴定结果与非特异性比较发现有1对蛋白鉴定为同一种蛋白;另外,No.17和No.19是F0F1 ATP synthase的两个亚基。特异性免疫反应蛋白鉴定结果中有6个蛋白质是已知的其他细菌的具有免疫反应的蛋白,分别为OmpN,OmpW,OmpU,alanine dehydrogenase,Elongation factor... 相似文献
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为了建立鱼类皮肤蛋白质组双向电泳图谱及质谱鉴定,以鲫为实验动物,采用蛋白双向电泳(2-DE)结合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)技术,进行鲫皮肤的蛋白质组学研究。结果表明,当上样量为800μg,采用18 cm、p H3~10 IPG胶条,等电聚焦80 000 Vh,2-DE图谱检测为214个皮肤蛋白点,匹配率达88%;对其中31个蛋白点进行MS/MS鉴定为22种蛋白,包括肌球蛋白、肌动蛋白、角蛋白、锌指蛋白585B、效应蛋白Rab15、卷曲螺旋结构域蛋白168、NCK1相关蛋白,肌酸激酶、烯醇化酶、丙酮酸脱氢酶、腺苷酸激酶同工酶等;进行蛋白功能聚类(GO)分析发现12种生物学过程,主要参与代谢、细胞、有机体、免疫应答、生物调节和信号等过程。本研究首次初步揭示鲫皮肤蛋白质组及分子机制,以期为鱼类病害的预防和治疗提供科学参考。 相似文献
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鱼肠道弧菌(Vibrio ichthyoenteri)可引起多种养殖鱼类发病死亡, 给鱼类养殖业带来严重经济损失。为解决养殖过程中鱼肠道弧菌的现场快速检测问题, 本研究研制了鱼肠道弧菌胶体金快速检测试纸。通过制备兔抗鱼肠道弧菌多克隆抗体, 间接ELISA分析发现其与鱼肠道弧菌的外膜蛋白、鞭毛蛋白、胞外产物及全菌破碎蛋白发生阳性免疫反应, 与副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)的4种抗原蛋白发生程度不等的免疫交叉反应。制备胶体金标记鱼肠道弧菌抗体, 确定了鱼肠道弧菌4种抗原蛋白的划线浓度, 以4种抗原蛋白作为4条检测线, 羊抗兔IgG作为质控线, 基于竞争法免疫层析技术研制出鱼肠道弧菌快速检测试纸。对鱼肠道弧菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌和哈维氏弧菌的检测结果显示, 该试纸可以准确鉴别出鱼肠道弧菌, 并能判别其他病原菌的交叉反应。该试纸对鱼肠道弧菌的最低检测限为5×105 CFU/mL, 检测耗时为10 min。对患病牙鲆组织的检测结果显示, 该试纸与ELISA结果一致, 表明具有较好的检测准确性。本研究为水产养殖现场的鱼肠道弧菌快速、准确检测提供了有力工具。 相似文献
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通过RT-PCR扩增三疣梭子蟹C-型凝集素（C-type lectin like-domain protein,CTLD）基因序列,将目的基因克隆入质粒pET32a,构建原核表达重组质粒pET32a-CTLD.将重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21中,通过IPTG诱导CTLD的表达,对其表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot 检测.用His GraviTrap Ni亲和层析柱及超滤离心管纯化目的蛋白,并对其进行活性检验.结果表明,构建得到CTLD基因的原核表达载体,双酶切鉴定得到与预期片段相符的外源基因插入片段,经测序与目的序列完全一致;诱导表达出相对分子质量（M） 39 600的目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测,融合蛋白成功表达;重组C-型凝集素对兔的红细胞没有明显的凝集作用,但对小鼠红细胞的凝集效价是22,而对所选5种细菌的凝集作用存在差异,其中对大肠杆菌具有明显的凝集作用,而对溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均无凝集现象.本研究结果为进一步研究C-型凝集素在免疫防御中的作用与地位提供依据. 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity and innate immune components in skin mucus of Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ashwini Kumar Nigam Usha Kumari Swati Mittal Ajay Kumar Mittal 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):407-418
The present work has been undertaken to analyse the antibacterial activity and innate immune components in the skin mucus of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Skin mucus was extracted separately in triple‐distilled water (TDW), 3% acetic acid (3% AA) or 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (1% TFA). All mucus extracts exhibited different spectrum of the antibacterial activity against different groups of pathogenic bacteria. Protein profiling by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a series of protein bands in the TDW extract, four major protein bands in the AA extract and two protein bands in the TFA extract. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of distinct protein bands identified potential innate immune factors – histone H2A, histone H3, histone H4, haemoglobin, cofilin and nucleoside diphosphate kinase in the TDW extract, and ubiquitin and histone H2B isoforms in acidic extracts of skin mucus of C. mrigala. The presence of these innate immune molecules suggests that skin mucus play an important role in the protection of the fish against microbial invasion. 相似文献
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Hamidreza Ahmadniaye Motlagh Mehrdad Sarkheil Omid Safari Marina Paolucci 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):197-205
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary apple cider vinegar (ACV) on digestive enzyme activity and growth performance as well as immune responses and antibacterial activity of skin mucus in green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus). Fish were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% of ACV (40.830 ppm acetic acid concentration) for 63 days. The final weight and weight gain values were observed to be significantly higher in fish fed with 2% of ACV compared to the control group (p < .05). ACV inclusion in the diets had significant effects on SGR (%) and FCR values (p > .05). ACV treatment resulted in a significant increase in the intestinal protease, α‐amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared to control (p < .05). The activities of digestive enzymes in fish fed with 2% and 4% of ACV diets were significantly higher than the other groups (p < .05). The total protein content, alternative haemolytic complement, alkaline phosphatase, total immunoglobulins and lysozyme activities of skin mucus increased significantly in fish fed with ACV diets (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of ACV enhanced digestive enzyme activity, growth performance, immune responses and the immune properties of skin mucus, and it can be used as a natural growth promoter and immunostimulant in green terror culture. 相似文献
13.
Catherine Cheng Yun Chieng Hassan Mohd Daud Fatimah Md Yusoff Kim Dawn Thompson Maha Abdullah 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(10):1249-1258
Groupers are popular aquaculture species in South-East Asia, but their cultivation is affected by infectious disease outbreaks. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues provide a first-line defence against pathogens; however, few studies are available relating to cellular or proteomic responses of mucosal immunity in grouper. Skin, gill and intestine were sampled from brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) at 4 and 96 hr post-infection (hpi) and 7 days post-infection (dpi) following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio harveyi, and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Alcian Blue/periodic acid–Schiff. Skin mucus was analysed by 2D-gel electrophoresis, and proteins modulated by the bacterial infection identified. In the infected fish, significant increases in sacciform cells in skin and increased levels of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in mucus were detected at 4 hpi. At 96 hpi, goblet cells containing acidic mucins significantly increased in the intestine, while those containing mixed mucins increased in skin and gills of infected fish. Proteasome subunit alpha type-I and extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase levels also increased in mucus. Rodlet and mast cells did not appear to respond to the infection. Mucosal tissues of grouper appeared actively involved in response to Vibrio infection. This information may help future research on improving grouper health, production and vaccine development. 相似文献
14.
Syed Shariq N. Qadiri Marappan Makesh Kooloth V. Rajendran Gaurav Rathore Chandra S. Purushothaman 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):856-865
Mucosal immune barriers confer protection against invading fish pathogens. Here, we conducted an experiment for 60 days to assess the mucosal and systemic immune response in Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), an Indian major carp. Fish were immunized with inactivated Edwardsiella tarda by four different routes, namely, oral, immersion, injection, and anal intubation. An indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the specific immune response (antibody) in serum and mucus (collected from skin, gill, and gut) of the fish on 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days postimmunization. For specific immune response in the serum, significantly higher (p < 0.05) optical density (OD) values were obtained in the anal group (0.52 ± 0.03) and in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.03). In the skin mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.48 ± 0.04) and immersion group (0.32 ± 0.03). In the gill mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the oral group (0.82 ± 0.08) and the immersion group (0.73 ± 0.03). In the gut mucus, significantly higher OD values were obtained in the immersion group (0.080 ± 0.007) compared to the rest of the treatments. Fish from all the groups were challenged with LD50 dose of E. tarda at the end of the experiment. We conclude that oral and immersion immunization routes offer better protection of C. mrigala compared to other antigen delivery routes. 相似文献
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The innate immune system, particularly the external body surface, plays a frontier role in protecting fish from relevant infections. The present study is aimed at understanding and comparing the mucosal immunity of Indian major carp, that is, Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala, by evaluating different immune parameters such as protein content, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, proteases and alkaline phosphatase activity in the skin mucus. The protein content of mucus sample of these species was compared, and the highest protein content was found in C. catla among the three Indian major carp species. The levels of proteases (40 ± 0.211 units/ml) and myeloperoxidase OD450 nm (1.525 ± 0.108) were found to be highest in the skin mucus of C. catla. However, lysozyme levels were highest in the skin mucus of L. rohita (10.95 ± 0.330 μg/ml), and C. mrigala had the highest alkaline phosphatase activity (30.74111 ± 0.680 U/l). Besides the enzyme activities, the epidermal mucus samples of three Indian major carp species were also tested and compared for the antibacterial activity against seven bacterial strains. Skin mucus of C. catla showed highest antibacterial activity among the three Indian major carps against all the seven bacterial strain, except that Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Vibrio cholerae, however, showed highest activity against mucus of C. mrigala. Also, the epidermal mucus from all the three species successfully agglutinated three freshwater pathogens, viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Edwardsiella tarda, with agglutination titres being the highest for Labeo rohita for all the pathogens. The epidermal mucus samples from the Indian major carp species showed haemagglutination activity and successfully lysed human, chicken and goat RBCs showing highest activity in C. catla. These results provide information for a better understanding of the role of epidermal mucus and its components in the innate immune system of Indian major carps. 相似文献
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Identification and characterization of proteases from skin mucus of tambacu,a Neotropical hybrid fish 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. M. C. Salles P. Gagliano S. A. T. Leitão J. B. Salles H. L. M. Guedes V. P. F. Cassano S. Giovanni De-Simone 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(2):173-179
Skin secretions of fishes constitute a rich source of proteins with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties. We report
here the characterization of proteases from skin mucus of tambacu, an economically important Neotropical hybrid fish. The
effects of pH on the proteolytic activities of the mucus acting on various substracts – hemoglobin, casein, bovine serum albumin
(BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) – were tested. Optimal pH values for protease activity on hemoglobin were 4.5 and 8.5, on casein,
8.5, on BSA, 5.0 and 7.5, and on ovalbumin, 4.5 and 6.5. The proteolytic activity was inhibited on all of these substrates
in the presence of specific inhibitors: caseinolytic activity was inhibited by inhibitors of serine and metalloproteases;
hemoglobinolytic activity was inhibited by serine, aspartic and metalloproteases inhibitors; albuminolytic activity on BSA
was inhibited by serine and aspartic proteases inhibitors, and on ovalbumin, by cysteine and aspartic proteases inhibitors.
Gelatin zymography revealed that the skin mucus of tambacu consisted primarily of serine and metalloproteases. Hemoglobin
zymography showed one proteolytic band inhibited by EDTA, whereas casein zymography showed two proteases inhibited by serine
proteases inhibitors. We were able to identify all classes of proteases in the mucus from the skin of tambacu. These, and
these results suggest that the proteolytic activities of the skin mucus of fish may play an important role in the defense
against microorganisms and ectoparasites. 相似文献
18.
The immune responses of mucus from the skin of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, were studied in relation to changing water temperature. Groups of fish were exposed to a programmed increase of 3 °C per 48 h, until the experimental water temperatures of 16, 20, 23, 25, 27 or 28 °C were reached. After 48 h at the relevant temperature, the expressions of immune‐related factors were determined, including immunoglobulin M (IgM), IL‐1β, hepcidin, transferrin, lysozyme, acid/alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase using RT–PCR and spectrophotometric methods. Significant changes in mucus immunity were observed, which paralleled with those previously reported for serum in other fish species. Hence, it is suggested that the serum and mucus immune system of turbot have a similar regulatory system. This information could be useful in better understanding the role of the mucus as a component of the innate immune system. 相似文献
19.
刺激隐核虫是一种原生纤毛类寄生虫,可以感染几乎所有海水硬骨鱼类并导致死亡,给海水鱼类养殖业造成巨大经济损失。由于刺激隐核虫体表寄生的特性,使其成为研究鱼类黏膜免疫机制的良好病原模型,可为高效疫苗的研发提供理论依据。本文综述了鱼类抗刺激隐核虫感染的黏膜免疫研究进展,以期为开展海水鱼类抗刺激隐核虫感染的免疫防控措施研究提供理论支撑。已有研究表明,受刺激隐核虫感染后,斜带石斑鱼皮肤黏液或其培养上清液能使幼虫发生阻动,由皮肤中的抗体分泌细胞产生的特异性IgM抗体在抗寄生虫感染中发挥重要作用;同时在刺激隐核虫感染时,多种免疫细胞如NCC细胞、中性粒细胞等在寄生虫周围聚集,趋化因子以及趋化因子受体表达量在寄生虫感染部位上调,暗示其调节的免疫细胞也参与抗虫免疫;此外,研究发现黄斑蓝子鱼对刺激隐核虫具有天然抗性,其血清和皮肤黏液对刺激隐核虫幼虫和滋养体均具有杀灭作用,已从其血清中分离到一种天然抗虫蛋白—L-氨基酸氧化酶,为刺激隐核虫病的防控提供新的途径;在理论研究的基础上,通过免疫实验证实疫苗防控刺激隐核虫病是可行的。 相似文献