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1.
为发掘克氏原螯虾卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长的重要功能基因,采用Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2 500高通量测序平台对克氏原螯虾的卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉组织进行了转录组测序。所得序列经质控、组装后比对到NR、Swiss-Prot、pfam、COG、GO和KEGG数据库中注释,并进行差异基因聚类分析。结果显示,测序共获得了53 006个unigene,平均长度为1 194 bp。对3个组织样品的测序文库进行两两比较,发现在卵巢vs.肝胰腺中有差异表达基因(differentially expressed gene, DEG)20 382个,在肝胰腺vs.肌肉中有DEG 12 753个,在肌肉vs.卵巢中有DEG 21 629个。GO功能分类分析发现,部分DEG被注释到繁殖(reproduction)、繁殖过程(reproduction process)、免疫系统过程(immune system process)和生长(growth)GO条目。KEGG pathway分析显示,一部分DEG在卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长相关的信号通路中得到了富集。根据GO功能分类和KEGG信号通路分析筛选出了大量与克氏原螯虾卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长相关的候选基因,如卵黄蛋白原、卵黄蛋白原受体、Toll样受体2、Toll样受体相互作用蛋白、肌肉生长抑制素和5-羟色胺受体等。本研究结果丰富了克氏原螯虾的基因资源,可为克氏原螯虾的遗传育种和免疫研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
2.
饲料中大豆磷脂对红螯光壳螯虾性腺发育期营养物质积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基础饲料中添加5种不同水平的大豆磷脂(SL):0%(Diet 1),1%(Diet 2),2%(Diet 3),4%(Diet 4)和6%(Diet 5)。饲喂初始体质量为(25.64±1.53)g的红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)雌虾8周,观察其卵巢发育期个体生长、性腺指数等参数的变化,分析卵巢和肝胰腺营养物质积累的快慢以及与营养物质积累相关基因脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)mRNA表达的差异。结果表明:饲料中不同水平的SL对卵巢发育期红螯光壳螯虾的成活率和相对增重率(WG)影响不显著(P>0.05),但饲喂≥2%(SL)饲料的雌虾性腺指数(GSI)显著升高(P<0.05),雌虾的肝胰腺指数(HSI)则随饲料中SL的增加而呈下降趋势(P>0.05);随着饲料中SL的增加,虾肝胰腺中脂滴的体积增大,数量增多,结构更加完整,质地更加均匀,卵巢中脂滴和卵黄颗粒的数量增多,体积增大;同时,饲料中SL的增加促进了FABP在肝胰腺和卵巢中的表达量。综上所述,饲料中的SL对红螯光壳螯虾雌虾卵巢发育具有促进作用,在培育红螯光壳螯虾雌虾亲体过程中,含6.5%鱼油的基础饲料至少补充2%的SL有利于雌虾卵巢的快速发育。本研究旨在为深入研究虾蟹生殖生理学和规模化红螯光壳螯虾早繁苗种生产等提供基础资料。 相似文献
3.
为探究眼柄摘除对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadriarinatus)生长、性腺发育及体色的影响,对6月龄红螯光壳螯虾[体质量(47.47±3.48)g]进行了摘除眼柄处理实验。结果显示,4周后摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾体质量为(84.40±13.41)g,显著高于不摘除眼柄组[(49.63±6.47)g]和摘除单侧眼柄组[(51.47±4.08)g](P<0.05);摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾存活率为60.0%±4.8%,显著低于不摘除眼柄组和摘除单侧眼柄组(分别为94.4%±2.3%和97.2%±2.1%);摘除双侧眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾性腺指数为1.23±0.50,显著高于不摘除眼柄组(0.20±0.06)和摘除单侧眼柄组(0.35±0.08)。利用ImageJ软件对红螯光壳螯虾体色RGB值分析表明,摘除双眼柄组红螯光壳螯虾体色G值和B值(分别为99.26±5.23和98.40±3.58)显著高于摘除单侧眼柄组(59.02±3.85和44.07±4.57)(P<0.05)。结果表明,眼柄摘除能促进红螯光壳螯虾生长和性腺发育,影响体色变化。 相似文献
4.
红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)酚氧化酶原基因的克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾酚氧化酶原(proPO)基因的非特异性免疫机制,利用RACE技术从红螯光壳螯虾血细胞中克隆到酚氧化酶原基因cqproPO,cqproPO基因cDNA全长为2 962 bp,开放阅读框为1 998 bp,编码665个氨基酸,其结构中含有两个铜离子结合位点,预测分子量为75.86 ku;同源性比对结果显示,红螯光壳螯虾CqproPO与克氏原螯虾酚氧化酶原的同源性最高为79％,其次是淡水螯虾74％、挪威龙虾69％、美国龙虾67％等;进化分析发现CqproPO与克氏原鳌虾、淡水螯虾、挪威龙虾、美国龙虾等的酚氧化酶原亲缘关系最近;Realtime-PCR实验结果表明,CqproPO在血细胞中表达水平最高,其次是肠、触角腺、鳃等;在肝胰腺中有适量表达;WSSV感染后红螯光壳螯虾CqproPO mRNA在血细胞、肝胰腺和鳃组织中具有不同的时空表达趋势,但感染组和免疫后感染组mRNA表达量分别在感染后12h和24 h达到最大值,且在3种组织中2个感染组的CqproPO表达量为对照组的1.3 ～2.55倍,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),之后cqproPO基因的转录水平明显下降.免疫后再受病毒感染的虾,CqproPO mRNA的表达量在3种组织中总体高于感染组,感染7d后的免疫保护率达到51.86％,表明免疫增强剂可使机体的抗病毒能力增强,对防御WSSV感染具有一定的免疫保护作用. 相似文献
5.
饲料中非蛋白能源物质对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾生长、生理、生化指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在等蛋白质、等能量基础上,研究碳水化合物与脂类比例(CHO∶L)为10.75∶1、4.81∶1、2.66∶1、1.52∶1和0.87∶1的5组试验饲料对红螯光壳螯虾[初始体质量(1.72±0.01)g]相关生长、生理、生化指标的影响。8周试验结果表明,CHO∶L比例为2.66∶1时,红螯光壳螯虾的增重率、特定生长率和饲料利用率达到最高。高比例的CHO∶L(10.75∶1)和低比例的CHO∶L(0.87∶1)都会显著地抑制(P<0.05)红螯光壳螯虾的生长和饲料的利用。饲料脂肪水平为40～145 g/kg时,虾的脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),己糖激酶和丙酮酸激酶活力则呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05)。CHO∶L对虾胃蛋白酶活力影响显著(P<0.01),CHO∶L为2.66∶1和1.52∶1表现出比较高的活力,显著高于(P<0.05)其它试验组。碳水化合物为156.3～360.4 g/kg范围内,虾淀粉酶活力随饲料中碳水化合物的升高而显著升高(P<0.01)。红螯光壳螯虾增重率分别与饲料中碳水化合物和脂肪水平进行二次回归分析得出,红螯光壳螯虾对配合饲料中碳水化合物和脂肪的最适需求量分别为268.28和120.22 g/kg,相对应的CHO∶L为2.20∶1,且红螯光壳螯虾对碳水化合物的利用能力要高于对脂肪的利用。 相似文献
6.
为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的表达特性及维生素C对其表达的影响,实验利用RACE-PCR技术及荧光定量PCR技术,从红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中克隆得到组织蛋白酶L基因cDNA全长序列,命名为CqCatL(GenBank登录号:KJ913663),同时检测了该基因在红螯光壳螯虾各个组织及添加了不同浓度维生素C的组别中的表达。结果显示,该基因全长1 810 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 026 bp,编码341个氨基酸残基,预测的分子量和等电点(pI)分别为37.63 ku和5.17。同源性分析结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白与其他虾蟹类有较高的相似性,说明组织蛋白酶L基因在甲壳动物具有较高的保守性。组织荧光定量PCR结果显示,CqCatL基因在红螯光壳螯虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高,其次为血细胞,在肠及触角腺中也有一定量的表达。在基础饲料中添加不同水平的维生素C后,CqCatL基因的表达量也存在明显差异,其中维生素C添加量为400 mg/kg的组别中该基因的表达量最高。研究表明,组织蛋白酶L基因在红螯光壳螯虾的生长发育过程中有重要的作用,且其表达量受维生素C的影响。 相似文献
8.
澳大利亚红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)国内也有人称为澳洲龙虾、红爪龙虾或淡水龙虾，台湾省译为四脊滑龙虾，产于澳大利亚北部。隶属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟河虾科、光壳虾属。此虾个体大、适应环境能力强(终身生活在淡水中)、食性广、能进行高密度养殖。红螯螯虾味道鲜美，营养丰富，深受人们喜爱。发展红螯螯虾养殖前景广阔。 相似文献
9.
建立了利用Percoll不连续密度梯度离心分离红螯光壳螯虾血细胞的方法,并对配制分离体系的缓冲液以及分离体系的密度组成进行了优化。结果显示,由20%、65%和100%的Percoll组成的分离体系分离效果最优。在转速为1 810 r/min的条件下离心20 min之后,可将红螯光壳螯虾血细胞分为SGC与GC 2个细胞层。经流式细胞术分析,发现细胞层纯度均在95%以上,细胞死亡比率低于1.5%,可用于后续的细胞功能分析。此方法简单有效,为后续研究螯虾的免疫防御机制及病害防治方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
红螯螯虾感染白斑综合征病毒 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)是澳州淡水龙虾的一种,属甲壳纲、十足目、长尾亚目、拟螯虾科、光壳虾属,原产地澳大利亚,具有个体大、生长快、食性杂、易饲养等养殖性能优势;同时,因其肉味鲜美、富含低胆固醇蛋白质,是目前世界上较名贵的淡水经济虾之一。目前,美国、拉丁美 相似文献
11.
S. Gómez 《Aquarium Sciences and Conservation》2001,3(4):321-324
A histopathological study of tubercular lesions in Lebias (=Aphanius) ibera and Valencia hispanica (Cyprinodontidae) was carried out using conventional acid-fast staining and immunohistochemical methods. The clinical signs
in diseased fish comprised exophthalmos, emaciation and melanosis. Examination of stained sections revealed a systemic granulomatous
process associated with positive Zielh–Neelsen bacilli in the lesions. The immunohistochemical staining was positive in all
cases and the mycobacterial antigen was detected in affected organs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Using mark-recapture methods, the movements of the fluvial form of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) in a mountain stream on the island of Kyushu, Japan, were studied. Most (78%) of the masu salmon were recaptured in the
pool in which they had been originally caught and tagged. Of those that moved between pools, the proportion of individuals
that moved during the breeding period was not significantly higher than the proportion that moved during the non-breeding
period. However, during the breeding period, a higher proportion of larger salmon moved than did smaller fish. The proportion
of mobile large males during breeding period was higher than that for small males. Also, it was found that a few individuals
showed long-range movement in the autumn. As a long-term movement, 78 individual fish (65%) that were recaptured more than
three times showed high sedentary tendencies. Sixteen individual mobile fish (13%) moved and returned to the original pool.
Fluvial form of masu salmon in Kyushu show a high sedentary nature; however, large mature males seem to actively move in search
of female during breeding period. 相似文献
13.
Deformities of skeletal structures, the heart, and other organs are a recurrent problem in species used in intensive aquaculture.
Elevated egg incubation temperature appears to be a high risk factor in the development of these malformations, but the causal
relation has not been established. Our aim was to identify candidate genes involved in the development of heat induced deformities
in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Temperature sensitive genes were isolated by RNA Arbitrarily Primed (RAP)-PCR. A total of 33 RAP-PCR products were successfully
sequenced, and the expression of eight identified genes was further examined by RT-PCR from pooled samples of heat exposed
embryos. Five of these genes were demonstrated to be temperature sensitive, of which four were shown to be up-regulated and
one was down-regulated at elevated water temperatures. The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene, which is a promising candidate for heart deformities, showed the highest level of heat induction. Three additional
RAP-PCR products identified as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleprotein (hnRNP) A0, acyl CoA binding protein (ACBP) and mitochondrial (mt)-HSP70 showed up-regulated mRNA expression in response to elevated water temperature. The single down-regulated gene was identified
as an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) homolog of the cysteine and tyrosine-rich 1 (CYYR1) gene. This study demonstrated that a temperature elevation of only 4 °C during the early stages of the organogenesis in
Atlantic salmon induce altered expression of a number of genes, which are candidates for the development of heat induced deformities. 相似文献
14.
为研究大菱鲆高温胁迫下相关应激基因的表达影响,采用Real-time PCR对本课题组已定位到的大菱鲆高温胁迫应答主效QTL中的4个候选基因(p53、UBE2H、ZNF469和MAGI2基因)在不同温度胁迫下的肝脏、鳃、脾脏、皮肤4个组织中的表达量进行检测。以大菱鲆正常生活水温14°C为对照组,20°C、23°C、25°C和28°C为实验组,进行数据分析。结果显示,4个基因在各个组织中均有表达,且表达量具有组织和温度特异性。其中UBE2H的表达量在4个组织中均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,在肝脏、脾脏、皮肤组织中20°C时急剧上升并达到峰值且差异显著;在鳃组织中23°C时达峰值,差异显著。p53在4个组织中的表达量均有先上升后下降的趋势,但在鳃和皮肤组织中28°C时表达量急剧升高达到峰值且差异显著。ZNF469和MAGI2在4个组织中均在20°C时大量表达,并远高于其他温度。研究表明,在大菱鲆高温胁迫应答过程中p53基因与DNA修复和细胞凋亡密切相关,而UBE2H基因参与的泛素-蛋白酶体途径对p53基因具有反馈调节作用,是维持细胞稳态的关键基因;ZNF469和MAGI2在作为鱼类应答高温胁迫的生物标志物方面具有重要研究价值。 相似文献
15.
This study was conducted to gain insight into the characteristics of algal blooms in relation to the marine environment of
Gamak Bay. From the first known occurrence of algal blooms in 1984 until 2006, 23 causal species have been identified, the
most common ones being Prorocentrum sp., Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, and Heterosigma akashiwo. A principal component analysis indicated that blooms of these species develop under different conditions in terms of water
temperature, salinity, precipitation, and insolation. Field data showed Cochlodinium polykrikoides to be favored by high temperatures and to be euryhaline, whereas Skeletonema costatum appeared to be eurythermal and euryhaline. Prorocentrum sp. and Chaetoceros sp. appeared to be stenothermal and stenohaline. Finally, Heterosigma akashiwo appeared at the lowest temperature and highest salinity of the five species and was classified here as stenothermal and stenohaline. 相似文献
16.
泥蚶34个EST-SSR标记的开发及在格粗饰蚶中的通用性检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用泥蚶转录组高通量测序、拼接获得的大量EST序列开发SSR标记,在1123条EST序列里筛查到73条含有SSR位点的EST序列,其中54个位点适合设计引物,在位点两侧设计引物并进行PCR扩增.结果显示,46对引物获得稳定扩增的位点,引物在泥蚶奉化群体的多态性检测中发现,有34对引物表现出多态性,共扩增出122个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数Na为2～7个,平均每个位点产生3.59个等位基因,观测杂合度Ho、期望杂合度He、多态信息含量PIC范围分别为0.000 ～ 0.600、0.078 ～0.771、0.106～0.718;Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测显示,13个位点偏离了平衡状态;用Nr和Swiss-Prot蛋白质数据库对含有多态性SSR的EST进行了基因注释,25个SSR位点来自注释基因序列.将34对泥蚶多态性SSR引物在格粗饰蚶中进行了通用性检测,结果有1 1对成功扩增,8对表现为多态,通用率为23.53％,这些通用引物可用于两种蚶的遗传多样性评价、系统进化分析、比较作图和基因发掘等研究. 相似文献
17.
Garth L. Fletcher Madonna J. King Ming H. Kao Margaret A. Shears 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,6(2):121-127
Several species of marine teleosts have evolved blood plasma antifreeze polypeptides which enable them to survive in ice-laden seawater. Four distinct antifreeze protein classes differing in carbohydrate content, amino acid composition, protein sequence and secondary structure are currently known. Although all of these antifreezes are relatively small (2.6–33 kd) it was generally thought that they were excluded from the urine by a variety of glomerular mechanisms. In the present study antifreeze polypeptides were found in the bladder urine of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Since the plasma of each of these fish contains a different antifreeze class it would appear that all four classes of antifreeze can enter the urine. The major antifreeze components in the urine of winter flounder were found to be identical to the major plasma components in terms of high performance liquid chromatography retention times and amino acid composition. It is concluded that plasma antifreeze peptides need not be chemically modified before they can enter the urine. 相似文献
18.
缢蛏EGFR基因内含子1内SNP位点多态性与生长性状相关性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究缢蛏表皮生长因子受体基因(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)与生长性状(壳长、壳宽、壳高和体质量)的相关性。本实验利用直接测序法从缢蛏EGFR基因的第一个内含子序列中共筛选到17个SNP位点。卡方检验结果显示,在17个位点中,有13个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,位点多态性检测显示17个位点中有10个位点表现为中等多态性(0.25PIC0.5)。利用一般线性模型(general linear model,GLM)及多重比较对缢蛏EGFR基因中17个SNPs的多态性与生长性状(壳长、壳宽、壳高和体质量)进行相关性分析,结果显示,16个SNP位点均与缢蛏的壳长、壳宽、壳高及体质量呈显著性相关。由此可见,EGFR基因可作为缢蛏生长性状改良的候选辅助分子标记,并且为进一步研究其生长相关功能奠定基础。 相似文献
19.
Bacillus subtilis isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was incorporated into the rearing water of Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) at four different concentrations (5 × 108 cells ml−1, 5 × 107 cells ml−1, 5 × 106 cells ml−1 and 5 × 105 cells ml−1) and its effect on fish growth performance and survival, water quality parameters and bacterial population of water were
assessed. The results showed that the addition of bacterial cells in the rearing water resulted in greater survival and a
faster growth rate and, hence, greater length and weight increments of the livebearers. The use of a bioaugmentor in the rearing
water of the livebearing fishes resulted in significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of dissolved organic matter and total ammonium nitrogen. The counts of motile aeromonads and total
coliforms recorded in the water of bioaugmented tanks were also lower than that in the control tank. Bioaugmentation between
106 and 108 cells ml−1 in the rearing water is sufficient in establishing a bioaugmentor and the use of a higher concentration of bacterial cells
did not always lead to significantly better results. 相似文献
20.
为探索鱼类转铁蛋白基因tf和转铁蛋白受体基因tfr1a的转录调控机制,本实验以团头鲂为研究对象,在其全基因组数据库中获取tf和tfr1a基因序列,对2个基因候选启动子区转录因子结合位点及CpG岛进行预测,通过PCR方法克隆得到tf和tfr1a基因近端启动子区不同长度片段,连接至pGL3-Basic/pEGFP-1载体,瞬时转染入Hela细胞,并采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统进行检测。结果发现,团头鲂tf基因启动子区无CpG岛位点,而tfr1a基因启动子区有2个CpG岛位点。成功构建9个tf和10个tfr1a不同长度启动子片段的重组质粒,经双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测发现,tf启动子核心区域为-268^+56 bp,且-1 308^-1 102 bp片段可能存在正调控该基因表达的转录因子结合位点;tfr1a启动子核心区域为-224^+48 bp,且+48^+92 bp可能存在抑制该基因转录的负调控元件,而-1 229^-1 219 bp区域可能存在促进tfr1a基因表达的正调控转录因子结合位点。 相似文献