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氯化钾在海胆苗种生产中的应用综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了ＫＣｌ在诱导亲海胆排放精卵,八腕幼虫附着变态,稚海胆剥离方面的应用０．１～０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ可刺激亲海胆性腺强烈收缩而排放精卵;１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ诱导处理红海胆八腕幼虫５ｍｉｎ即可全部变态为正常的稚海胆,５０～８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ剥离稚红海胆在３０ｍｉｎ以内是安全,可靠,有效的１０ｍｉｎ以内即可全剥离下来。 相似文献
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虾夷马粪海胆１９８９年５月从日本北海道引入大连，初引进海胆壳径为０．５～１．３ｃｍ，养至１９９０年１０月性成熟并进行首次育苗，培育出Ｆ１代，其后１９９３年～１９９５年又培育出Ｆ２和Ｆ３代约５００万枚。亲海胆采取海区笼养和室内促熟方法。诱产用阴干与流水、注射０．５ＭＫＣｌ、加入性产物三种催产方法可成功获得成熟精、卵。受精卵孵化需１１．５～１２．５ｈ（１６．０～１８．５℃）达囊胚期上浮，后经二腕、四腕、六腕、八腕幼虫，以纤细角刺藻为饵料，１８～２１天（１５．０～１８．５℃）变态附着为稚海胆并摄食底栖硅藻，３０天～５０天达０．２～０．３ｃｍ以上剥离投喂石莼、囊藻、海带等，当壳径长至０．５～１．０ｃｍ以上时可下海养殖。 相似文献
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大连紫海胆人工育苗的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文报道了有关海胆人工育苗的方法,并对大连紫海胆幼虫的生长发育和变态作了详细描述。大连紫海胆的幼虫可分为,棱柱幼虫、二腕长腕幼虫、四腕长腕幼虫、六腕长腕幼虫和八腕长腕幼虫五个时期。在山东省荣城浬岛海区,大连紫海胆的育苗时间为7—8月。在水温为23—24℃时,自受精卵发育至变态成幼海胆的时间大约需要19—20天。幼虫的饵料以角毛藻为最佳,而幼海胆的饵料早期为底栖硅藻,后期以石药较为合适。 相似文献
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于1999年9月-2000年6月对日本紫海胆进行了秋季人工育苗培育技术的试验研究。在整个海胆人工育苗全过程中，采取在换水量、投饵量、吸底清污次数及操作管理强度等方面均降低50％的情况下．受精卵孵化率达96．6％(比较组为95．9％)，进入附着变态期的八腕后期幼体成活率为80％(比较组为74．4％)。稚海胆壳径达4mm左右进行剥离，成活率为100％，壳径达到10mm增养殖规格的海胆苗种时，其成活率为43．2％。 相似文献
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对中间球海胆（♀）与光棘球海胆（♂）杂交F1代的生殖腺特征进行了研究，并与母本中间球海胆进行了比较。试验结果表明，中间球海胆的生殖腺颜色一般呈橙色或橘黄色（不同发育时期有所不同），结构致密；杂交海胆中有约90％表现为橙色和橘黄色，约10％呈黄色和浅棕色，约20％的个体生殖腺结构疏松，且和发育周期及色泽无关。杂交海胆的生殖腺指数与中间球海胆的变化基本一致，并且雌雄个体差别不明显。杂交海胆在生殖腺发育的整个过程中，生殖腺指数虽然也出现周期性的变化，但组织切片观察发现杂交海胆生殖腺发育不能象母本一样有明显分期，只有个别雌性个体能产生成熟卵细胞，雄性个体未见成熟精子。 相似文献
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大连紫海胆人工育苗试验 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
本文就大连紫海胆人工育苗的主要技术环节以及种海胆成熟度鉴别等进行了探讨。1988的试验结果表明:使用0.5M的KC1诱导采卵并按卵与精子1:1000的密度人工授精,受精卵按1～2个/毫升孵化,浮游幼体按0.2～0.8个/毫升培育并以牟氏角毛藻为主单一或混合投喂,稚海胆前期以底栖硅藻,后期加喂石莼或者剥离后投喂石莼或人工配合饲料,整个育苗工艺基本是可行的。 相似文献
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本文报告了采用聚乙烯网衣作为虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝稚贝附着基的附着效果。对变态幼虫至稚贝期的生长和成活稚贝及附着期中间育成率等进行了对比试验。结果表明,采用网衣附着基变态幼虫附着速度比棕帘慢,变态幼虫至稚贝的附着率及其日生长平均值分别为：采用网衣附着基,虾夷扇贝稚贝附着率为５１．９％,平均日生长为１８．２８μｍ,棕帘为５４％,１９．０μｍ。而海湾扇贝网衣为４９．９８％,２１．４μｍ,棕帘为５９％,２１．０μｍ。稚贝中间育成率及单位水体出苗量分别为：虾夷扇贝网衣为２０．８％、６９．１７万枚／ｍ３,棕帘为１６．４３％、５８．５７万枚／ｍ３,海湾扇贝网衣为１８．９９％、８８．３万枚／ｍ３,棕帘为１８．３４％、６０．０万枚／ｍ３。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: As a possible factor leading to the low recruitment level of sea urchins in kelp forests, the inhibitory effect of 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) released from the large perennial brown algae Ecklonia kurome and Eisenia bicyclis on survival and metamorphosis of eight-armed larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was examined. The percentage of larvae that underwent metamorphosis in filtered sea water after 1 h exposure to one-half dilution of saturated dibromomethane solution (∼60 ppm) as a chemical inducer reached approximately 100% after 1 h, while that in filtered sea water containing 1 ppm TBP was reduced to 73%. This was further reduced to less than 40% in the presence of 10 and 20 ppm TBP after 2 h. In filtered sea water containing 1 and 10 ppm DBP, the proportion of metamorphosed larvae was reduced markedly to 43 and 5% after 2 h, respectively. All larvae exposed to 50 ppm TBP and to 20 and 50 ppm DBP died after 1 h. These findings suggest that DBP is more toxic than TBP for sea urchin larvae, strongly inhibiting their metamorphosis. 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):549-557
A volatile chemical, dibromomethane (DBM), produced from red coralline algae is known as a chemical inducer of larval metamorphosis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. We performed experiments exposing DBM to the larvae of S. nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius through a hydrophobic membrane. Metamorphic rates resulting from different diluted DBM solutions and exposure times were ascertained. The highest metamorphic rate, more than 80% in both species, was found after 1 h exposure to 1/2 diluted DBM. With this dilution, more than 80% of S. nudus and S. intermedius larvae metamorphosed 1 h after start of the experiment after only 10 and 5 min exposure, respectively, which corresponded to the low concentrations of 52–61 ppm and 34–43 ppm DBM by GCMS analysis, respectively. These findings suggest that DBM has an instantaneous effect on high success of metamorphosis of larvae of S. nudus and S. intermedius. 相似文献
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Lance E. Morgan Stephen R. Wing Louis W. Botsford Carolyn J. Lundquist & Jennifer M. Diehl 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(1):83-98
To better understand the spatial distribution of recruitment in the northern California red sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus franciscanus ) population, we sampled size distributions at each of 12 locations in 1995 and 1996, two of those locations in 1994, and 5 of those locations in 1997. An index of recent recruitment in these size distributions and an estimate of density of recent recruitment reflect a similar spatial pattern of recruitment. This pattern appears to be determined by the effect of coastal circulation on larval delivery during relaxation of upwelling, and not the result of the positive effect of the adult spine canopy on juvenile survival. Recent recruitment of red sea urchins in northern California is higher in areas more frequently subjected to onshore and poleward flow during relaxation of upwelling. These results are consistent with a mechanism by which alongshore spatial variability in southward, offshore flow during upwelling winds allows larvae to maintain latitudinal position, whereas flows during event-scale relaxations in upwelling winds serve to distribute settling larvae alongshore, favouring areas north of promontories. The consequent spatial pattern of red sea urchin settlement varies from year to year, and there are not yet sufficient data to demonstrate the degree to which this spatial pattern in recruitment determines a spatial pattern in fishable adult abundance. 相似文献
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四种海胆杂交的可行性及子代的早期发育 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
报道了中国北部沿海马粪海胆、海刺猬、光棘球海胆三种主要海胆与引自日本的中间球海胆四种海胆之间的不同组合的杂交试验及其子代浮游幼体及幼海胆的早期生长发育.结果表明,采用生殖调控可使不同海胆达到同步繁殖,在8～24℃下各种海胆杂交组合的受精率与亲本亲缘关系有关,同时受到双亲繁殖适宜温度的影响,受精率介于0～69.6%之间,均低于自交组.以马粪海胆和海刺猬为亲本的正反交、以马粪海胆和中间球海胆为亲本的正反交以及马粪海胆()×光棘球海胆()各组杂交胚胎均可发育至四腕幼虫,但畸形率较高,浮游时间比自交组延长3～10d,在其中的3个杂交组得到了幼海胆,经过14个月的室内培育,杂交组成活率低于自交组,壳直径达2.59～2.88cin. 相似文献
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温度和藻类饵料对虾夷马粪海胆摄食及生长的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对虾夷马粪海胆石在１０．０－２５．０℃水温下单独投喂海带,裙带菜、石莼及１５．４－１７．８℃混合投喂海带、裙带菜、石莼、铜藻、角叉菜的不同组合和２１．６－２７．４℃饥饿状态下的摄食、生长及成活进行了试验研究。海胆体重与壳直径的关系为Ｇ＝０．４３１３２Ｄ＾２．９９５８。海胆对海带、裙采、石莼的日摄食率依次降低且随水温变化而异。１．０－３．６ｃｍ的纪海胆在１０．０－２５．０℃下摄食上述海藻均可保持较快 相似文献
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Sten Ivar Siikavuopio 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2012,43(4):579-584
The effects of hyperoxic conditions on survival, gonad growth, feed intake, and food conversion of adult and somatic growth and survival of juvenile green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, were examined. Juvenile and adult sea urchins with initial diameters of 11.5 and 75 mm, respectively, were reared in water with constant oxygen saturations of 100 (control), 115 and 130% for 42 d (juvenile) and 51 d (adult sea urchin) at 8 C and 33‰ salinity. During the experiment the gonad indices of the adults tripled from 7.3% (±1.5) to 21.4% (±4.3), 19.4% (±4.7), and 22.0% (±4.4) for the groups kept at 100, 115, and 130% oxygen saturation, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the differences in gonadal size among the groups were not significant. Neither were there any significant differences in food intake or food conversion ratio among the groups. Only one animal died during the experiment. The juvenile sea urchin kept at 100, 115, and 130% oxygen saturation doubled their test diameter from initially 11.5 mm (±1.5) to 19.9 mm (±1.4), 21.4 mm (±2.1) and 20.6 mm (1.0), respectively, but there were no significant differences in growth among these groups. There was no mortality during the experiments in these groups. Overall, the findings suggest that juvenile and adult S. droebachiensis are unable to utilize hypersaturation of oxygen to increase somatic or gonad growth, but can be reared at hyperoxygenated water for prolonged periods of time without harmful effects. 相似文献
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Yoshifumi Sawada Manabu Hattori Naoko Sudo Keitaro Kato Yasuaki Takagi Kazuhiro Ura Michio Kurata Tokihiko Okada & Hidemi Kumai 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(8):805-812
A previous study elucidated that an extreme hypoxia during somitogenesis induced the most frequent skeletal malformation centrum defects in red sea bream (RSB), Pagrus major. In this study, details of the hypoxic conditions to induce them in RSB, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and exposure time to hypoxia, were investigated. Fertilized eggs were exposed to seawater of six DO concentrations (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of saturation) for seven different periods (5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min) during somitogenesis. Somitic disturbances in newly hatched larvae were induced by exposure to 0% and 10% DO concentration for 10 and 120 min and longer respectively. Rearing eggs exposed to hypoxic condition of 10% DO for 240 min for 40 days post‐hatch showed that the location and the frequency of somitic disturbances in larvae and centrum defects in juveniles were significantly correlated (P<0.01). Dissolved oxygen concentration of the interstitial water in the egg high density layer formed at the water surface in a stationary state abruptly decreased to 3.7% within 7 min. Centrum defect induction by exposure of eggs to extreme low DO concentrations for a short period, which is the probable situation in the practical juvenile production, suggests that careful maintenance of DO concentration is important in the incubating water of fertilized eggs during egg sorting and transportation, where eggs are made into a pile and undergo hypoxia, for the prevention of centrum defects. 相似文献
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饵料对中间球海胆品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
饵料种类对中间球海胆的品质有显著影响。长期摄食鲜海带或裙带菜的海胆生殖腺呈橘红色和橘黄色,摄食孔石莼为浅橘红色和橘黄色,摄食人工配合饲料为土黄色和乳白色。长期摄食鲜海藻类的海胆生殖腺味道甜美,口感上佳;而摄食人工配合饲料的则有苦涩味。饵料种类及其交替方式决定了海胆生殖腺色泽和口感的转变速度,其中鲜海藻类间转换速度基本一致,均需60d可完成;而人工配合饲料则需80d方能完成。中间球海胆消化道的颜色更易受饵料种类的影响,其转换速度与饵料种类和交替方式无关,20d即有明显表现,40d可完成。 相似文献