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1.
四种海胆杂交的可行性及子代的早期发育 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
报道了中国北部沿海马粪海胆、海刺猬、光棘球海胆三种主要海胆与引自日本的中间球海胆四种海胆之间的不同组合的杂交试验及其子代浮游幼体及幼海胆的早期生长发育.结果表明,采用生殖调控可使不同海胆达到同步繁殖,在8～24℃下各种海胆杂交组合的受精率与亲本亲缘关系有关,同时受到双亲繁殖适宜温度的影响,受精率介于0～69.6%之间,均低于自交组.以马粪海胆和海刺猬为亲本的正反交、以马粪海胆和中间球海胆为亲本的正反交以及马粪海胆()×光棘球海胆()各组杂交胚胎均可发育至四腕幼虫,但畸形率较高,浮游时间比自交组延长3～10d,在其中的3个杂交组得到了幼海胆,经过14个月的室内培育,杂交组成活率低于自交组,壳直径达2.59～2.88cin. 相似文献
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球海胆属（Sh。楷叫优。ntrotu抓9海胆世界上共有十几种,光棘球海胆（S.n。;d u s）和中间球海胆（S.fll。。。。巾l。）是我国北方主要的经济品种,其营养价值和经济价值高,国际市场需求量大,开展海胆人工育苗和增养殖是海胆产业可持续发展的重要举措。而掌握其胚胎和幼虫生长发育的区别,不仪对苗种生产有帮助,而且对海胆资源的保护利用十分有利。 1卵及胚胎 光棘球海胆的卵径为106 pITI左右,黄色;中间球海胆90 pill左右,橙色,其卵径比光棘球诲胆小一点。受精膜举起后,光棘球海胆的卵径为 相似文献
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几种重金属离子对半滑舌鳎胚胎发育和仔稚鱼的毒性效应 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用半滑舌鳎胚胎为试验材料,研究了Cu、Hg、Zn、Cd、Pb5种重金属对胚胎发育的毒性效应。胚胎在0.01、0.08和0.1mg/LCu2 溶液中孵化率较低,与对照组差异显著(P≤0.05);除0.125、0.25和0.5mg/LCd2 会促进胚胎发育速率外,其余4种重金属都会在不同程度上减慢胚胎孵化速率。重金属离子在胚胎发育过程中引起了各种各样的畸形现象,如眼睛残缺、胚胎异常死亡、胚体解体模糊、胚胎尾部弯曲;初孵仔鱼不能破膜而出,初孵仔鱼脊椎弯曲成“S”形、“V”形、“L”形等。综合孵化率、仔鱼畸形率和胚胎畸形程度等指标可以得出5种重金属对胚胎的毒性大小依次为:Cu>Hg>Cd>Zn>Pb。还研究了Hg、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn等5种重金属对半滑舌鳎初孵仔鱼、10d仔鱼和20d稚鱼急性(96h)毒性影响,并计算了几种重金属对半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼的半数致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度。 相似文献
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《南方水产》2002,(6)
02nl04种溶解金属在拟棘球海胆胚胎中02flH污泥中的锡、锌通过海洋食物链向的生物富集和毒性二Bioacc~lation and toxi一江蝶中富集二Av‘lability of cadinium and:inecity of four diosolvedme以5 inPa~川功名us fiDm SeW砚笋slu妙to the flounder,尸范￡交入名hysliv记哪sea一毗hinemb砂o【刊,英」/Radenac加。,via alll而ne丈‘以】ch山【刊,英」/Bu卜G,FichetD,MiramedP// Mar.Environ.Res.905 MG,而川刀w RS// Mar.Envi二.Res.一一2的l,51(2)一151一1662的l,51(5)一417一439 试验根据暴露48h后的拟棘球海胆为了阐明金属在食… 相似文献
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《水产科学》2021,(3)
为研究光棘球海胆的体液免疫机理,首先测定在不同反应基质中等量光棘球海胆吞噬细胞对不同处理的酵母细胞的吞噬率,其次比较分析从受调理酵母细胞和非调理酵母细胞以及光棘球海胆无细胞体腔液分离出成分的样品的电泳结果,随后将光棘球海胆无细胞体腔液进行提取分离后得到调理素样分子,最后于等渗缓冲溶液中测定等量光棘球海胆吞噬细胞在不同浓度调理素样分子和不同时间点作用下的吞噬率的变化。试验结果显示,光棘球海胆吞噬细胞分别在等渗缓冲液、经酵母细胞吸附过无细胞体腔液、光棘球海胆无细胞体腔液对非调理的酵母细胞和在等渗缓冲液中对受调理的酵母细胞的吞噬率之比为1.00∶1.17∶2.00∶1.71。在3个样品里,仅有受调理酵母细胞分离出来的成分的电泳结果显示为1个明显条带。等渗缓冲溶液里,分别加入0.5、1.0、1.5 mL经纯化的调理素样分子后,4个时间点吞噬率均高于对照组,当调理素样分子浓度升高,吞噬率亦增加。试验结果表明,在光棘球海胆体腔液里含有某种调理素样分子,分子质量约156 ku,能促进光棘球海胆体腔液中吞噬细胞的吞噬作用。 相似文献
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鱼类早期生活阶段对外界环境极为敏感,即使低浓度的污染物暴露也可能对其胚胎发育、仔鱼生长存活造成损害,导致种群数量和质量的降低。研究污染物对鱼类早期生活阶段的毒理效应和机制是揭示污染物对生物种群和水生生态系统潜在风险的有效途径。重金属对鱼类的影响在精、卵发生时即可显现。例如,抑制卵(精)母细胞成熟和精子活力降低,使受精率降低;影响受精卵吸水膨胀过程,改变胚胎发育速率、引起胚胎畸形、影响胚胎心率、改变孵化时间、降低孵化率;影响初孵仔鱼体长、造成仔鱼畸形、影响卵黄囊吸收和胚后仔鱼发育生长、摄食行为等。重金属对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性效应主要取决于金属种类、暴露浓度和受试鱼种及其发育阶段。此外,外界环境条件等因素也会对重金属的毒性产生显著影响。本研究综合分析国内外关于重金属污染物对鱼类精卵、胚胎、仔鱼等早期发育过程生态毒理效应的研究进展,并结合相关报道阐述了其毒性机制。 相似文献
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本试验在水温17±1℃的条件下,采用半静态式生物毒性试验方法,探讨了氟离子(F-)对西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,100~600 mg/L氟暴露会导致胚胎孵化延迟,氟暴露组半数孵化时间(MHT)比对照组推迟9~22 h。氟暴露同时导致胚胎死亡率显著增加(P<0.05),出膜仔鱼活力减弱、存活时间缩短、畸形率显著升高(P<0.05),出现卵黄囊畸形、脊椎畸形、眼部充血等畸形症状。试验得出F-致西伯利亚鲟胚胎144 h半致死浓度(LC50)为447.61 mg/L,孵化安全浓度(SC)为4.48 mg/L,导致仔鱼畸形的半数效应浓度(EC50)为536 mg/L。氟对西伯利亚鲟胚胎的安全质量浓度低于我国部分高氟地区地下水、地表水及人为氟污染水域中氟含量,提示天然水体中氟可能会对鱼类胚胎产生负面影响,应引起重视。 相似文献
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采用马粪海胆胚胎为试验材料,研究了0^#柴油、船用柴油和船用重质燃料油分散液（WAF）对卵细胞、精子及胚胎发育的毒性效应,并通过色谱-质谱对3种油品分散液进行了组分分析。结果显示,石油烃使精卵受精能力下降,使整个受精过程完成的时间延后。马粪海胆精子对石油烃污染比卵细胞更为敏感,可以作为海洋石油污染的指示生物。3种油品分散液使得胚胎发育至2细胞期、4细胞期、8细胞期、16细胞期和囊胚期的时间延后,这种延后的现象随着发育进程和油品分散液浓度升高而愈发明显。可以推断3种油品分散液对于海胆胚胎生长发育过程的毒性顺序为：0号柴油〉船用柴油〉船用重质燃料油。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究维生素C(V_C)对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)早期发育中孵化率、出膜率和成活率的影响,对其消化酶和脂蛋白脂酶(Lipoprotein lipase,LPL)及肝脂酶(Hepatic Lipase,HL)的影响。实验用圆斑星鲽为人工受精卵,分为5组,孵化水体V_C浓度分别为0、20、25、30和35 mg/L,分别在成熟卵、受精卵、原肠中期、晶体出现期、内源营养期(2日龄)、混合营养期(6日龄)及外源营养期(9日龄)取样。记录圆斑星鲽的出膜时间、出膜率和成活率,测定对照组和生长指标优越组的消化酶活性和2种酯酶的活性。结果显示,25 mg/L的V_C能显著提高圆斑星鲽的出膜率和成活率,并缩短出膜时间(P0.05)。V_C能促进圆斑星鲽早期发育过程中蛋白质的沉积。外源营养期后,胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P0.05),淀粉酶活性在混合营养期显著提高(P0.05),脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性在内源营养期就显著提高(P0.05)。25 mg/L V_C溶液浸泡使圆斑星鲽胚胎发育过程中的LPL和HL比活力显著升高(P0.05)。合子中的LPL和HL基因可能在原肠期开始表达,合成脂质水解酶分解脂质,为胚胎发育供能。研究表明,圆斑星鲽成熟卵受精后脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶酶优先发挥作用,分解卵黄中的碳水化合物为胚胎发育迅速提供能量。25 mg/L的V_C能显著提高消化酶活性,并促进蛋白质的沉积,有利于孵化成活的V_C浓度可以显著促进圆斑星鲽早期发育的脂质代谢。 相似文献
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Evangelia Gouva Cosmas Nathanailides Ioannis Skoufos Ioannis Paschos Fotini Athanassopoulou Ioannis S. Pappas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3255-3267
This study aimed to investigate the effects of heavy metals, such as copper, zinc, iron, cobalt, chromium, aluminium, manganese and molybdenum, on zebrafish egg hatching rate and the subsequent survival rate of the larvae. Each metal was used in the various concentrations of0.05 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 500 mg/L to detect the threshold limit of tolerance. The study's results showed significant differences in the hatching and survival rate of larvae between the control group and most of the experimental groups when adding heavy metals in various concentrations. The highest concentration (500 mg/L) of the induced heavy metals tested in this study resulted in total egg or larval mortality within 96 hr and significantly lower egg or larval life expectancy. Among the tested metals, zinc and molybdenum had the most significant impact on hatching time, in contrast to iron that did not differentiate the results from the control group. Copper, cobalt, chromium, aluminium and manganese did affect zebrafish eggs depending on their exposure concentrations, which differentiated the results from the control group. Also, the study's findings demonstrate a significant dependence of the hatched egg heart rate on the metal concentration, and in particular, higher concentrations of metals correspond to higher heart rate. Zinc, Molybdenum and copper was proved to be the most toxic heavy metals causing increased hazard rate to mortality up to 96 hr and shorter life expectancy. Finally, skeletal deformities that occasionally observed did not significantly affect the total life expectancy of the hatched eggs. 相似文献
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D.A. Pavlov 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(9):891-902
Abstract. A stock of mature common wolffish, Anarhichas lupus L., were kept in tanks at the surface temperature in the sea and at a lowered temperature. At temperatures of 5–8C in August and September all females matured. The fertilization rate of the eggs was studied in relation to various aspects of the fertilization procedure including sperm concentration, the duration of the contact of eggs with the sperm and the time of exposure of the gametes outside of the body of spawners. The maximum fertilization rate was attained at sperm concentrations not less than 1.0 times 106 per ml and when eggs were exposed to sperm for 1–2h. Fertilization of eggs in a narrow cylindrical vessel improved the efficiency of fertilization, with rates of up to 80–95%. Features of the fertilization of eggs of the wolffish are discussed in relation to the reproductive biology of the species. 相似文献
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Barbara Jezierska Katarzyna Ługowska Małgorzata Witeska 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):625-640
Early developmental stages of fish are particularly sensitive to water pollution. Heavy metals may affect various developmental
processes during the embryonic period, which results in a reduction of offspring quantity and quality. Waterborne metals may
accumulate in the gonads of spawners and adversely affect gamete production and viability, or exert direct toxic influence
upon developing embryos. The egg shell does not fully protect the embryo against metal penetration, particularly during the
swelling phase; thus, metals may accumulate in the egg. The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental
disturbances to death of the embryo. Metals disturb various processes of fish embryonic development and affect the development
rate. Early stages just after fertilization are particularly sensitive to metal intoxication, when most disturbances and the
highest embryonic mortality occur. Waterborne metals also promote developmental anomalies during organogenesis, including
body malformations. Heavy metals often induce a delay in the hatching process, premature hatching, deformations and death
of newly hatched larvae. All these disturbances result in reduced numbers and poor quality of the larvae, which show small
body size, high frequency of malformations and reduced viability. 相似文献
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实验室中海胆的人工授精及幼体培育 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
海胆作为实验材料需在实验室条件下进行人工授精和培育。本文介绍了实验室中海胆人工授精的方法,从受精卵到稚海胆各发育阶段的培育条件的培育方法。 相似文献
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在水温10.1℃,将初始体质量为(0.55±0.16)g的马粪海胆幼胆,随机放入0.3 m×0.4 m×0.5 m的白色塑料桶中,每桶100个,过量投喂新鲜孔石莼、粘膜藻、肠浒苔、裙带菜和珠状硬毛藻,计算各种藻类的摄食量(以干质量计),研究马粪海胆对藻类的摄食选择性。再将初始体质量为(0.67±0.32)g的马粪海胆置于水温为10.1、15.6、20.3℃的容器中,投喂相同的5种藻类2 d后,挑选10个规格相似个体放入1 L锥形瓶中,适应0.5 h后密封测定耗氧率和排氨率,研究不同温度和藻类饵料下马粪海胆的耗氧率和排氨率。试验结果表明,马粪海胆的摄食选择率依次为裙带菜>粘膜藻>孔石莼>肠浒苔>珠状硬毛藻,马粪海胆明显偏好裙带菜;马粪海胆摄食量受温度及藻类种类影响显著(P<0.05),在15.6℃时,日相对摄食率最大,摄食裙带菜的组别显著大于其他组别(P<0.05),摄食珠状硬毛藻的组日相对摄食率最低;各组别马粪海胆耗氧率均随着水温的升高而增大,相同温度条件下,孔石莼组耗氧率最大;各组排氨率随着水温的升高呈现先增大后减小,15.6℃时最大。研究结果将为开展马粪海胆生态增养殖、构建刺参池塘绿色综合养殖模式提供参考。 相似文献
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为建立美洲黑石斑（Centropristis Striata）人工繁殖技术,研究美洲黑石斑的亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、胚胎发育与苗种培育生产试验。结果表明：亲鱼培育成活率82.6%,产卵7批次,产卵1500×104粒,受精卵呈球形,卵径0.90～1.20mm,平均0.98mm;有一个直径0.13～0.19mm的油球,受精率76.50%,孵出仔鱼860×104尾,孵化率74.94%,此外,美洲黑石斑胚胎发育可划分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成6个阶段,共21个时期。水温18～26℃,盐度28～31,pH7.8～8.2的海水中受精卵经26～40h即可孵化出膜。仔鱼经室内水泥池2个月的强化培育,体长可达4.5cm以上,出苗率9.31%。 相似文献
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Wolffish, Anarhichas lupus L. has internal fertilization. The eggs are released into water before the beginning of cleavage and stick together in clutches. To develop methods for separating eggs for subsequent incubation, changes during egg swelling and egg shell hardening were observed. Uninseminated eggs did not swell in ovarian fluid, but a perivitelline space formed in sea water because of a partial cortical reaction. In inseminated eggs kept in ovarian fluid, a cortical reaction took place and swelling was caused by elevation of the yolk membrane. Shrinkage of the yolk and absorption of water were observed after inseminated eggs were placed in sea water. Eggs swelled in ovarian fluid diluted by less than 30% sea water showed abnormal cleavage during subsequent development. An effective method for preventing egg stickiness after fertilization was to distribute them in trays with stagnant sea water for at least 5-6 h. Milk was effective for loss of egg adhesiveness at 50% concentration, but some eggs cleaved abnormally and subsequent mortality was high. The influences of ovarian fluid and milk on initial egg development with respect to peculiarities of egg swelling are discussed. 相似文献