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1.
以初始平均体重为7.1 g的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为试验对象,以粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维为试验因素,各设3个水平,采用正交试验设计L9(34),配制成9种饲料,在室内水族箱进行为期4周的饲养试验,以探讨三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量.结果表明,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪和粗纤维的适宜含量分别为40%、6%～8%和≤5%时,三疣梭子蟹幼蟹增重率和蜕壳率高,饲料系数低和蛋白质效率较高.  相似文献   

2.
本研究配制蛋白水平分别为32.16%、36.13%、39.59%和41.24%的等脂等能配合饲料(分别记为饲料1~4),对初始体重为(10.98±0.28) g的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)雌体进行池塘养殖120 d,以探究饲料蛋白水平对三疣梭子蟹雌体生长、卵巢发育和生化组成的影响。结果显示,饲料蛋白水平对池塘养殖条件下雌体的生长无显著影响。饲料3组雌体的卵巢指数和总可食率均最高(P<0.05)。饲料4组卵巢中粗蛋白含量最高(P<0.05),3组和4组的肝胰腺粗蛋白含量显著高于1组和2组(P<0.05),而肌肉中的粗蛋白含量则在1组和3组中较高(P<0.05)。卵巢中的总脂含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加呈上升趋势(P<0.05),肝胰腺和肌肉中总脂含量均在饲料1组中最高,而饲料2组中最低(P<0.05)。饲料1组和3组肌肉中的总必需氨基酸(∑EAA)和总非必需氨基酸(∑NEAA)均显著高于另外两组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,三疣梭子蟹雌体育肥饲料中适宜的蛋白水平约为40.16%。研究表明,适宜的饲料蛋白水平可以提高三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育和肌肉的营养品质。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学结构和卵黄蛋白原基因表达的影响,本研究采用2×2双因子随机区组设计(日粮类型:0%和4%大豆卵磷脂;三疣梭子蟹交配处理:已交配和未交配),共4个处理组,以大豆卵磷脂0%和4%两种人工配合饲料分别投喂交配和未交配两组三疣梭子蟹雌蟹,进行了为期12周的饲养实验。结果显示,无论三疣梭子蟹是否交配,饲料中添加4%大豆卵磷脂可显著增加三疣梭子蟹的卵巢指数,提高血清中卵黄蛋白原、孕酮和雌二醇的浓度,增大卵母细胞直径;同时上调肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原m RNA相对表达量,但无显著性差异,肝胰腺指数呈现出和卵巢指数相反的趋势;交配后的三疣梭子蟹卵巢指数、肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原m RNA表达量显著高于未交配组。组织学观察显示,交配使得三疣梭子蟹卵母细胞沉积更丰富的卵黄颗粒,促进卵母细胞成熟,交配处理对肝胰腺指数和血清中卵黄蛋白原及孕酮的水平无显著性影响。此外,饲料磷脂水平和交配处理的交互作用显著影响了三疣梭子蟹血清中类固醇激素孕酮和雌二醇的浓度。本实验结果显示,饲料中大豆磷脂和交配处理均能促进雌性三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育,交配处理对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用更为明显。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学结构和卵黄蛋白原基因表达的影响,本研究采用2×2双因子随机区组设计(日粮类型:0%和4%大豆卵磷脂;三疣梭子蟹交配处理:已交配和未交配),共4个处理组,以大豆卵磷脂0%和4%两种人工配合饲料分别投喂交配和未交配两组三疣梭子蟹雌蟹,进行了为期12周的饲养实验。结果显示,无论三疣梭子蟹是否交配,饲料中添加4%大豆卵磷脂可显著增加三疣梭子蟹的卵巢指数,提高血清中卵黄蛋白原、孕酮和雌二醇的浓度,增大卵母细胞直径;同时上调肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA相对表达量,但无显著性差异,肝胰腺指数呈现出和卵巢指数相反的趋势;交配后的三疣梭子蟹卵巢指数、肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA表达量显著高于未交配组。组织学观察显示,交配使得三疣梭子蟹卵母细胞沉积更丰富的卵黄颗粒,促进卵母细胞成熟,交配处理对肝胰腺指数和血清中卵黄蛋白原及孕酮的水平无显著性影响。此外,饲料磷脂水平和交配处理的交互作用显著影响了三疣梭子蟹血清中类固醇激素孕酮和雌二醇的浓度。本实验结果表明,饲料中大豆磷脂和交配处理均能促进雌性三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育,交配处理对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用更为明显。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学结构和卵黄蛋白原基因表达的影响,本研究采用2×2双因子随机区组设计(日粮类型:0%和4%大豆卵磷脂;三疣梭子蟹交配处理:已交配和未交配),共4个处理组,以大豆卵磷脂0%和4%两种人工配合饲料分别投喂交配和未交配两组三疣梭子蟹雌蟹,进行了为期12周的饲养实验。结果显示,无论三疣梭子蟹是否交配,饲料中添加4%大豆卵磷脂可显著增加三疣梭子蟹的卵巢指数,提高血清中卵黄蛋白原、孕酮和雌二醇的浓度,增大卵母细胞直径;同时上调肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA相对表达量,但无显著性差异,肝胰腺指数呈现出和卵巢指数相反的趋势;交配后的三疣梭子蟹卵巢指数、肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA表达量显著高于未交配组。组织学观察显示,交配使得三疣梭子蟹卵母细胞沉积更丰富的卵黄颗粒,促进卵母细胞成熟,交配处理对肝胰腺指数和血清中卵黄蛋白原及孕酮的水平无显著性影响。此外,饲料磷脂水平和交配处理的交互作用显著影响了三疣梭子蟹血清中类固醇激素孕酮和雌二醇的浓度。本实验结果表明,饲料中大豆磷脂和交配处理均能促进雌性三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育,交配处理对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用更为明显。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨饲料磷脂对已交配和未交配雌性三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育、组织学结构和卵黄蛋白原基因表达的影响,本研究采用2×2双因子随机区组设计(日粮类型:0%和4%大豆卵磷脂;三疣梭子蟹交配处理:已交配和未交配),共4个处理组,以大豆卵磷脂0%和4%两种人工配合饲料分别投喂交配和未交配两组三疣梭子蟹雌蟹,进行了为期12周的饲养实验。结果显示,无论三疣梭子蟹是否交配,饲料中添加4%大豆卵磷脂可显著增加三疣梭子蟹的卵巢指数,提高血清中卵黄蛋白原、孕酮和雌二醇的浓度,增大卵母细胞直径;同时上调肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA相对表达量,但无显著性差异,肝胰腺指数呈现出和卵巢指数相反的趋势;交配后的三疣梭子蟹卵巢指数、肝胰腺卵黄蛋白原mRNA表达量显著高于未交配组。组织学观察显示,交配使得三疣梭子蟹卵母细胞沉积更丰富的卵黄颗粒,促进卵母细胞成熟,交配处理对肝胰腺指数和血清中卵黄蛋白原及孕酮的水平无显著性影响。此外,饲料磷脂水平和交配处理的交互作用显著影响了三疣梭子蟹血清中类固醇激素孕酮和雌二醇的浓度。本实验结果表明,饲料中大豆磷脂和交配处理均能促进雌性三疣梭子蟹的卵巢发育,交配处理对卵母细胞成熟的促进作用更为明显。  相似文献   

7.
以初始体重为15.50±0.04 mg的方格星虫稚虫为实验对象,分别饲喂脂肪水平为0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％、12.16％、15.14％和18.36％的7种等氮、等能饲料56 d,研究饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫生长、体组成及消化酶活性的影响.实验结果表明,(1)饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫的生长性能有显著影响(P＜0.05).随着饲料中脂肪水平的提高,方格星虫稚虫的增重率和特定生长率都呈先增后降的趋势,当饲料中脂肪水平为9.31％时,方格星虫稚虫增重率和特定生长率达到最大值.二次曲线回归分析确定当增重率达到极值时,饲料脂肪水平为8.70％;(2)饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫体组成中脂肪和蛋白质的含量影响显著(P＜0.05),方格星虫稚虫体脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的上升有显著升高的趋势,18.36％组星虫体脂肪含量最高,显著高于0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％和12.16％组(P＜0.05).体蛋白含量随着饲料脂肪水平的上升有降低的趋势,18.36％组星虫的体蛋白含量最低,显著低于0.36％、3.32％、6.49％、9.31％和12.16％组(P＜0.05).饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫体组成中水分和粗灰分含量没有显著影响(P＞0.05);(3)随着饲料脂肪水平的增加,方格星虫稚虫蛋白酶活性和脂肪酶活性均呈先增后降的趋势,两种酶活性的最大值均出现在脂肪水平为9.31％时,但是饲料脂肪水平对方格星虫稚虫的淀粉酶活性没有显著的影响(P＞0.05).以增重率为评价指标时,方格星虫稚虫对饲料中脂肪的适宜需求量为8.70％.  相似文献   

8.
选取体质健康、均重为(180±28)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar) 420尾,随机分成4组(对照组和3个不同菌剂水平的实验组),每组3个重复,每个重复35尾.对照组投喂基础饲料,实验组分别投喂添加1％、3％和5％芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合益生菌制剂(BSCP)的基础饲料42 d.结果发现,大西洋鲑投喂1％-5％的BSCP后生长性能得到明显改善,增重率显著升高(P＜0.05),饵料系数和死亡率显著降低(P＜0.05);饲料蛋白质的表观消化率呈升高的趋势,5％组蛋白质消化率具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),但其脂肪表观消化率显著降低(P＜0.05);实验组肠道和肝脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性有不同程度的升高,但其中5％组肝脏脂肪酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05);实验组肝脏免疫指标表现出不同程度的改善,但其血清免疫指标无明显变化,仅中高剂量组SOD活性显著降低(P＜0.05).结果表明,BSCP可以显著提高大西洋鲑的生长性能,提高部分消化酶活性和蛋白质的消化率,并在一定程度上促进大西洋鲑的非特异性免疫能力,其饲料中适宜添加水平为3％.  相似文献   

9.
采用3×3因子试验设计,配制9种试验饲料,研究饲料不同蛋白质水平(31%、37%和43%)和脂肪水平(3.5%、5.5%、7.5%)对平均体重为5.49 g赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)鱼种生长和鱼体组成的影响。实验选取赤眼鳟鱼种810尾,随机分成9组,每组2个重复,饲养期6周。结果显示:饲料蛋白质和脂肪的交互作用对赤眼鳟的特定生长率有显著影响(P<0.05),饲料蛋白质水平对饲料系数影响显著(P<0.05),当饲料蛋白质水平为37%、脂肪水平为3.5%时赤眼鳟特定生长率最大,饲料系数最低。随着特定生长率的升高,赤眼鳟的肥满度和肌肉蛋白质的含量升高;赤眼鳟肌肉和肝脏脂肪含量均随着饲料中可消化能的增加而增加。  相似文献   

10.
探讨了不同配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)生长性能、体组成及血清生理生化指标的影响。试验共分三个处理组:以红鱼粉为主要蛋白源的红鱼粉组,以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源的白鱼粉组以及冰鲜鱼组。每组20只幼蟹(初始平均体重:16.38±5.33g),单体饲养于塑料养殖筐中56d。结果表明:红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹成活率比较高,增重率、特定生长率均显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),而饵料系数显著低于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组之间各生长指标无显著差异(P0.05);各组幼蟹体成分中的水分,粗蛋白,粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P0.05),但红鱼粉组与白鱼粉组幼蟹粗脂肪含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05),且红鱼粉组显著高于白鱼粉组(P0.05);投喂配合饲料和冰鲜鱼对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性及葡萄糖、甘油三酯含量无显著影响,但配合饲料组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于冰鲜鱼组,红鱼粉组的总蛋白含量显著高于冰鲜鱼组(P0.05)。综合实验结果,投喂配合饲料显著提高了三疣梭子蟹的生长性能、体粗脂肪含量与血清碱性磷酸酶活性,投喂配合饲料效果显著好于冰鲜鱼,而三疣梭子蟹对红鱼粉与白鱼粉的利用没有显著差异。  相似文献   

11.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the replacement of dietary fish meal and fish oil with oilseed meals (soybean or canola) and canola oil on growth, nutrient utilization, body composition, diet digestibility and hematological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Seven diets were used; the control diet (designated FM) contained fish meal and fish oil as the main protein and lipid sources. For the experimental diets, 40% of fish meal protein was substituted with soybean meal, canola meal or a soybean/canola meal mixture, and these diets (designated SM, CM and SCM, respectively) contained fish oil as the lipid source. Three additional diets (SM?+?CO, CM?+?CO and SCM?+?CO) were formulated with the same vegetable protein meals but with fish oil replaced by canola oil. Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 11?weeks. The growth of fish fed the CM?+?CO diet was significantly lower than that of fish fed the FM, SCM, SM?+?CO and SCM?+?CO diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly better in fish fed the FM and SCM?+?CO diets than in fish fed the CM and CM?+?CO diets. Furthermore, feed intake was significantly lower for fish fed the CM?+?CO diet than in fish fed the SCM diet, and lipid digestibility of the CM?+?CO diet was significantly lower than that of all other diets. No significant differences of body composition were observed. Circulating leukocyte levels, leukocyte ratios and serum lysozyme activity remained unaffected by dietary treatment. However, it was observed that fish fed the CM?+?CO diet displayed hematocrit levels significantly lower (P?<?0.05) than that of fish fed the other diets. The results indicate that when diets contain either fish oil or canola oil, canola meal and soybean meal can be incorporated into rainbow trout feeds at a combined 32% inclusion level (replacing 40% of fish meal protein) without inducing significant negative effects on growth, nutrient utilization or health.  相似文献   

12.
Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; approximately 800 g start weight) were fed diets with a high replacement of fish meal (FM) with plant proteins (70% replacement), and either fish oil (FO) or 80% of the FO replaced by olive oil (OO), rapeseed oil (RO) or soybean oil (SO) during 28 weeks in triplicate. Varying the lipid source only gave non‐significant effects on growth and final weight. However, a significantly reduced feed intake was observed in the SO fed fish, and both feed utilization and lipid digestibility were significantly reduced in the FO fed fish. Limited levels of dietary 18:3n‐3, precursor to EPA and DHA, resulted in no net production of EPA and DHA despite increased mRNA expression of delta‐5‐desaturase and delta‐6‐desaturase in all vegetable oil fed fish. Net production of marine protein, but not of marine omega‐3 fatty acids, is thus possible in Atlantic salmon fed 80% dietary vegetable oil and 70% plant proteins resulting in an estimated net production of 1.3 kg Atlantic salmon protein from 1 kg of FM protein. Production of one 1 kg of Atlantic salmon on this diet required only 800 g of wild fish resources (Fish in ‐ Fish out < 1).  相似文献   

13.
The responses of phase III sunshine bass Morone chrysops ♀× M. saxatilis ♂ to diets containing reduced levels of menhaden fish meal (30–10%, dry weight) and crude protein (40–36%, dry weight) were evaluated in two separate experiments. Reductions in fish meal were compensated by increase in dietary soybean meal, a meat and blood meal product, and additional amounts of a 1:1 catfish oil:menhaden oil mixture sprayed on as a top dressing. Fish were cultured in earthen ponds and fed commercially manufactured, extruded diets to apparent satiation. In Experiment 1, dietary crude protein was reduced from 40 to 36% and the menhaden fish meal ingredient was reduced from 30 to 15% (dry weight). The mean weight of fish stocked into each pond ranged from 144 to 188 g, the stocking density was 8641/ha, and the duration of the growout was 172 d. In Experiment 2, both dietary treatments contained 40% crude protein (dry weight) and either 30% or 10% menhaden fish meal. The mean weight of fish stocked into each pond ranged from 42 and 77 g, the stocking density was 8,500/ha, and the duration of the growout was 175 d. Simultaneous reductions in dietary menhaden fish meal and crude protein resulted in significant decreases in all production indices except survival and percent weight increase. Weights of filet, carcass, liver and intraperitoneal fat, expressed as a percent of total body weight, were not significantly different. A 66% reduction in dietary menhaden fish meal while the crude protein level was maintained at 40% did not significantly affect growth, production, and weights of filet, carcass, liver and intraperitoneal fat, expressed as a percent of total body weight, and represents a 6% decrease in the cost of feed. In both experiments, levels of protein, lipid, moisture, and ash of the whole body and the filet were not significantly different. Fatty acid composition of the filet and livers from fish fed the control and experimental diets in Experiment 2 were highly comparable. The comparable level of performance of fish fed diets believed to be deficient in HUFA suggests that the dietary levels reported to be required may not be totally applicable to diets formulated for pond culture.  相似文献   

14.
A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the proper dietary protein source for optimal growth performance of juvenile snails, Semisulcospira coreana. Sixteen isonitrogenous (31% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.2 kcal/g DM) experimental diets (designated as FM, F-FM, SBM, F-SBM, WF, F-WF, SSM, F-SSM, SCR, F-SCR, UP, F-UP, FWP, F-FWP, MIX and F-MIX) were formulated to contain 41% fish meal, 42% fermented fish meal, 59% soybean meal, 55% fermented soybean meal, 55% wheat flour with 26% fish meal, 55% fermented wheat flour with 29% fish meal, 50% sesame seed meal with 10% fish meal, 50% fermented sesame seed meal with 11% fish meal, 55% soya-curd residue or fermented soya curd residue with 25% fish meal, 50% Undaria powder or fermented Undaria powder with 24% fish meal, 50% freshwater plant with 29% fish meal, 50% fermented freshwater plant with 28% fish meal, a mixture of 8% soybean meal, 10% wheat flour, 8% sesame seed meal, 8% soya-curd residue, 8% Undaria powder and 8% freshwater plant with 17% fish meal, and 50% the fermented mixture with 16% fish meal, respectively, as dietary protein sources. Juvenile snails (average weight, 32 ± 0.7 mg) were randomly distributed in forty-eight 25-L aquaria (16 L water each) in a flow-through system at a density of 130 snails per aquarium. Three replicate groups of snails were fed one of the experimental diets ad libitum once per day for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival of snails was above 98% and not significantly different among the dietary treatments. The best final body weight was observed in snails fed the SBM and WF diets. There were no significant differences in final body weight of snails fed the F-SBM, WF, F-WF and MIX diets, but the value was higher than that of snails fed the FM, F-FM, FWP and F-FWP diets. The lowest value was observed in snails fed the SSM, F-SSM, SCR and F-SCR diets. Whole body protein and lipid contents of snails varied with dietary protein sources. Amino acid composition of whole body was altered by dietary protein sources. The results of the present study indicate that dietary protein sources significantly influence proximate and amino acid composition, and growth performance of snails. Fermentation with ferminpan instant brown yeast does not improve nutritional quality of the protein sources, and soybean meal and wheat flour in combination with fish meal could be potential protein sources in feeds for juvenile snails.  相似文献   

15.
Atlantic cod were fed six diets where the ratio of protein from fish meal to vegetable protein were varied from 91%, 67% to 46%, respectively. The experimental groups were performed in triplicate in a 20 week growth trial, increasing fish weight from about 167 g to 690 g. The vegetable protein sources constituted full-fat soybean meal and corn gluten meal at a fixed ratio of 1:2, and replaced either a high quality fish meal (DCMink 92.3%) or a lower quality fish meal (DCMink 85.6%) in the diet. All diets were extruded and balanced to be equal in gross energy, crude protein, lipid, carbohydrate, lysine and phosphorus. No difference in growth (SGR 1%) was observed comparing the two fish meal qualities. However, feed intake was significantly higher (9%) and feed efficiency lower (10%) for lower quality fish meal compared to high quality fish meal. Protein and amino acid digestibility was significantly reduced in the lower quality fish meal, while unaffected by vegetable protein inclusion for both fish meal qualities. Protein utilization as measured by protein efficiency ratio and net protein value was not affected by fish meal inclusion, except in the diet using lower quality fish meal and high vegetable protein inclusion. Lipid and energy digestibility was significantly reduced by vegetable protein inclusion for both fish meals. The lower fish meal quality increased lipid deposition in the liver and affected slaughter quality of cod by increasing HSI and dressing out percentage at low and intermediate substitution levels. Muscle composition showed small dietary changes except for arginine, while liver fatty acid composition clearly reflected fatty acid profile of full-fat soya in the diets. Corn gluten meal and full-fat soybean meal (2:1) can replace approximately 50% of dietary protein without affecting feed intake, growth, protein digestibility or slaughter quality of cod when exchanging high quality fish meal. For the lower quality fish meal diets some lower inclusion of vegetable protein sources seem to be acceptable.  相似文献   

16.
High dietary content of vegetable oil (VO) has been associated with increased intestinal lipid accumulations in fish. The extent of this in aquacultured Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and its health effects are not certain. Samples were therefore collected from two separate feeding trials to investigate the effect of high dietary VO on intestinal lipid accumulations in Atlantic salmon. In the first trial, the fish were fed diets high in plant protein and with fish oil or ~80% of the fish oil replaced with either olive oil, rapeseed oil or soybean oil in a land‐based experimental set‐up. The second trial was performed in sea cages under commercial production conditions, and the fish were fed two dietary concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (9.7% or 5.5% EPA + DHA of total fatty acids). Neither dietary VO nor variations in EPA and DHA led to any significant effects on intestinal health or lipid accumulations. There were, however, indications of a delayed lipid transport in the rapeseed oil‐fed fish of the first trial, possibly caused by high dietary ≥18‐carbon fatty acids and low dietary 16:0 fatty acid and cholesterol.  相似文献   

17.
卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)是我国近年来快速发展起来的重要海水养殖鱼类,其年产量高达12万t。目前,国内外有关该鱼的营养需求与饲料研究已有较多报道,但对有些营养素的研究还是空白。本文主要就其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸、碳水化合物和微量营养素的需求,蛋白源和脂肪源替代鱼粉和鱼油,功能性饲料添加剂应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为该鱼的精准营养研究及高效低成本环保配合饲料的研发提供参考资料,从而推动其养殖业的健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

18.
Animal by-product meals (ABM) were substituted for fish meal in five experimental diets for Nile tilapia fry, Oreochromis niloticus (L), with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% substitution. Two diets with 100% ABM were tested, one with 50:50 animal lipid:soybean oil, and the other with 100% fish oil as attractant. In general, the best growth and feeding performance was obtained with a control diet based on fish meal as the sole protein, but the results were not statistically different from those obtained with 75% and 100% ABM with soybean oil. A simple cost analysis suggested better economic efficiency when tilapia were fed with 100% ABM. It was concluded that animal by-product meal can be used as a sole protein source in commercial diets for Nile tilapia fry, without affecting growth and food utilization of the fish, improving the economics of feeding in comparison with fish meal.  相似文献   

19.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted with cobia to determine the amount of soybean meal that could replace fish meal in formulated diets without reducing growth. Juvenile cobia (initial mean weight, 32 g) were fed 48% crude protein diets in which dietary protein was supplied by brown fish meal or a mixture of hexane extracted soybean meal and the fish meal, resulting in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of fish meal protein being replaced by soybean protein. The fish readily accepted all seven experimental diets and no fish died during the trial. Detrimental effects on growth performance were obvious when half of the fish meal protein was replaced by soybean protein. There existed a significant difference in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) when the replacement level for fish meal protein was increased from 40% to 50%, indicating that up to 40% of fish meal protein can be replaced by soybean meal protein without causing reduction in growth and protein utilization. On the other hand, quadratic regression analysis shows a growth optimum at 16.9% replacement of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein. Lipid concentrations in the cobia muscle increased significantly as dietary soybean meal increased. Muscle concentrations of free threonine and histidine decreased as use of the soybean meal increased in the diets. Since methionine concentration in the test diets decreased from 2.52 to 1.36 g 16 g−1 N as the soybean meal protein replacement level was increased from 0% to 60% while all other essential amino acids remained relatively constant, dietary requirement of methionine was calculated assuming it was equally available between the two proteins. The broken-line model analysis based on fish weight gain shows a breakpoint when dietary methionine+cystine concentration was 2.66 g 16 g−1 N or 1.28 g 100 g−1 diet.  相似文献   

20.
Four dietary protein sources were bio-assayed for amino acid availability, as estimated by true digestibility, when fed to striped bass Morone saxatilis . Diets were formulated to contain either herring fish meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal or peanut meal as the sole source of dietary protein. A fifth diet, containing no protein, was fed to estimate the level of endogenous amino acids for calculation of true digestibility. The five dietary treatments were randomly assigned to ten tanks of striped bass having an average weight of 150 g per fish. All fish received the assigned diet fed at a rate 1.5% of the biomass per day for a period of 10 d. Fecal samples were collected from anesthetized fish by gentle, manual stripping of the lower digestive tract. Diets and feces were analyzed for dry matter, chromium, nitrogen and amino acid concentrations. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) among the protein sources for apparent dry matter digestibility or availability of arginine, threonine, valine and nonessential amino acids with the exception of cysteine. Corn gluten meal had a significantly lower availability coefficient for lysine, and peanut meal had significantly lower availability coefficients for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine when compared to herring fish meal and soybean meal. Statistically there were no differences between soybean meal and herring fish meal for any nutrient tested. These data suggest that in terms of amino acid availability and overall protein quality, soybean meal could be used to spare herring fish meal in striped bass diets, with corn gluten meal being equally as useful when supplemented with lysine or complemented with other proteins.  相似文献   

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