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进行了黄鳝喜食的天然动物性饵料蚯蚓、鲢肌肉和配合饲料对黄鳝消化酶活性影响的比较研究。结果表明：(1)黄鳝各消化组织中蛋白酶活性均以摄食蚯蚓组增加幅度最大，其次为摄食鲢肌肉组，而以摄食配合饲料的蛋白酶活性增加最小；(2)胰蛋白酶的活性变化则以摄食鲢肌肉组的增加幅度最大，以摄食蚯蚓组次之，摄取配合饲料组的增加幅度最小；(3)淀粉酶的活性以摄取配合饲料的黄鳝的增加幅度最大，其次为摄食鲢肌肉组，增加幅度最小的为摄取蚯蚓组个体；(4)脂肪酶的活性变化以摄取鲢肌肉的增加幅度最大，其次为摄食蚯蚓的，摄食配合饲料组增加幅度最小。这表明不同饲料对黄鳝消化器官消化酶的活性影响不同，这可能与不同饲料的营养组成、性质有关，食物中的不同营养物质会刺激黄鳝消化器官分泌相应的消化酶，以便更好地消化所摄取的食物。 相似文献
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体重和温度对草鱼摄食小浮萍的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)对浮萍的摄食能力及主要影响因素,为合理利用草鱼控制小江回水区浮萍暴发提供依据。草鱼(体重29.7~491.2 g)取自红安县中海农业科技有限公司渔场,小浮萍种源采自重庆市云阳县高阳镇黄莲坝库湾。在试验室条件下研究了草鱼对小浮萍的最大摄食量、最大摄食率与体重和温度的关系。结果表明,在水温(25.82±0.57)℃条件下,随着体重的增加(40.36~478.17 g),草鱼的最大摄食量增大,但最大摄食率呈减小的趋势,两者与体重的相关关系分别为C_(max)=2.460W~(0.779),FR_(max)=246.0W~(-0.221);水温(16.55~30.50℃)对草鱼的最大摄食量和最大摄食率的影响极显著(P0.01),最大摄食量和最大摄食率与水温的回归方程分别为C_(max)=0.074T~(2.045),FR_(max)=0.164T~(1.940);建立的预测不同温度和体重条件下草鱼对小浮萍最大摄食率的模型为:FR_(max)=0.410T~(1.940)W~(-0.221)。 相似文献
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多棘海盘车对四种贝类摄食率和选择性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水温为22～24℃,盐度29.6,溶解氧6.9 mg/L,pH 8.01的条件下,研究了多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)对4种贝类栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、东方缝栖蛤(Hiatella orientalis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的摄食与食物选择性,以期了解多棘海盘车摄食生理生态学特性。结果表明:当只有一种贝类作为饵料时,多棘海盘车对不同贝类的摄食率差异极显著(P<0.01)。其中,对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.005 7～0.008 0 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为7～20 mm),其次是贻贝为0.003 5～0.004 9 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为10～21 mm),对栉孔扇贝的摄食率最小,为0.001 4～0.002 8 g干重/(h.只)(壳长为14～31 mm)。同时,多棘海盘车的摄食率还表现出一定的昼夜差异,夜间的摄食率大于白天,但差异并不显著(P>0.05)。当4种贝类同时作为饵料存在时,多棘海盘车对东方缝栖蛤的摄食率最大,为0.003 0 g干重/(h.只),其次是贻贝为0.001 7 g干重/(h.只),以摄食率评价摄食选择,多棘海盘车对于该4种贝类具有明显的选择性(P<0.05),其摄食选择性的顺序为:东方缝栖蛤,贻贝,菲律宾蛤仔,栉孔扇贝。 相似文献
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脉红螺摄食节律的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用实验生态学方法,以菲律宾蛤仔为饵料对脉红螺的摄食行为规律进行了研究。研究结果表明,当温度达到10.40℃时,脉红螺第一次出现摄食行为,日均摄食量为0.01g/个;非交配期内,摄食量随温度升高而增大,当温度达16.20℃时,摄食量达最大值,为0.54g/个,摄食周期为4天;进入交配期后,脉红螺摄食量随温度升高先增加后减少,同时与交配率呈负相关关系;当温度达到18.05℃,交配率达最小值0.03,脉红螺日均摄食量达到最大的5.32g/个,此时摄食周期为3.72天。非交配期摄食量(c)与温度(t)间回归关系为：c = 0.01t2 - 0.24t 1.18,r=0.97,交配期摄食量(c)分别与温度(t)、交配率(m)的回归关系为：c = -0.13t2 5.18t – 48.08,r=0.61;c = -2.92m 3.33,r=-0.48。,综上所述,脉红螺摄食有4天左右的周期变化,且温度和交配率作为两个重要的因素对其有显著影响。 相似文献
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陆水水库鳜属鱼类食性及消化器官的比较研究 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
通过对陆水水库三种鳜属鱼类的食性及消化器官比较，结果表明，三种鳜都以摄食鱼虾为主，在鳜和大眼鳜的食物组成中，虾的出现率分别为８２．３５％和８１．０３％，鱼的出现率分别为４７．０６％和３１．２３％，斑鳜中鱼和虾和出现率分别为６３．０７％和５０．０７％，鱼虾出现率在不同月份变化圈套。鳜摄食强度最大，大眼鳜次之，斑鳜最小。但它们摄食鱼的饱满分指数均大于虾。在消化器官中，鳜、斑鳜、大眼鳜的幽门盲囊的平均数 相似文献
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2007年4月至2008年9月对乌伦古湖153尾白斑狗鱼,进行食性研究.结果表明,白斑狗鱼的食物组成包括池沼公鱼、湖拟鲤、东方欧鳊、银鲫、贝加尔雅罗鱼、粘鲈、麦穗鱼、尖鳍鮈、北方花鳅、北方须鳅、中华绒鳌蟹、摇蚊幼虫、水生昆虫共12种饵料生物,主要以池沼公鱼(IRI=88.44%)、湖拟鲤(IRI=6.66%)和银鲫(IRI%=2.57%)为主.白斑狗鱼除繁殖期外,其他月份摄食率都很高,繁殖期过后5月中旬摄食率达到65%,8月份达到68%,冬季封冰下达到66.7%.白斑狗鱼平均饱满指数变化较大,其变化幅度在0.0016～0.2286之间.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H' 5月份最小为0.5128,8月份最大为1.9863.Pielou均匀度指数J' 5月份最小为0.4668,8月份最大为0.7993.8月份白斑狗鱼食物Pielou均匀度指数J' 均高于5月份. 相似文献
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饲养条件下月鳢仔鱼摄食习性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对人工饲养条件下月鳢仔鱼的摄食习性进行了研究。仔鱼孵出２ｄ后即开口摄食外界食物,仔鱼开口饵料为轮虫。随着鱼体的生长,摄食枝角类、桡足类和摇蚊幼虫的比例迅速增加。仔鱼昼夜摄食强度有一定的节律,夜间１８～２２时摄食强度最大。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下测定了黑鲪(Sebastodes fuscescens)的最大摄食率,并探讨了体重和温度等因子的影响。在15℃条件下,最大摄食率(Rmax)与体重(W）的相互关系为：Rmax=2 662.80W-0.393 2 (R = 0.936 4)。在温度为11、15、22、25℃的条件下,最大摄食率分别为119.01、328.63、287.10、226.97J/g·d,二者的相互关系为:Rmax＝-967.03 141.14T－3.76T2（R = 0.960 2）,由此式可推算出该种鱼的最佳食欲温度为18.76℃,在此温度下的最大摄食率估计为356.80J/g·d,最大摄食率与温度和体重的关系为:Rmax＝(-7 161.63 1 045.25T－27.86T2)W-0.393 2。 相似文献
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L. Heermann L.-O. Eriksson C. Magnhagen J. Borcherding 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(4):560-571
Abstract – Size is a crucial factor affecting the survival of fish during winter. Pond and laboratory experiments with three size classes of perch (small: 40–70 mm, medium: 71–100 mm, large: 101–186 mm) revealed that the feeding history of perch prior to winter is reflected in the amount and type of accumulated energy reserves. The minimal amount of reserves was 2% of the perch's biomass for fat and 9% for protein. An increase in glycogen levels either reflected mobilisation of energy in the body when perch were starving or an increase in accumulated energy over winter. In the laboratory, only the smallest perch suffered from high mortality rates, even if all were fed with low amounts of food. However, feeding the fish reduced the mortality rate after a certain time lag. Size-selective mortality rates occurred in the pond experiments as well. Small perch which survived the winter were able to rebuild their energy stores. 相似文献
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With a 10‐week microcosm experiment, we demonstrated that the mussel Mytilus edulis could feed and grow upon zooplankton, phytoplankton and mixture of them. The group supplied with the mixture showed the highest shell growth rate, egestion rate and largest size of faecal pellets. Individuals feeding on seawater (the control group) had the lowest growth rate, egestion rate and smallest size of faecal pellets. Egestion rates and faecal sizes of all the groups decreased with experimental time. Therefore, the mussel M. edulis could derive energy from many kinds of diet particles. Most of these particles within the water column may play an important role in bivalve nutrition, feeding and aquaculture. A mixed diet of phytoplankton and zooplankton yielded better growth performance and metabolism than diets of each fed separately. 相似文献
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Brenda L. Norcross Evelyn D. Brown Robert J. Foy Michele Frandsen Shelton M. Gay Thomas C. Kline Doran M. Mason E. Vincent Patrick A. J. Paul Kevin D. E. Stokesbury 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(Z1):42-57
Physical and biological variables affecting juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound (PWS) from 1995 to 1998 were investigated as part of a multifaceted study of recruitment, the Sound Ecosystem Assessment (SEA) program. Though more herring larvae were retained in eastern PWS bays, ages‐0 and ‐1 herring used bays throughout PWS as nursery areas. Water transported into PWS from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) contributed oceanic prey species to neritic habitats. Consequently, variations in local food availability resulted in different diets and growth rates of herring among bays. Summer food availability and possible interspecific competition for food in nursery areas affected the autumn nutritional status and juvenile whole body energy content (WBEC), which differed among bays. The WBEC of age‐0 herring in autumn was related to over‐winter survival. The limited amount of food consumption in winter was not sufficient to meet metabolic needs. The smallest age‐0 fish were most at risk of starvation in winter. Autumn WBEC of herring and winter water temperature were used to model over‐winter mortality of age‐0 herring. Differences in feeding and energetics among nursery areas indicated that habitat quality and age‐0 survival were varied among areas and years. These conditions were measured by temperature, zooplankton abundance, size of juvenile herring, diet energy, energy source (GOA vs. neritic zooplankton), WBEC, and within‐bay competition. 相似文献
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The effect of water turbidity on the prey selection and consumption of the young-of-the-year (YOY) pikeperch in the planktivorous feeding stage was studied. Attention was paid particularly to the question of how the food selectivity depends on the size of YOY pikeperch and how the turbidity affects feeding in different size classes. Studies were carried out in ponds of two fish farms in Estonia over 4 years. Small cladocerans were the most preferred prey in the smallest pikeperch size class. In larger size classes, the most selected prey were the large cladocerans. Water turbidity affected the prey selection of the planktivorous pikeperch significantly. In more turbid environments, the larger zooplankters were more positively selected than the smaller ones. Turbidity decreased both total zooplankton consumption and Fulton's condition factor of fish only in the largest size class of pikeperch. The effect of turbidity on foraging and growth, and thus on the size of juvenile pikeperch of a particular year class is substantial under conditions where juveniles cannot shift from planktivory to piscivory. 相似文献
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Energetics of reproduction and spawning migration for Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Y. Kurita 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):271-272
Pacific saury is a small (up to 35 cm SL) pelagic fish, feeding actively in the food-rich sub-arctic water (10–12 °C) during summer (June – August) and spawning in the food-poor sub-tropical water (20–22 °C) during winter (December – April). Changes in protein, lipid, and energy content for 30 cm standardized fish from August to February were examined. Accumulated body reserves were abundant in the feeding season, most of them being expended during southward migration, and almost exhausted in the active spawning season. Thus it is indicated that most of the allocated energy to egg production was derived from the energy of food consumed during spawning season. 相似文献
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Robert P. Wilson Delbert M. Gatlin William E. Poe 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1985,49(2):101-110
Five purified diets were utilized to investigate the effect of varying protein and energy intake on postprandial changes in systemic serum amino acid levels of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The diets contained 25, 30 or 35% crude protein at one of three different energy levels. Systemic serum free amino acids and glucose were determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after feeding each diet. In general, for each diet tested, most of the systemic serum free amino acid levels increased within 2 h after feeding, remained elevated for up to 12 h, and returned to fasting levels within 24 h after feeding. Varying the protein to energy ratios in the diets did not profoundly affect postprandial systemic serum free amino acid patterns. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of systemic serum free essential amino acids and dietary levels. No such correlation was observed for non-essential amino acids. Serine and alanine were the most abundant free amino acids in catfish serum. Glutamic acid, glycine and proline remained relatively low throughout all treatments. A reciprocal relationship was observed between levels of glucose and total free amino acids in the serum. 相似文献
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A. Descroix C. Desvilettes P. Martin O. Anneville A. Bec G. Bourdier 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(2):282-296
Abstract – The feeding, growth and nutritional status of salmon parr (0+) released at fry stage in different riffles were studied in a large temperate river (Allier, France) throughout the active feeding period. Significant differences were observed along the upstream–downstream gradient. Parr growth performance and energy storage were higher in downstream riffles and low in the most upstream one. These longitudinal growth variations are discussed in the context of diet and food availability differences, habitat variables and intra- and inter-species competition. The most favourable site for optimum growth and nutritional status appeared to be the intermediary riffle located in the grayling zone. 相似文献
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Kanako Watanabe Isao Kuriyama Koichi Satoh Viswanath Kiron Shuichi Satoh Takeshi Watanabe 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):90-103
SUMMARY: This is another report from a series of studies aimed at determining the energy and protein requirements based on the optimum feeding frequency of yellowtail during the winter season. Experiments were conducted at Mie and Oita Prefectures, Japan, employing extruded pellets of known digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) values. Four groups of fish were fed at frequencies of five, three, two, and one time(s) per week. The most efficient feed performance was obtained for the feeding frequenecy of three times per week. The DE and DP requirements calculated based on the feeding rate at this frequency were 38.7 kcal and 2.8 g/kgBW per day (14.3–17.3°C) in Mie and 30.4 kcal and 2.2 g/kgBW per day (13.8–17.5°C) in Oita, respectively. The present results and the observations on the changes of the contents in digestive tracts tallied with our previous work, confirming that the optimum feeding frequency was three times per week. 相似文献
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Effect of temperature and feed ration on energy utilization in large rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. MÄKINEN 《Aquaculture Research》1994,25(2):213-232
Abstract In one experiment, temperature and feed ration were varied for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with an initial size of about 1200g. In two experiments the feed ration was varied between parallel tanks, with naturally fluctuating ambient temperatures, and containing rainbow trout with an initial size of about 1000g and 400–550g, respectively. Growth and feed efficiency were measured in all experiments. An ad libitum feed ration without wastage produced the most effective energy utilization in most experimental groups. At best an average of 50% of the gross energy was utilized for growth. The relation between growth rate and feed ration was linear, and there was no optimum point for feeding below this level. The observed intake of energy is compared with growth, measurements of digestibility, feeding and starving metabolism. It is also linked to earlier observations of intake by rainbow trout fingerlings to give equations expressing the energy needs of rainbow trout of different sizes (30–1500g). These are intended to be used for efficient rearing at different temperatures (10–22°C). 相似文献
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A two (dietary energy levels; low energy, LE and high energy, HE) × 4 (feeding frequency; one feeding in 2 days, one feeding daily, two times daily and three times daily) factorial experiment was performed to determine the effects of dietary energy level and/or feeding frequency on the growth and body composition of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The survival rate was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain of fish fed the LE and HE diets significantly increased as feeding frequency increased. The weight gain of fish fed the LE diet was higher at each level of increasing feeding frequency. The weight gain of fish fed the HE diet was higher than that of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days and once daily, but weight gain of fish fed the HE diet was lower than the LE diet three times daily. Daily feed intake was significantly influenced by feeding frequency, but not by dietary energy level. Feed efficiency of fish fed the HE diet once daily was significantly higher than that of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days, but no significant difference in feed efficiency was observed among other groups of fish. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the LE diet once in 2 days was the lowest. Feeding frequency and dietary energy level had a significant effect on the body lipid content. A feeding frequency of two times or three times daily would be effective, depending on dietary energy level for maximum growth of juvenile flounder grown from 3.5 to 15 g. 相似文献