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1.
海水仔稚鱼对脂类的需求 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
脂类是海水仔稚鱼的必需营养要素，ｎ－３高度不饱和脂肪酸是海水仔稚鱼的必需脂肪酸，能直接影响海水仔稚鱼的生长和存活，其中又以ＤＨＡ和ＥＰＡ尤为重要。在仔稚鱼饵料中添加磷脂，也可提高仔稚鱼的生长和存活率。 相似文献
2.
微颗粒饲料中添加消化酶对半滑舌鳎仔、稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以初始体长16.61±2.33 mm的半滑舌鳎仔鱼(孵化后第20天)为实验对象,在室内进行为期25d的摄食生长实验.在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.05%和0.1%的胰蛋白酶配制3组微颗粒饲料,同时,以活饵料(卤虫)作为对照组,研究饲料中添加不同剂量的消化酶对半滑舌鳎仔鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响.实验结果表明,添加胰蛋白酶组的仔、稚鱼体重明显高于未添加组(P＜0.05),但是低于活饵料组(P＜O.05),添加胰蛋白酶组之间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).成活率的结果显示,活饵料组明显地高于微颗粒饲料组(P＜0.05),但是3个微颗粒饲料组之间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).消化酶分析结果表明,除了碱性磷酸酶以外,不同饵料对蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性均没有影响.结果表明,在饲料中添加外源性消化酶可以显著地提高半滑舌鳎仔、稚鱼的生长,对于体内消化酶的影响却不显著,其中的机制有待进一步研究. 相似文献
3.
轮虫,是海产鱼类仔、稚鱼的初期饵料。而培养轮虫的方法主要有二种。一是饲用海水小球藻,二是投喂酵母类以进行高密度培养。但实践表明,用酵母类培养的轮虫投喂鱼类仔、稚鱼易造成仔、稚鱼的大量死亡。竟其 相似文献
4.
海水仔稚鱼早期阶段氨基酸的营养生理研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
深海海鱼鱼卵中的游离氨基酸占鱼卵总氨基酸含量的近50％（干重），游离氨基酸库中的游离氨基酸似乎是卵黄蛋白的水解产物。仔鱼吸收卵黄内源营养的过程中，游离氨基酸库中的游离氨基酸逐渐减少，到仔鱼开始摄食时，库中的游离氨基酸已近枯竭，游离氨基酸不仅是代谢能源，而且是体蛋白合成的基本原料，仔鱼开始摄食后，氨基酸作为分解代谢的重要物质，可能有高达60％的能量由氨基酸提供，由于仔稚鱼的生长主要是通过合成蛋白质增加鱼体的重量，加之仔稚鱼的生长速度很高，因此，仔稚鱼需要其饲料中有较高的氨基酸含量。仔鱼开始摄食后，其消化系统对蛋白质的水解和吸收能力较弱，海水仔稚鱼的早期阶段，仔鱼的肠道对游离氨基酸的吸收要高于对多肽和蛋白质中氨基酸的吸收，仔鱼开始摄食后，由浮游生物获得大量的游离氨基酸，用微粒饲料培育仔稚鱼，微脂粒技术可能是向饲料中添加游离氨基酸的实用技术。 相似文献
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海水鱼类仔稚鱼消化生理学研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了海水鱼类仔稚鱼消化系统的发育过程，讨论了消化系统中各种酶的分布以及各发育时期参与消化的酶的种类及其活性，分析了饵料与消化系统中酶的互动关系，以及外源性消化酶和神经肽在仔稚鱼消化过程中所起的作用。 相似文献
7.
在水温14．8-21．2℃,比重1．008-1．013条件下,采用轮虫、微颗粒饲料、卤虫无节幼体及桡足类,以不同配比组成3组不同的饵料系列投喂香鱼仔、稚鱼。结果表明:采用轮虫 配合饲料-桡足类 配合饲料的系列饵料,在仔稚幼鱼生长速度和成活率等方面优于单纯使用生物饵料组成的饵料系列,并且可以降低育苗成本。 相似文献
8.
试验研究了不同粘合剂制备的微颗粒饲料对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii Brandt)仔稚鱼开口期(3～25日龄)生长、成活率及肠道组织的影响.3种粘合剂分别为羟丙甲纤维素钠(HPMC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和海藻酸钠(AJ),同时选择一种商用开口饲料为对照组(CMD).每个处理组4个重复,每个重复放3日龄西伯利亚鲟1 000尾.结果表明,各处理组全长和体重随日龄变化明显,西伯利亚鲟生长迅速.不同处理组成活率差异不显著(P>0.05),但HPMC处理组要低于其它处理组10%左右,个体平均全长和终末体重显著高于商品微颗粒饲料组(P<0.05).从肠道切片来看,商品微颗粒饲料组西伯利亚鲟稚鱼肠道隐窝较浅,其余3组皆正常,3种粘合剂对西伯利亚鲟开口期营养吸收没有显著影响. 相似文献
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不同饵料对美洲西鲱仔鱼生长、相关酶活力及体脂肪酸的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以美洲西鲱(Alosa sapidissima)仔鱼(孵化后10 d)为实验对象,在室内进行为期30 d的摄食生长试验,分别投喂不同的饵料[单独投喂卤虫(Artemia)、单独投喂微颗粒饲料、卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂],分析不同饵料的投喂对存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:(1)混合投喂组的存活与生长表现都要显著优于卤虫组和微颗粒饲料组(P0.05),微颗粒饲料组与卤虫组相比差异不大,而试验后期(20~30 d)微颗粒饲料组的存活与生长表现要优于卤虫组;(2)消化酶的结果显示,胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力在各组中无显著性差异(P0.05),胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶在卤虫组中活力最低,显著低于其他两组(P0.05),其中糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性在微颗粒饲料组中要显著高于混合投喂组(P0.05);(3)碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物岐化酶活力在各组中无显著性差异(P0.05),过氧化氢酶和溶菌酶活力在微颗粒饲料组中最高,卤虫组中最低,两者之间差异显著(P0.05);(4)鱼体脂肪酸受饵料脂肪酸组成影响较大,微颗粒饲料中n-3HUFA和DHA含量较高,其投喂后在鱼体中的含量也高。综上所述,不同饵料投喂对美洲西鲱仔稚鱼存活、生长、消化酶活性、非特异性免疫相关酶活性以及体脂肪酸影响显著,在试验20 d之前使用卤虫与微颗粒饲料混合投喂,20 d后完全转食微颗粒饲料,可以降低成本,同时提高生产效率。 相似文献
11.
Essential fatty acid requirements of cultured marine fish larvae 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
M. S. IZQUIERDO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1996,2(4):183-191
Feeding of marine fish larvae is, in most cases, limited to the administration of two species of live prey. This reduction in the range of food available for the cultured larvae may occasionally lead to nutritional imbalances or deficiencies. A large amount of research has been recently devoted to the study of the essential fatty acid requirements of marine fish larvae. Studies on the biochemical composition of developing eggs and larvae, as well as the comparison of the patterns of loss and conservation during starvation, pointed out the importance of n-3 HUFA and arachidonic acid as essential fatty acids for larvae of marine fish. The biochemical composition of marine fish larvae, in terms of lipid content and fatty acid composition of total and polar lipids, is modified by dietary levels of essential fatty acids. Larval growth, survival and activity have also been reported to be affected by dietary levels of essential fatty acids. In addition, some pathological signs, such as hydrops or abnormal pigmentation, have been related to essential fatty acid deficiency in these fish. Based on these effects, the essential fatty acid requirements of marine larval fish have been reported to range between 0.3 and 55 g kg?1 n-3 HUFA on a dry weight basis, suggesting that quantitative requirements of fish larvae may differ from those of juveniles or adults. But quantitative requirements for larvae of the same species reported by various authors are often contradictory. These differences are discussed in relation to the dietary lipid content, ratio 20:5n-3/22:6n-3 and culture conditions used. 相似文献
12.
Both egg and larvae are different between freshwater and marine fish species. Freshwater fish species have generally larger and fewer eggs than marine species. Most freshwater fish species have demersal eggs that develop stuck to various substrata, such as plants or gravels, while eggs of most marine fish species develop in the water column. These differences have consequences for both the evaluation of the quality and the incubation of eggs of freshwater fish species compared with marine species. The larvae of many freshwater fish species are larger and more developed at hatching than their marine counterparts: thus, larval feeding regimes could be different and cannibalism may emerge sooner in certain freshwater fish species. The main differences of egg and larvae between freshwater and marine species are highlighted and the possible implications for aquaculture practices are discussed. 相似文献
13.
海水养殖鱼类仔、稚鱼骨骼发育与畸形发生 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
骨骼畸形可导致鱼类运动困难、摄食能力降低、生长缓慢、成活率低,因此,畸形鱼苗的出现将增加生产成本、影响养殖的经济效益。在海水鱼类人工育苗阶段,骨骼畸形现象普遍存在,严重制约了海水鱼类养殖产业的可持续发展。本文首先系统总结了卵形鲳鲹、黄尾鰤、尖吻鲈等经济海水鱼类颌骨、脊柱、尾骨的早期发育时序及特点,比较了仔、稚鱼骨骼畸形发生的部位、时间及发生规律。之后针对仔、稚鱼阶段影响骨骼发育的主要因素,从遗传、环境、营养等方面进行了剖析,以期为寻找降低人工养殖条件下海水鱼类仔、稚鱼的骨骼畸形提供启示。 相似文献
14.
In hatchery, an adequate supply of live food for first‐feeding fish larvae is essential and nutritional quality of live food organisms can be improved through nutrient enrichment. The use of live food organisms, especially at first feeding, is a requisite for most marine fish larvae. In ocean, marine fish larvae primarily feed on copepods, but the production protocols of copepods as live food is underdeveloped in hatchery. As the food ingestion and the digestive system of copepods are different from other live food organisms (e.g. rotifers), the nutrition enrichment procedures with emulsion oil used in rotifers is not effective on copepods. This review focuses on alteration of nutrient composition of copepods through manipulation of copepod food before they are fed to fish larvae. Specifically, we discuss the relationship between the changes of fatty acid compositions in dietary algae and in copepods. The review links nutrient supply to copepods and the change of nutrition in copepods and suggests ways to improve copepod nutrition in hatcheries. 相似文献
15.
João Gago Tiago Martins Orlando J Luís Pedro Pousão‐Ferreira 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e96-e108
Two sets of experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of eggs and endotrophic larvae of captive Paracentrotus lividus as alternative live prey for marine fish larvae first feeding. The first consisted in rearing sparids, Diplodus sargus and Sparus aurata, larvae until 15 days after hatching in a recirculation system. Compared with the commonly used live prey – rotifer Brachionus spp. – general lower values of survival and growth were obtained when fish larvae were fed with the alternative live prey. Among these, eggs showed to be the preferred feeding. Broodstock feed showed to play a fundamental role on prey quality and consequent fish larvae survival. In the second set of experiments, the 24‐h ingestions of the first feeding larvae in static water were determined for five currently cultured fish larvae species. Except for larger and more predatory Dicentrarchus labrax larvae, there was a trend for higher P. lividus egg ingestion, followed by pre‐plutei and prisms. Prey size, colour and movement affected food selection by fish larvae. It is concluded that, in spite of the alternative live prey being readily consumed by all tested fish larvae, they cannot however presently compete with rotifers in marine fish larvae first feeding. 相似文献
16.
New perspectives on aquarium fish trade 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Lecchini Sandrine Polti Yohei Nakamura Pascal Mosconi Makoto Tsuchiya Georges Remoissenet Serge Planes 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):40-47
ABSTRACT: Since the 1990s, the international market for importing aquarium fish is suspicious of stock coming from South-East Asia. Fish catches are still executed with cyanide-based toxic products. In the present paper, the potential of the French Polynesian Islands to develop a marine aquarium fish business with a new approach is explored. Coral reef fish are captured at the larval stage with crest nets, then larvae are reared in aquaria before being put on the world ornamental fish market. This approach offers several advantages: (i) larvae are captured with a passive system placed on the reef crest (crest net) that does not destroy the environment and limits the stress on collected larvae; (ii) larvae are then put into farmed basins that allow them to be controlled sanitarily; and (iii) larvae are weaned at the farm and fed rapidly with artificial food. This method increases survival rates as it eliminates the food acclimatization problem of fish captured at adult stage (main cause of fish mortality in aquaria). Overall, reared larvae will constitute a new product in terms of species, sizes and quality of ornamental fish on the aquarium market. 相似文献
17.
Rasmus Nielsen Max Nielsen Tenaw Gedefaw Abate Benni Winding Hansen Per Meyer Jepsen Søren Laurentius Nielsen Josianne Gatt Støttrup Kurt Buchmann 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2623-2641
This article analyses the challenges of different live‐feed regimes for the rearing of marine finfish larvae and discusses the potential alternative live feeds to avert a future live‐feed trap. Live feeds are indispensable for the successful rearing of larvae of most marine fish species. Brine shrimps (Artemia) and rotifers comprise the live feeds of choice in marine aquaculture today. However, their nutritional composition is deficient in especially essential fatty acids, and enrichment with fish oil is needed. Fish oil is considered a limited resource owing to its origin in fully exploited wild fish stocks. Moreover, fluctuations of the natural population of Artemia will, most likely, influence future availability and prices. This emphasizes the need for optimal exploitation of available live‐feed resources and development of new sustainable alternatives, such as copepods. An array of solutions to these problems are presented to avoid a future live‐feed trap and to reduce dependence on limited resources that influence future production possibilities, species diversification, price volatility and productivity in the aquaculture sector. 相似文献
18.
近年来海洋仔鱼消化系统,包括胃、肠道以及胰脏发育的研究进展进行了综述,描述了其消化系统在发育过程中形态和功能的变化,对仔鱼发育过程中包括胃蛋白酶、胰酶、肠酶及其他消化酶的变化以及饵料组分的影响进行了总结。 相似文献
19.
Shigeaki Shiotani Atsushi Hagiwara Yoshitaka Sakakura Hisashi Chuda 《Aquacultural Engineering》2005,32(3-4):465-481
Marine fish larvae are fragile against physical stress. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the flow field in a rearing tank, which is assumed to provide a high degree of physical stress to marine fish larvae. The flow field in a rearing tank (volume of 1 m3) is generated by aerators, which are commonly used to provide oxygen.
This paper is a report on the estimation of stationary flow in the rearing tank of marine fish larvae. The larvae are seven band grouper larvae of Epinephelus septemfasciatus, which have a very low survival rate immediately after the hatching of eggs. The experiments of rearing of seven band grouper larvae were carried out using rearing tanks with four aeration rates (1000, 200, 50 ml/min, and no aeration). The effects of aeration on the survival and floating death of seven band grouper larvae were examined. The experiments confirmed that the mass mortality of seven band grouper larvae depends on the flow rate in the rearing tank. Aeration at 200 ml/min resulted in the highest survival and growth rates of grouper larvae.
Larvae-rearing experiments provided evidence that the flow rates of the rearing tanks are very important design aspects of rearing tanks. The estimation of flow in a rearing tank for an aerating rate of 200 ml/min was carried out by numerical calculation. The computation was simplified by a two-dimensional flow based on experimental results. The calculated flow in the rearing tank was compared with the experimental one. The calculation of the stationary flow in the rearing tank showed good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results. The numerical estimation of the flow in a rearing tank of marine fish larvae was confirmed to be effective and satisfactory for the design of a tank that would provide optimum performance. 相似文献