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1.
根据2016—2020年浙江南部鱼类资源调查数据,运用广义加性模型研究浙江南部各季节鱼类资源与环境因子的关系,并基于2020年环境数据探究鱼类资源时空分布特征。结果显示,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季最佳模型的偏差解释率分别为47.9%、68.0%、56.6%和45.6%,交叉验证回归线的斜率平均值为0.74~1.02,模型拟合能力和预测能力良好。水温、盐度和叶绿素是影响浙江南部海域鱼类资源密度的主要因子,在不同季节对鱼类资源密度有不同的影响机制。水温在夏季和秋季对鱼类资源密度影响极显著(P<0.01),秋季,水温和资源密度之间存在显著负相关(r= –0.225, P<0.05);盐度在不同季节对鱼类资源密度的影响也存在差异,秋季,鱼类资源密度随着盐度的增加而增加,冬季则呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,且在盐度为31.5时达到最大值;除冬季外,其他季节叶绿素浓度与鱼类资源密度均显著相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,2020年春季、夏季鱼类资源密度相对较高,秋季和冬季鱼类资源密度则相对偏低。空间上,春季,温台渔场的鱼类资源密度明显高于鱼山渔场;夏季,温台渔场和鱼山渔场鱼类资源均较为集中,主要分布在27.8°~28.4°N、121.7°~122.9°E以及28.9°N、122°E海域附近。  相似文献   

2.
长江口近海秋季鱼类资源的年变化分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
选用2002~2005年秋季长江口近海渔业资源和温盐度同步调查数据,对该水域秋季鱼类资源量指数、多样性指数、优势种组成以及水温、盐度的年间变化进行了分析,并对鱼类资源量与水温、盐度之间的关系进行了初步研究。结果表明:秋季长江口近海的鱼类资源量指数和多样性指数的年间变化均较为明显,但优势种组成较为稳定,以带鱼、小黄鱼、银鲳、刺鲳为主要优势种,且各年份基本上以带鱼和小黄鱼占有绝对的优势地位。当前长江口近海鱼类群落处于较低水平的相对稳定状态。秋季长江口近海鱼类的资源量和底层水温的变化趋势较为一致,而与表层水温的变化趋势呈现相反的趋势,同时和表底层的水温差变化呈负相关关系;鱼类资源量的变化受表层盐度的影响较为明显,它们之间呈现相同的变化趋势。  相似文献   

3.
根据2012年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)在北部湾西北部广西近海4个航次的渔业资源调查资料,进一步结合同步测定的水文情况,探讨北部湾西北部广西近海的鱼类资源分布特征和季节变化及其影响因素。调查结果表明,该调查海域共鉴定鱼类125种,鱼类资源质量密度夏季(402.46kg/km^2)>春季(343.22kg/km^2)>秋季(145.13kg/km^2)>冬季(53.99kg/km^2);尾数密度春季(84.34×10~3尾/km^2)>夏季(51.54×10~3尾/km^2)>秋季(26.53×10~3尾/km^2)>冬季(16.81×10~3尾/km^2);平均体长、体质量分别在春季和夏季最大,分别为7.15cm和7.65g;幼体比在夏季最高,为85.86%。从时间上看,春、夏季的鱼类资源密度大于秋、冬季,从空间上看,沿岸水域的资源密度大于近海水域,这与该水域各水团随季节变化的消长密切相关。依据相对重要性指数确定各季节的优势种,二长棘鲷是夏季最重要的优势种,同时也是春、夏、秋3季的共有优势种。通过贡献率β值可知,该区域鱼类总密度变化与主要优势种变化关系密切,且调查海域多为规格较小的幼鱼,其为北部湾渔场重要的产卵场、育幼场和索饵场,对整个北部湾鱼类资源的补充具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

4.
为探明海洋环境因子对日本鲭资源分布的影响,基于2016、2019、2020年5月和8月浙江南部近海海域渔业资源和水文环境调查数据以及卫星遥感数据,利用两阶段广义加性模型研究春、夏季日本鲭资源分布与海洋环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,日本鲭资源密度的年际变化较大且存在明显的季节分布规律,春季近岸水域的资源密度大于外海水域,夏季与之相反。海水温度和盐度是影响日本鲭分布的重要因素,春季资源密度和水温呈线性正相关关系,与盐度存在非线性负相关关系;夏季,资源密度随着水温的增加呈先增后减的趋势,在29.3℃时达到最大值。研究结果表明,环境因子对春、夏季浙江南部近海海域日本鲭的出现概率以及资源密度具有重要影响。  相似文献   

5.
春秋季台州湾海域鱼类资源的时空分布特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
齐海明  徐兆礼  陈佳杰 《水产学报》2014,38(9):1351-1359
为研究浙江近岸河口海域鱼类资源分布的时空变化特征,利用2010年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)鱼山渔场台州湾海域底拖网游泳动物资源调查资料,分析了台州湾鱼类资源量的时空分布特征和优势种、温度、盐度、水深等因素对鱼类资源量和分布的影响。结果发现,鱼类尾数密度和质量密度变化趋势一致,秋季鱼类质量密度和尾数密度均远远高于春季;春季调查海域鱼类密度北部高于南部,秋季截然相反。回归分析显示,两季优势种对鱼类资源量变化均有密切关系,其中,龙头鱼对鱼类资源量的贡献率明显高于其他物种,两季均为第一优势种。调查海域底层温度与鱼类质量密度和尾数密度均呈显著的正相关关系(PW=0.001,PN=0.009),水深与资源量相关关系不显著(Pw=0.067,PN=0.051),春季20 m以内水深鱼类资源量较高,而秋季密度高值区水深均大于20 m。研究表明,台州湾海域春秋季鱼类资源密度季节变化明显,空间差异显著,底层水温是主要影响因素。  相似文献   

6.
为掌握凤鲚(Coilia mystus)早期资源在长江口的时空分布特征, 于 2019 年 5—10 月在长江口沿岸水域设置 10 个调查站点, 对凤鲚的仔、稚鱼及其环境因子进行逐月采样, 统计分析了凤鲚的体长、发育期及丰度等数据, 研究了凤鲚在长江口的主要繁殖时间及早期个体分布情况, 并利用 GAM 模型分析了丰度分布与环境因子的相关性。结果表明, 5—10 月是长江口凤鲚的主要繁殖期, 其中 5—8 月为繁殖盛期。长江口北支的东旺沙-北八滧-启隆乡沿岸水域为凤鲚仔稚鱼主要分布水域, 为长江口凤鲚的重要育幼场。GAM 分析结果表明, 长江口凤鲚仔稚鱼的分布主要受盐度、温度和溶解氧的影响, 3 个环境因子均对凤鲚仔稚鱼丰度的影响显著(P＜0.05), GAM 最优模型偏差解释率为 65.50%。凤鲚仔稚鱼的最适盐度在 5~12, 温度在 20~28 ℃时相对适宜, 凤鲚仔稚鱼生长适宜的溶解氧为 5.2~8.0 mg/L。  相似文献   

7.
三门湾春秋季鱼类群落特征及其与环境因子的关系   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
根据2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾进行渔业资源调查以及同步调查的6个主要环境因子数据(水温、盐度、悬浮物、p H、溶解氧及化学需氧量等),对三门湾鱼类群落结构及其与6个主要环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,共捕获鱼类33种,其中以季节性洄游种类和暖水性种类为主。春、秋季优势种各有5种,其中棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼和孔虾虎鱼为共同优势种。应用非度量多维测度分析(NMDS)和单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)可得,春、秋鱼类群落均可划分为2组,其中1组主要分布在湾内,而另1组主要分布在湾口,在不同站位组间均存在极显著差异。长度谱分析结果显示,鱼类群落长度谱的斜率和截距有明显的季节性差异。RDA分析结果表明,鱼类群落主要受温度、溶解氧、悬浮物和p H等环境因子影响。  相似文献   

8.
气候变化对长江口鱼类资源密度分布的重塑作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
本研究以2012-2013年长江口鱼类资源密度分布为基础,通过动态生物气候分室模型(DBEM)预估了不同气候变化情景下(IPCC,RCP2.6、RCP6.0和RCP8.5)长江口鱼类资源密度增量分布的变化.在RCP2.6、RCP6.0和RCP8.5这3种气候变化情景下,鱼类资源密度增量、底层鱼类资源密度增量随着时间推移均呈递增趋势,且递增程度和增量重心分布范围随着温室气体排放的增加而扩大(RCP8.5＞RCP6.0＞RCP2.6).鱼类资源密度增量重心主要分布在长江口崇明岛沿岸水域,长江口外侧水域资源密度增量相对较低,并且资源密度增量重心有向南迁移的趋势.  相似文献   

9.
研究嘉陵江中游鱼类资源时空动态特征,了解变化过程及影响因素,提出嘉陵江鱼类资源保护的建议和措施,同时为长江上游及其支流的鱼类资源保护提供基础数据。运用Biosonics DT-X分裂波束科学回声探测仪于2018年7月（夏）、10月（秋）以及2019年1月（冬）、4月（春）对嘉陵江中游蓬安段金溪航电工程干流江段进行了水声学探测,并辅以常规渔获物调查。共采集到鱼类6科38种,其中蛇鮈、鲫、银飘鱼、黄尾鲴等中小型鱼类在数量上占优;鱼类密度分别为春季（0.8296±0.43）、夏季（0.8705±0.38 ）、秋季（0.5082±0.25）、冬季（0.3939±0.13）尾/m3;鱼体平均目标强度分别为春季（-63.15±5.03）、夏季（-52.85±14.45）、秋季（-46.42±15.85）、冬季（-44.77±15.28 ）dB;鱼体平均重量分别为春季0.03、夏季1.08 、秋季11.19 、冬季20.40 g/尾;鱼类资源量分别为春季0.4096、夏季0.2907 、秋季0.3919 、冬季0.5622 kg/m3;坝下鱼类密度显著高于坝上（F=12.67,P<0.05）;坝上（F=7.02,P<0.05）和坝下（F=19.99,P<0.05）3个水层之间的鱼类密度差异显著,中层鱼类密度显著高于上层和下层（P<0.05）,且总体上夏季各水层的鱼类密度要高于其他季节。后续研究应加强对该江段鱼类资源的动态监测,并重点探讨引起鱼类资源动态变化的关键影响因子。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨余姚市主要内河(余姚江、临周江、长泠江和湖塘江)浮游甲壳动物群落结构受生物因子和环境因子的影响,于2018年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)进行4次调查,分析浮游甲壳动物种类组成、优势种、密度和生物量以及群落结构时空变化特征。结果显示:4次调查共鉴定浮游甲壳动物39属67种,其中桡足类35种,枝角类32种,浮游甲壳动物种类数秋季最低,春、夏、冬季稍高且季节波动变化不大,但空间分布上具有差异。密度和生物量时空分布上,春季与其他季节差异显著,长泠江与其他江差异显著。优势种季节更替较为明显,仅长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)为四季共有优势种。溶解氧、水温和浮游植物密度对浮游甲壳动物群落结构影响较为显著。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

15.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

18.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

19.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

20.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

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