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斜带石斑鱼消化道乳酸菌在模拟胃肠道环境中的存活 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)幼鱼消化道分离到3株乳酸菌,通过抑菌试验筛选出抑菌效果较好的2株菌(MM1和MM4),经生理生化鉴定结合16SrRNA基因测序分析,MM1菌株鉴定为乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis),MM4菌株鉴定为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。进一步研究了MM1和MM4的体外生长特性,及其对不同pH值的人工胃液、含有不同浓度胆盐的人工肠液及高温的耐受能力。结果表明,MM1和MM4均在培养6h左右进入对数生长期。对人工胃液的耐受能力相似,pH4.0和3.0的人工胃液对2株菌存活的影响较小,而pH2.0的人工胃液对2株菌的影响较大,经2h处理后两者的存活数即下降到105CFU/mL,经4h处理后的存活数低于5.0×103CFU/mL。MM1和MM4对含不同浓度胆盐的人工肠液均具有较好的耐受能力,含中低浓度胆盐(0.1%～0.3%)的人工肠液对2株菌的存活影响很小,处理3h后2株菌的存活数均维持在107CFU/mL以上;高浓度胆盐(0.5%～0.7%)处理3h后2株菌的存活数明显下降,但活菌数仍维持在105CFU/mL以上。MM1和MM4具有一定的耐高温能力,60℃处理30min二者存活数在107CFU/mL以上;80℃处理30min二者存活数在106CFU/mL以上。结论认为,2株乳酸菌具有生长速度快、抑菌能力强、对胃肠道环境和高温耐受能力较强的特点,具有作为益生菌的应用潜力。 相似文献
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本文综合阐述了地衣芽孢杆菌特性、功能、作用机理以及在水产养殖中应用现状,并提出生产实践过程中存在的问题和未来研究方向。地衣芽孢杆菌为革兰氏阳性兼性厌氧菌,对高温、酸性、胆盐和人工胃液有一定的耐受能力,是较具有应用潜力的菌种之一;在水产养殖中具有调节肠道微生态平衡,提高机体免疫力,促进营养物质的消化吸收和净化养殖水环境的作用。科学使用地衣芽孢杆菌,可促进水产养殖业健康发展。 相似文献
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采用体外模拟胃肠道环境与体内芽孢存活计数相结合方法,考察枯草芽孢杆菌WB600耐受凡纳滨对虾胃、肠道环境及其在凡纳滨对虾肠道内的定殖存活情况。试验结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌WB600芽孢在不同的pH环境中均表现出很强的耐受性和良好的生长增殖趋势,而营养体的耐受性较差;在含不同浓度胰蛋白酶的模拟肠液中芽孢和营养体均能表现出良好的耐受性,其中芽孢的耐受能力更为显著;当温度高达80℃时,仍有93.9%的芽孢存活,而营养体基本失活;在虾的肠道内容物中能检测到大量的活芽孢,说明芽孢在进入虾肠道内是可以在其内存活并生长定殖的。表明枯草杆菌WB600芽孢比营养体对胃肠道环境和高温具有更强的耐受能力,且能顺利在虾肠道内定殖存活,有望在水产养殖领域发挥益生作用的同时成为新型的口服疫苗载体。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40水质净化作用的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在筛选得到适宜枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40生长的最佳液体培养基基础上,探讨枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对2种模拟废水及养殖废水的水质净化作用。生长曲线测定结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40在不同培养基中的生长速度不同,由快到慢依次为普通淡水培养基细菌基础培养基2216E培养基普通海水培养基;氨氮降解筛选培养基试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对氨氮的降解效果显著,在试验的第4d时氨氮去除率达到最高值(57.58%);8.64×105cfu/mL、8.64×10~6 cfu/mL、8.64×10~7 cfu/mL 3种密度的枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对模拟废水的净化试验结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40均可显著降低模拟废水中的化学需氧量和pH值,在第24h,试验组化学需氧量去除率均超69%,而且pH均降至6.7~6.9(对照组为8.0);8.64×106 cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对高含量氨氮和化学需氧量模拟废水的净化效果试验表明,该菌株在第7d时对化学需氧量的去除率达到90.37%。8.64×10~6cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对养殖废水的净化效果试验表明,该菌株在第12h时对亚硝酸盐的去除率达到94.12%,在72h时对化学需氧量的去除率达到72.13%。试验结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40可显著降低水体中的亚硝酸盐、氨氮和化学需氧量,具有较好水质净化效果。本试验为枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40在罗非鱼生产中作为潜在的水质改良剂提供了数据资料和科学依据。 相似文献
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热带芽孢杆菌的筛选及对人工废水效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自海南热带海水养殖系统的底泥中筛选得到1株对人工废水净化效果明显的菌株L S‐1305,通过对菌落形态、16S rDNA、生理生化试验,鉴定该菌株为弯曲芽孢杆菌。研究了弯曲芽孢杆菌LS‐1305在人工废水中的生长特性及对凡纳滨对虾的安全性试验,并将密度为（2．5±0．3）×105 cf u／m L的弯曲芽孢杆菌L S‐1305活菌接种至化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐初始质量浓度分别为（721．5±1．8） mg／L、（67．33±0．58） mg／L、68．56±2．08） mg／L的人工废水中,不间断充无菌空气培养48 h。最终建立了该菌株在人工废水中随时间的生长关系。试验结果表明,该菌株对凡纳滨对虾安全,该菌株对人工废水的化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐的去除率分别为91．61％、86．21％、87．22％。弯曲芽孢杆菌L S‐1305具有显著改良海水养殖水体的潜在应用前景,为今后开发适合海南地区海水养殖环境的热带芽孢杆菌微生物制剂奠定了重要的基础。 相似文献
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半滑舌鳎源蜡样芽孢杆菌毒性检测及药敏试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对一株鱼源致病菌L1进行了16SrDNA的鉴定、6种毒力基因的PCR检测、溶血素和4种胞外酶的定性分析以及半数致死密度测定和药敏试验。试验结果表明,菌株L1为蜡样芽孢杆菌,携带与腹泻毒素相关的溶血素BL基因、肠毒素T基因、细胞毒素K基因、多效调控因子、非溶血性肠毒素5种毒力基因,不含呕吐基因;并且该菌分泌溶血素、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、尿素酶;其对斑马鱼96h半数致死密度为3.26×10~8cfu/mL。药敏试验结果表明,该菌对庆大霉素等15种药物敏感。本试验旨在从毒力基因和外毒素角度评估该菌对水产养殖动物的潜在致病性;通过药物敏感性试验,为蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的水产动物疾病防治提供用药参考。 相似文献
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一株短小芽孢杆菌B1的筛选鉴定及其抗菌特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为筛选抗水产弧菌的益生菌株,自西沙海域采集的珊瑚和海水样品共分离到125株细菌,从中筛选出1株无溶血性且对多株病原菌具有拮抗作用的海洋细菌B1。基于生理生化及16SrDNA序列鉴定海洋细菌B1为短小芽孢杆菌。以副溶血弧菌13150为病原指示菌,用琼脂扩散法测定发酵液抑菌活性,并通过卤虫浸泡方式和药敏试验方法检测短小芽孢杆菌B1的安全性,同时进行温度、酸碱度、盐度的发酵条件优化研究。试验结果显示,短小芽孢杆菌B1对副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈氏弧菌等有显著的拮抗作用;共培养试验显示,加入等量短小芽孢杆菌B1无菌上清液可显著抑制副溶血弧菌的生长;安全性试验发现,短小芽孢杆菌B1对卤虫的72h半致死密度为108cfu/mL,副溶血弧菌13150的72h半致死密度为105cfu/mL。此外,药敏试验表明,短小芽孢杆菌B1只对20种常规抗生素中的5种产生抗性;优化后的短小芽孢杆菌B1发酵条件为:温度30℃,pH 7.0,NaCl质量分数为2%。研究表明,短小芽孢杆菌B1具有防治水产养殖病原弧菌的应用潜力。 相似文献
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利用芽孢杆菌SE5和DE5单独及联合强化桡足类,研究SE5和DE5对斜带石斑鱼稚鱼生长、存活率、水质及水体和稚鱼体内细菌总数和弧菌数量的影响。试验结果表明,饲养14d时,SE5组和DE5组体长显著高于对照组,混合组体长和体质量显著高于对照组。饲养28d时,SE5组和DE5组体长和体质量均高于对照组,混合组体长和体质量显著高于对照组。饲养28d时,SE5组和DE5组存活率显著高于对照组。14d时SE5组和混合组水体NH3-N显著低于对照组,28d时各组NH3-N均低于对照组。14d时,混合组水体NO2-N显著高于对照组,28d时各试验组NO2-N均显著高于对照组。试验结束时(28d),各试验组水体细菌总数均高于对照组,SE5组和DE5组水体弧菌数量高于对照组;DE5组和混合组活饵细菌总数高于对照组,各试验组活饵弧菌数量高于对照组,其中混合组显著高于对照组;各试验组稚鱼体内细菌总数高于对照组,其中DE5组显著高于对照组。DE5组稚鱼体内弧菌数量显著高于对照组,SE5组高于对照组。 相似文献
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本文研究了氟苯尼考对鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)体外药效学,测定了最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)、生长动力学曲线和杀菌动力学曲线和抗菌后效应(PAE)及四种培养因子对氟苯尼考体外抑制鲁氏菌活性的影响。结果表明:MIC、MBC和MBC/MIC分别为0.5μg.mL-1、1μg.mL-1和2;鲁氏菌在液体培养基中1h后进入对数生长,大约持续7h;在用药4～6 h达到最大药效。由杀菌曲线可知,氟苯尼考的杀菌功效具有浓度依赖性;在2 MIC、4 MIC和8 MIC时,PAE分别为3.71±0.11、4.54±0.27和5.52±0.23;氟苯尼考对鲁氏菌作用最适pH值为6～8,且二价阳离子(Mg2+)、血清含量及细菌数量小于108时对药效无显著影响。因此,保证药物浓度和作用时间,并配合最适培养条件,是氟苯尼考发挥最高药效的前提条件。 相似文献
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Alessandra Roncarati Adele Meluzzi Silvia Acciarri Nicola Tallarico Paolo Meloti 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2004,35(3):401-411
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different volumes of supplemented carbon dioxide. which is a potential donator of carbon atom, on the fatty acid profile of four microalgae strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd. Nannochloris atomus Butcher and Isochrysis sp.) currently used to enrich rotifers fed to marine fish larvae during two different phases of growth (logarithmic and stationary). Half of the microalgae were cultured at a low CO2 concentration (0.5 L/min). corresponding to 1 % the air volume (0.038 L/min per L of culture) and the other half of microalgae were cultured at a high concentration of CO2 (1.1 L/min), corresponding to 2% the air volume (0.086 L/min per L of culture). The resulting fatty acid profile was species-specific and Nannochloris atomus appeared less suitable for inarine organism feeding because of its high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid which represents the only n-3 PUFA of this alga (28.7%). On the contrary, Isochrysis sp. showed the largest proportions of n-3 PUFA also when maintained in the stationary phase (36.46%). Algae cultures contained higher percentages of n-3 PUFA during the logarithmic phase than in the stationary phase when the proportions of short-chain fatty acids increased. High levels of concentrated CO2 generally increased the content of long chain fatty acids from 17 carbon atoms onwards. The percentages of total n-3 and n-6 were higher than those recorded at low CO2 concentration. Similarly, the n-3/n-6 ratio was higher at the maximum CO2 concentration (logarithmic phase). During stationary phase the difference between the two groups was less apparent than that observed in the logarithmic one. The high CO2 addition exerted a significant and more favorable influence than the low supplementation on the C18:1, C20:0, C20:4n-6, and C22:6n-3 concentrations in both phases, in all four microalgae strains studied. 相似文献
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A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary threonine requirement of juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis . The basal diet was analyzed to contain 42% crude protein with a calculated digestible energy (DE) level of 3,200 kcal/kg. L-threonine was added to the basal diet to yield five dietary treatments of 0.61, 0.81, 1.00, 1.18, and 1.40% available threonine on a dry-matter basis. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and apparent nitrogen utilization (ANU) were significantly ( P < 0.05) affected by dietary threonine concentrations. Least-squares regression analysis of weight gain, SGR, FCR, and ANU indicated dietary threonine requirements (±SE) of 1.00 ± 0.19, 0.91 ± 0.11, 1.06 ± 0.09 and 1.13 ± 0.22% of dry diet, respectively. From these results, the average recommended dietary threonine requirement of juvenile striped bass is 1.03% of dry diet, 2.45% of dietary protein or 3.22 mg/kcal DE. 相似文献
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干露及淡水浸泡对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长和存活的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
于2004年3—5月研究了干露及淡水浸泡对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长及存活的影响。试验结果表明,(1)同种规格稚贝耐干露和淡水浸泡能力随着温度升高而下降;相同温度下,不同规格稚贝耐干露能力随规格的增加而增大,耐淡水浸泡能力在稚贝壳长9.5mm时,随规格增大而增大,当稚贝规格9.5mm时,耐淡水浸泡能力随规格的增大而减小。(2)经干露和淡水浸泡的稚贝在开始7d内生长缓慢,生长速度远不及未经处理的稚贝,7d后各种规格的稚贝生长明显加快,达到、甚至超过未经处理稚贝的生长速度,存在补偿生长现象。 相似文献
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Abstract. The influence of temperature on growth of European eels, Anguilla anguilla L., of various body sizes was studied. The mean weight of small eels (SE) (0·6g body weight) maintained at 23°C was significantly lower than that of SE maintained at 25°C or 27°C. No significant differences were found at the end of the experimental period between SE maintained at 25 and 27°C. Similar results were obtained among the moderate-size eels (ME) (l·5gbody weight). However, the average weight increase maintained at 25°C was significantly higher than that of large eels (LE) (3·25g body weight) maintained at 23 or 27°C. It seems that the optimum growth temperature for European eels is different at various stages in their growth and development. 相似文献
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Matthew R. Miller Siew‐Young Quek Kathrin Staehler Tim Nalder Michael A. Packer 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(10):1634-1647
The diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans is a microalgal species used as food for larva in aquaculture for many species worldwide. Chaetoceros calcitrans is an important source of omega 3 long chain (C ≥ 20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC PUFA), chiefly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3). This article reports lipid content, lipid class composition and fatty acid profiles of each lipid class during the growth cycle of batch cultures of C. calcitrans. Total lipid content and the concentration of neutral lipid were highest in the late stationary growth phase (day 12). However, the amount of EPA was highest during the logarithmic growth phase (1.24 pg/cell on day 4). EPA was initially concentrated in the glycolipid fraction, but this fraction decreased during logarithmic growth, coinciding with the increase in neutral lipid. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA) (0.91 pg/cell) was reported as a major fatty acid (>10 mg/100 g) in all lipid classes on day 1. DHA was depleted quickly from the neutral lipid and glycolipid classes, but at a slower rate from the polar lipid fraction. This work confirms that C. calcitrans is a good source of lipid, in particular EPA, for larval and adult filter feeders in aquaculture. 相似文献
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Effects of varying dietary protein and energy supply on growth, body composition and protein utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Diets formulated with increasing digestible energy (10–22 DE MJ kg−1 ) contents and decreasing digestible crude protein (DCP)/DE ratios (34–15 g MJ−1 ) were fed to triplicate groups of Sparus aurata in three consecutive trials. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation and voluntary feed intake was found to be dependent upon dietary DE content. Daily growth was regulated both by energy and protein intake and reached its maximum at high energy levels. Growth composition showed narrow limits regarding protein gain (157–190 g kg−1 ) and a wider range regarding lipid (55–210 g kg−1 ) deposition reflecting the dietary energy to protein supply. Energy utilization for growth was constant at a value of 0.50 regardless of energy intake. Efficiency of protein utilization for growth varied between 0.33 and 0.60 depending on the DCP/DE ratio in the diet. The optimal protein utilization for protein deposition was found to be at 0.47. These values allow daily energy and protein requirements for growing S. aurata to be quantified. This demonstrates that the optimal dietary DCP/DE supply changes with fish size, growth potential and daily feed intake. 相似文献
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The ichthyotoxicity and toxin composition of a red-tide producing chloromonad Fibrocapsa japonica (Toriumi and Takano) were examined. The flagellate showed the highest toxicity in mid-logarithmic phase and the lowest in the stationary phase with increased number of spherical-shaped cells. Five neurotoxic components, FjTx-I, FjTx-II, FjTx-IIIa, FjTx-IIIb and FjTx-IV, which corresponded to brevetoxin components, PbTx-1, PbTx-2, PbTx-9, PbTx-3 and oxidized PbTx-2 were tentatively identified from analysis of F. japonica toxins on TLC and HPLC. The quantity of each component fluctuated with the age and growth stage of the culture. Among the five toxic components the yield of FjTx-II per cell was highest in both logarithmic and stationary phases. 相似文献