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1.
High zinc diet of 2000 mg kg–1 was fed to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) for 8 weeks to compare the accumulation of Zn in fish. It was found that accumulation of zinc from diet by grass carp and tilapia was low when compared to common carp. The largest difference occurred in digestive tract tissue. The digestive tract tissue of common carp had a large pool of stored zinc, the mean storable capacity is about 1500 g Zn g–1 fresh tissue, and the time needed to saturate the tissue when feeding 2000 mg Zn kg–1 diet is about 8 weeks. The accumulated Zn in the digestive tract tissue of common carp was released when the dietary Zn was reduced to normal level (50 mg kg–1) or deficient level (4 mg kg–1) for 4 weeks.Subcellular fractionation results indicate that Zn accumulated in digestive tract tissue of common carp was accumulated mainly in the nuclei/cell debris fraction. Exposure to a high Zn diet induced some metallothionein-like substance in the digestive tract tissue and the hepatopancreas of common carp, but the amount was very low when compared with the amount of Zn accumulated in the nuclei/cell debris fraction.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT:   The distribution of zinc (Zn) concentration in the blood and erythrocytes of common carp, grass carp, silver carp and tilapia was studied. It was found that in whole blood, the average Zn concentrations in these four species of fish (approx. 6–14 μg/[ml whole blood]) were relatively similar to those in other species of fish and mammals. However, the mean Zn concentration in the erythrocytes of common carp is approximately two times higher than the other three species of fish (approx. 5 vs approx. 2 μg/[ml whole blood]). It was found that approximately 70% of the Zn in the common carp whole blood came from its erythrocytes. In addition, approximately 43% of the Zn in the erythrocytes of common carp was found to be located on its outer plasma membranes. When an antibody against a 43 kDa Zn-binding protein, isolated from the digestive tract tissue of common carp, was used, significant quantities of the protein were shown to be present on the erythrocyte plasma membranes of common carp by an indirect immunofluorescent staining. High Zn on the outer plasma membrane of the common carp erythrocyte most probably comes from the 43 kDa Zn-binding protein.  相似文献   

3.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the blood plasma parameters and the content of microcystins in the tissues of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) in relation to the toxic cyanobacterial water bloom. Fish (average body mass 2176±697 g) in the hypertrophic pond were exposed to natural water bloom (dominated by Planktothrix agardhii, Pseudanabaena limnetica and Limnothrix redekei ), which contained microcystins (concentration in biomass 20–181 μg g−1 dry wt, concentration in water 0.3–9.5 μg L−1). Biochemical parameters in fish blood plasma were analysed in 89 fish at 14-day intervals during the whole season (nine sampling periods). Our results demonstrated high variability and fluctuations in the investigated parameters. The content of microcystins and density of cyanobacterial cells correlated with some haematological indices as lipase, alanine–aminotransferase, albumin, magnesium and chlorides. The concentrations of microcystins in the muscle and liver of the fish (determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer) were below the limit of detection during the monitored period [0.31 ng g−1 fresh weight (f.w.) for the liver and 0.13 ng g−1 f.w. for muscle]. Our study demonstrates that although known cyanobacterial toxin microcystins were not detected in the fish tissues, several biochemical parameters important for the fish physiology were modulated by natural cyanobacterial bloom.  相似文献   

4.
This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different sources of selenium (Se) on growth, muscle Se concentration, muscle proximate composition, blood enzymes and antioxidant status of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Organic Se (selenomethionine, SeMet), inorganic Se (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3), or nanoselenium were each added to the basal diet at 0.7 mg Se kg?1 diet. Four groups of fish with an average weight of 9.69 ± 0.12 g were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Nano‐Se diet resulted in better growth performance (P < 0.05). Fish fed with Se‐supplemented diets showed a higher (P < 0.05) Se content in the muscle and liver tissues. Fish fed nano‐Se had the highest liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (P < 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde level was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano‐Se diets as compared to control. The carp fed on nano‐Se diet had the lowest values of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in fish fed on SeMet and nano‐Se diets. This study shows that nano‐Se acts more efficiently on growth performance and antioxidant defence system of common carp than organic and inorganic sources of Se.  相似文献   

5.
胶原蛋白部分替代鱼粉饲养异育银鲫的试验   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
进行了两个试验以评价水产饲料中胶原蛋白替代鱼粉的效果。生长试验是在基础饲料(对照组,含鱼粉12%)中分别以2%、4%胶原蛋白等重量替代鱼粉饲养平均体重6.5g的异育银鲫(共315尾)35d,各组鱼体增重率分别为71.3%,70.9%,71.9%,各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05);消化试验是采用平均体重110g的异育银鲫,按套算法测定了异育银鲫对胶原蛋白的蛋白质消化率为97.3%。研究结果表明,胶原蛋白具有很高的消化吸收率,可部分替代鱼粉而对异育银鲫的增重无影响。  相似文献   

6.
Abstract –  Induced morphological defences, where individuals develop morphological structures as a response to signals from sympatric predators, are common among invertebrates. Such defences have also been reported in a freshwater fish, the crucian carp Carassius carassius . In crucian carp, the presence of piscivorous fish presumably induces the development of a deep body as a defence mechanism. We tested how the growth rate (in body depth, length and mass) of individually tagged crucian carp responds to pike Esox lucius odours and control water. In general, crucian carp exposed to pike odour grew better (both in length and mass) than control fish. The treatment crucian carp also developed deeper bodies than control crucian carp. Further, there was a strong positive relationship between individual growth rate and the rate of change in body depth and this relationship did not differ between control and treatment fish.  相似文献   

7.
几种鲤、鲫鱼腹膜色素细胞的初步观察   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
徐伟  曹顶臣  李池陶 《水产学杂志》2005,18(1):66-68,F003
通过普通鲫、普通鲤、红鲫、荷包红鲤、水晶彩鲫和锦鲤的腹膜脏层和腹膜壁层色素细胞观察,腹膜脏层分布有黑色素细胞,其中普通鲫致密完整,普通鲤和红鲫密集均匀,水晶彩鲫和锦鲤缺失,荷包红鲤完全缺失;腹膜壁层分布有鸟粪素细胞,除水晶彩鲫缺失,其它品种致密完整。  相似文献   

8.
A 76‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of Lysine and Methionine supplementation on growth and digestive capacity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed plant protein diets using high‐level canola meal (CM). Fish with initial average weight 103.9 ± 0.6 g were fed three extruded diets. Fish meal (FM) diet was formulated as the normal control with 40 g kg?1 FM and 300 g kg?1 CM; CM diet was prepared by replacing all FM with CM (total 340 g kg?1) without Lys or Met supplementation; CM supplement (CMS) diet was similar to CM diet but was supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) to ensure the levels of Lys and Met similar to those in the FM diet. Feed intake, feed efficiency and specific growth rate of the grass carp fed CMS and FM diets were similar (P > 0.05), but higher than those of the grass carp fed CM diet (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, relative gut length, intestosomatic index and intestinal folds height were significantly improved in fish fed FM and CMS diets as compared to CM diet (P < 0.05). Lower activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed CM diet (P < 0.05). Three hundred and forty gram per kilogram CM without Lys or Met supplementation significantly decreased trypsin, lipase and amylase mRNA levels in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the high supply of CM (340 g kg?1) in plant protein (200 g kg?1 soybean meal and 100 g kg?1 cottonseed meal) diets decreased digestive ability through decreasing digestive enzyme activities and enzyme gene's expressions of grass carp, and these side effects can be reversed by supplementing Lys and Met. Therefore, CM could be high level used in a plant protein blend‐based extruded diet for grass carp as long as EAA were supplemented.  相似文献   

9.
The thermal resistance traits of three clonal lines of the silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii (SCC-1, -2 and -3) were investigated. Individual juvenile fish reared at 20°C were exposed to thermal stress at 36.5 ± 0.5°C and their death times during this exposure were measured. The death times of SCC-2 and SCC-3 fish were 66.6 ± 31.2 and 144.7 ± 49.8 min, respectively. In contrast, all SCC-1 fish survived under these conditions. Furthermore, the thermal sensitivity of primary culture cells from each clone was determined at 37, 40 or 43°C by the Trypan blue assay. Under all treatment conditions, the thermal sensitivity of the SCC-1 primary cultures was lower than those of the others. These results estimated the correlation between the in vivo and in vitro thermal resistances. Therefore, the use of primary culture cells to evaluate thermal resistance could be a useful method of selection breeding.  相似文献   

10.
牛磺酸对鲫鱼蛋白质消化吸收的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
选用牛磺酸作为饲料添加剂,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的剂量将牛磺酸添加到基础饲料中,以基础饲料为对照饲喂鲫鱼(45￣52g)15d后,测定蛋白质消化吸收率。结果表明:牛磺酸可以显著提高鲫鱼对蛋白质的消化吸收率(P<0.05),其中,添加0.60%组效果最佳,比对照组提高6.65%。蛋白质消化率的提高,是牛磺酸促进鱼体生长速度加快的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

11.
In order to investigate the possible influence of estrogenic environmental endocrine disruptors on the reproductive activity of fish in Lake Kasumigaura, plasma levels of vitellogenin (VTG), a biomarker of estrogen exposure, were measured in wild and cultured male common carp Cyprinus carpio and wild crucian carp Carassius cuvieri . Testicular histology and plasma steroid hormone levels were also examined. Fish were collected from June 1998 to August 1999. Plasma VTG levels in most fish examined were below a detection limit (40 ng/mL) throughout the sampling period, and a small amount of VTG (43.5 ng/mL–1680 ng/mL) compared to that in females was detected in some fish. Active spermatogenesis in the testis and increased levels of plasma sex steroids were observed in most of the fish examined. Thus, no marked influence of estrogenic chemicals was detected in the reproductive activity of male common carp and crucian carp in Lake Kasumigaura collected from the sampling sites in the present investigation.  相似文献   

12.
徐伟 《水产学报》2005,29(3):339-343
利用人工授精的方法,进行水晶彩鲫、红鲫、锦鲤和荷包红鲤的相互杂交试验,测定各个杂交组合子代的成活率、生长速度和体色分离比例。结果表明：4种鱼能够相互杂交受精,孵出鱼苗。孵化率锦鲤自交最低为46．4％,其它组合为70％～80％;杂交鱼苗经28d的人工饲养,水晶彩鲫与荷包红鲤、锦鲤的正、反杂交,同其它杂交组合比较有明显的差别,其生长速度慢,个体之间差异大,成活率低;杂交子代的体型分为3类：鲫鱼型、鲤鱼型和鲤鲫型。鳞片反光组织(虹彩细胞或鸟粪素细胞)为2类：完全型、缺失型。体色分离复杂多样,水晶彩鲫与红鲫杂交是水晶彩鲫,红鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交是青灰色鲤鲫杂种,水晶彩鲫与锦鲤、荷包红鲤杂交都会出现水晶彩色和青灰色鲤鲫杂种。  相似文献   

13.
An 11‐week growth trial was conducted to determine dietary myo‐inositol (MI) requirement for juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Myo‐inositol was supplemented to the basal diet to formulate six purified diets containing 1, 56, 107, 146, 194 and 247 mg MI kg?1 diet, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile gibel carp (initial body weight 3.38 ± 0.27 g, mean ± SD) in a flow‐through system. The diets were randomly assigned to different fish tanks. Fish fed ≥ 107 mg MI kg?1 diet had significantly higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio than those fed 1 mg MI kg?1 diet. Fish fed ≥ 56 mg MI kg?1 diet had higher feeding rate and survival compared with fish fed 1 mg MI kg?1 diet. Dietary supplemental inositol did not affect fish liver inositol concentration. Fish fed ≥ 56 mg MI kg?1 diet had higher body dry matter, crude protein and gross energy and lower hepatosomatic index than fish fed 1 mg MI kg?1 diet. Dietary inositol supplementation decreased fish body ash. Quadratic regression of weight gain indicated that the myo‐inositol requirement to maximum growth for juvenile gibel carp was 165.3 mg MI kg?1 diet.  相似文献   

14.
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢消化酶活性的研究   总被引：94，自引：6，他引：94  
鳜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢肝脏蛋白酶活性低于肠蛋白酶。肠蛋白酶活性，鳜鱼最高，其余依次为青鱼、鲤、鲢、草鱼、鲫。鳜鱼、鲢的肠蛋白酶活性由前肠向后肠递减；而青鱼、鲤、草鱼的则由前肠向后肠递增；鲫则中肠活性最低。六种鱼不同组织的脂肪酶活性因鱼而异。青鱼、鳜鱼、鲤、鲢肝脏中脂肪酶活性低于肠脂肪酶活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而草鱼和鲫肝脏中脂肪酶活性与肠脂肪酶活性差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。六种鱼肝脏中脂肪酶活性由高到低依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲫＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲤；肠脂肪酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲢＞青鱼＞鲤＞草鱼＞鲫。脂肪酶活性与鱼类食性无明显相关性。不同组织间淀粉酶活性存在差异。鳜鱼的肝脏和肠均有较高淀粉酶活性，青鱼和鲫肝脏中淀粉酶活性低于肠中的；草鱼、鲤和鲢肝脏中淀粉酶活性高于肠中的，但差异不显著。六种鱼中鳜鱼的肝脏淀粉酶活性明显高于其它五种无胃鱼，它们的淀粉酶活性顺序依次为鳜鱼＞鲢＞鲤＞草鱼＞青鱼＞鲫；肠淀粉酶活性顺序为鳜鱼＞鲫＞鲤＞青鱼＞鲢＞草鱼。  相似文献   

15.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inulin on growth performance, diet utilization, survival rate, carcass composition and digestive enzymes activities (amylase, lipase and protease) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry (0.55 ± 0.02 g). After acclimation, fish were allocated into 9 tanks (40 fish per tank) and triplicate fish groups were fed, control diet (0 g) or diets containing 5 g and 10 g inulin kg?1 for 7 weeks. No significant effect on growth performance and diet utilization of fish fed inulin compared with the control group was observed. However, supplementation of inulin significantly increased survival rate and carcass lipid content, while carcass protein content significantly decreased. Dietary inulin had no significant effects on digestive lipase, protease and amylase activities.  相似文献   

16.
To separate the connective tissue cells expressing the 43-kDa zinc-binding protein from the common carp, mucosa of the digestive tract of the fish was removed by scraping with a glass slide, and the de-mucosa tissue was digested with a collagenase type IV solution. The cells collected from the collagenase-treated suspension were rather homogeneous, and more than 90% of the cells were round with a diameter of approximately 6 μm. Significant quantities of the 43kDa zinc-binding protein were shown to be present on the cell surface of the approximately 6-μm cells. The mean zinc concentration in the cells was found to be 2.21 μg zinc/106 cells, which is approximately 20—30 times higher than that found in the other three fish species (grass carp, silver carp, tilapia), studied. The present work may provide a basis for the culture of these cells.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT:   Zinc (Zn) concentration in the digestive tract of common carp is always >10 times higher than most animal tissues. In a previous paper, it was reported that this high Zn came from a 43 kDa Zn-binding membrane protein. In this present study it was further found that in the digestive tract of common carp, Zn content was closely associated with the amounts of extracellular macromolecules. The higher the Zn content, the more there is of collagen and glycosaminoglycans. An indirect immunoperoxidase staining method using antibody against the 43 kDa Zn-binding protein, or the fibroblast marker (Thy 1.1 protein) was applied to the sections of digestive tract of fish. It was found that the Zn-binding protein in the digestive tract of common carp is mainly located in the connective tissue of its lamina propria and submucosal layer. Connective tissue cells, probably fibroblasts, hold the 43 kDa Zn-binding protein. In the common carp Zn might be bound to the external side of the fibroblast. The present finding may have a significant meaning on extending the studies of Zn in biology to the field of Zn with extracellular matrix.  相似文献   

18.
进行了二个试验考察饲料中添加晶体或包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和血清游离氨基酸水平的影响。试验Ⅰ设计了鱼粉含量为18%和9%的两种基础饲料(分别为高鱼粉对照组、低鱼粉对照组),在低鱼粉对照组中分别添加晶体形式、环糊精包膜、淀粉包膜的赖氨酸0.23%、蛋氯酸0.09%,饲养平均体重2.48 g的异育银鲫鱼种6周。结果表明,高鱼粉对照组、低鱼粉对照组、晶体氨基酸组、环糊精包膜氨基酸组、淀粉包膜氨基酸组的鱼体增重率分别为214.3%、169.8%、173.3%、204.7%、203.2%,与低鱼粉对照组相比,添加晶体氨基酸对异育银鲫的生长无改善(P>0.10),但添加环糊精包膜或淀粉包膜氨基酸提高了鱼体增重率20.5%、19.7%(P<0.05),饲料系数下降0.40、0.39(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ在鱼粉含量为6%的基础饲料分别添加晶体形式、环糊精包膜、淀粉包膜的赖氨酸0.20%、蛋氨酸0.08%,在异育银鲫成鱼(平均体重220 g)摄食上述4种饲料后1、3、5、12h,尾静脉采血测定血清游离氨基酸浓度,结果表明,添加晶体氨基酸使血清游离氨基酸的吸收峰值提前,相对于晶体氨基酸而言,环糊精包膜或淀粉包膜氨基酸则使血清游离氨基酸的吸收峰值出现不同程度的延迟。上述研究表明,晶体氨基酸经环糊精、淀粉包膜处理后,其在消化道的吸收速度减缓,可利用性显著提高。  相似文献   

19.
在水温18℃下研究了三种复方中药（AB、CD、AH）作为饲料免疫添加剂对体质量（44.6±0.2）g 1＋龄健康鲫（Carassius auratus）血清、肝胰脏和脾脏中溶菌酶活性的影响。试验鱼分为3组,每天按体质量的2.0%分别投喂添加了3种中药复方的饲料,对照组投喂基础饲料,每组均设相同数量的鱼做平行,连续饲喂28 d,停食1d后采集血液及组织样品,测定溶菌酶活性。结果显示：3种复方中药都能提高鲫体内溶菌酶活性。其中AB组提高血清中溶菌酶活性效果显著,AB、CD组对肝胰脏中溶菌酶活性的提升效果显著,3种复方中药对鲫脾脏中溶菌酶活性的提升均效果显著,说明3种复方中药均可增强鲫免疫力,有进一步研究和应用的价值,但对不同组织溶菌酶活性的影响不同,提示中药作用效果和机理的差异。  相似文献   

20.
Four diets (T0–T3) were formulated reducing the fishmeal (Indian) component by 100 g kg–1 from 300 to 0 g kg–1 and including proportionately increasing quantities of maize. Diets were fed for 120 days at 50 g kg–1 body weight to triplicate groups of common carp (av. wt. 2.11–2.18 g) stocked at 1 m–2 in mud bottomed cement tanks (18 m2), fertilized with poultry manure. Fish growth, SGR and FCR in the different treatments were statistically not significantly different ( P  > 0.05). PER was lowest for the 300 g fishmeal kg–1 diet treatment (diet T0), increasing with decrease in dietary fishmeal content (diets T1–T3). Fish survival ranged from 96.29 to 100%. Diets influenced carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity. A significant increase in lipid deposition was recorded with increasing dietary carbohydrate content. Amylase, protease and lipase activities were higher in fish fed with diets T2 and T3. The protein sparing effect of dietary carbohydrate and the economic implication of eliminating fishmeal from the diet are discussed.  相似文献   

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