共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
研究了不同温度(10~17℃、15~17℃和20℃)对不同规格(平均壳高分别为831.7μm、3.2mm和26.7mm)虾夷扇贝干露耐受性的影响。试验结果表明,同种规格虾夷扇贝的干露耐受性随温度升高而降低;不同规格中,以平均壳高为831.7μm的稚贝对干露耐受性最高。在起始温度15℃和10℃干露条件下,20h以前,壳高3.2mm虾夷扇贝的成活率与壳高26.7mm的成活率差异不显著(P0.05),但壳高3.2mm虾夷扇贝成活率略低于壳高26.7mm虾夷扇贝的成活率,20h后,壳高3.2mm虾夷扇贝的干露成活率显著高于壳高26.7mm虾夷扇贝的成活率(P0.05)。本研究结果对不同规格虾夷扇贝苗种运输时的策略制定具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
2.
分别对海湾扇贝、虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝的3种血细胞胞内酶：碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POD)、酚氧化酶(PO)进行了免疫细胞化学研究,并对血细胞酶反应阳性率作了统计。结果表明,3种扇贝血细胞ALP阳性率相差不大,海湾扇贝为46．6％,虾夷扇贝为42．4％,栉孔扇贝为36．8％;3种扇贝血细胞POD阳性率相差较大,栉孔扇贝阳性率高达50．2％,海湾扇贝为44．2％,虾夷扇贝仅为17．2％。3种扇贝血细胞PO孵育反应后,由于海湾扇贝、虾夷扇贝PO反应活性很低,瑞氏染液复染后,无法区分阴性、阳性细胞。实验中仅对栉孔扇贝PO阳性率进行了统计,栉孔扇贝血细胞PO阳性率为39．3％。 相似文献
3.
近几年,由于虾夷扇贝地播增养殖面积的不断扩大,苗种的需求量也随之增大,如何提高虾夷扇贝的中间暂养育成率,是目前各育成单位比较关注的一件大事。下面就如何提高虾夷扇贝海上育成率谈几点意见。 一、育成海区的选择及自然条件 虾夷扇贝的自然分布水深为6—60米,底质为砂砾底,而虾夷扇贝均属狭盐狭温的冷水性动物,故海区的选择应综合性的考虑。 1.水流与水深:暂养选用海区,要考虑水流通畅,无工业污染,有少量的淡水注入。水深应视暂养水层而定,应保持在低潮时5米以上。同时要考虑风浪较小的安全地带。 相似文献
4.
高温对虾夷扇贝体腔液免疫酶活力的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
在实验室内检测了虾夷扇贝对高温突变的耐受能力及在不同高温水平下的存活与相关免疫酶活力.实验分两个阶段:实验Ⅰ,15℃暂养的虾夷扇贝分别被驯化到20、22、24及26℃,检测虾夷扇贝的存活及相关免疫指标.结果表明,15～22℃处理组虾夷扇贝存活率均大于85.21％,且组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),26℃处理组存活率最低,为26.33％.随温度升高,虾夷扇贝体腔液中T-AOC和MDA含量变化显著(P＜0.05),SOD活力差异不显著(P＞0.05),CAT活力随温度升高呈先下降后上升趋势.实验Ⅱ,15℃暂养的虾夷扇贝分别被放到20、22、24及26℃,并在1、2、4、8、12、24、48和96 h时检测其存活和相关免疫指标.结果显示,经96 h胁迫,15 ～ 24℃处理组间虾夷扇贝的存活率无显著差异(P＞0.05),且均大于82.29％,但26℃处理组虾夷扇贝在经12h胁迫后,其存活率降为0.2龄虾夷扇贝在8、12、24、48和96 h半致死温度(LT50)分别为27.52、24.41、24.37、24.24和23.81℃. 相似文献
5.
不同海藻磨碎液对两种扇贝生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《渔业现代化》2015,(3)
为研究不同海藻如孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)、角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)和裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)碎屑对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)在暂养阶段的生长和发育的影响。用海洋微藻——微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.)作为对比和混合性饵料,7种饵料组分别为微绿球藻、孔石莼碎屑、孔石莼碎屑+微绿球藻、角叉菜碎屑、角叉菜碎屑+微绿球藻、裙带菜碎屑、裙带菜碎屑+微绿球藻。栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝暂养35 d后,结果显示,投喂孔石莼碎屑+微绿球藻的饵料处理组,两种扇贝性腺发育均优于其它饵料处理组。其中,栉孔扇贝的性腺湿重、干重和灰分重的指数增长量分别为0.034±0.003、0.041±0.003和0.155±0.004,显著高于其它饵料组;虾夷扇贝的性腺湿重、干重和灰分重的指数增长量分别为0.067±0.001、0.013±0.001、0.067±0.004,同样显著高于其它饵料组。此外,投喂孔石莼碎屑+微绿球藻饵料处理组的两种扇贝的亲体增重效果也明显优于其它饵料处理组。研究表明,孔石莼磨碎液与微绿球藻混合,可有效促进栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝的性腺发育和体重增长,在扇贝暂养培养阶段可作为替代饵料与单胞藻混合使用。 相似文献
6.
栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝杂交及子一代的遗传性状 总被引：32，自引：7，他引：25
20 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年在山东省长岛增殖站进行了以栉孔扇贝为母本与虾夷扇贝为父本 (正交 )、虾夷扇贝为母本与栉孔扇贝为父本 (反交 )、栉孔扇贝自交、虾夷扇贝自交的苗种培育 ,并在同一海区进行了养殖试验。结果表明 ,水温 15～ 18℃条件下 ,正、反交均可正常受精 ,受精率在 90 %以上 ,与对照组没有明显差别 ;成体的外部形态与母本基本相同 ,是偏向母本类型的异源二倍体 ;正交组在第 2年高水温季节栉孔扇贝出现大量死亡的情况下 ,成活率达 95 % ,生长速度提高 2 3% ,反交组在苗种中间暂养和养殖过程中的成活率比虾夷扇贝提高 16 % ,生长速度未见显著差别 ;正、反交子一代生殖腺发育正常 ,可排放精、卵。试验证明 ,栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂的杂交子一代 ,外部形态虽与栉孔扇贝基本相同 ,但显著提高了栉孔扇贝的生产性能尤其是抗逆能力 ,远缘杂交育种是解决栉孔扇贝大面积死亡的重要途径之一 ,其杂交子一代已经具有生产使用价值。 相似文献
7.
虾夷扇贝的捕后处置对闭壳肌的硬化产生重大影响,而硬化又是影响闭壳肌生食品质的重要因素。为延长虾夷扇贝死后硬化发生时间,通过宰杀前暂养,缓解捕后胁迫对后期闭壳肌贮藏特性的影响。将采捕后的虾夷扇贝分为3组(对照组、暂养3 d组和暂养7 d组),然后去壳取闭壳肌进行0~7 d冰藏,分析闭壳肌在贮藏过程中的僵直情况、ATP关联物、K值、p H值、糖原及水溶性蛋白等指标的变化。结果显示,不论是否经过暂养,冰藏3 d内K值均低于5%,可以满足生食要求。经过暂养,闭壳肌中ATP的含量略有升高,暂养7 d组暂养3 d组对照组。在贮藏0~2 d内,暂养组的ATP含量基本保持不变,可抑制肌肉收缩并减少汁液流失。暂养组的糖原含量和水溶性蛋白含量低于对照组。研究表明,30 ku蛋白在暂养组中的消失时间比对照组提前了1~2 d。扇贝采捕过程中应尽可能减少胁迫,采捕后应尽快加工,以免影响商品的品质及货架期。 相似文献
8.
本试验研究了密闭和开放条件下,温度等因子对于露虾夷扇贝幼贝成活率的影响。试验结果表明：密闭条件下,低温可提高干露幼贝成活率,20℃组5小时内成活率高于90％,两低温组成活率15小时时高于或接近90％,5小时与15小时可作为不同温度条件运输幼贝的时间上限。开放干露时在气温相似情况下,室内组2小时成活率100％,4小时之前成活率高于90％,此后成活率迅速下降,至12小时全部死亡;室外组1小时成活率100％,2小时成活率低于80％,6小时全部死亡。在气温25-26℃条件下,室内干露时间不应超过4小时,海上分苗操作时干露时间控制在1小时以内。本研究结果对虾夷扇贝幼贝运输方式及分苗操作方法的确定具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
9.
实验室内营造了20℃、22℃、24℃及26℃四个不同高温水平处理组,将在15℃(对照组)暂养的虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)分别驯化到相应温度下(升温幅度1℃/d),并饲养7 d。然后采用组织学方法研究了不同高温水平下虾夷扇贝鳃的组织结构变化特征。结果显示,15℃时鳃小瓣厚度显著高于20℃、22℃、24℃和26℃下的鳃小瓣厚度,且在同一温度下,虾夷扇贝的鳃小瓣外鳃的厚度显著高于内鳃。15℃时虾夷扇贝鳃丝的宽度最大,为40.41μm,显著高于20℃、22℃、26℃时鳃丝宽度(P0.05),另外,20℃和22处理组,虾夷扇贝鳃丝宽度差异不显著(P0.05)。15℃时虾夷扇贝丝间隔宽度最大,为36.39μm,显著高于22℃、26℃时丝间隔宽度(P0.01)。24℃时,鳃小腔与鳃间隔扩张明显。由此可见,高温对虾夷扇贝鳃的组织结构影响显著。 相似文献
10.
11.
青海湖裸鲤肾细胞的原代培养和传代培养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用组织块移植培养技术,用RPMI 1640培养基对来源于青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)肾组织的细胞进行原代培养。结果显示:培养48 h可见组织块周围有细胞迁出,并形成生长晕;培养一周可形成单层细胞;对原代培养的单层细胞用胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化后,传代培养至第四代。实验初步确立青海湖裸鲤肾细胞培养条件为:培养基RPMI 1640,培养温度为27℃,pH值为7.0~7.5,原代培养血清浓度为20%,传代培养的血清浓度为10%,无需通入CO2。 相似文献
12.
Rajendra Phartyal L. Bibekananda Singh S. V. Goswami Neeta Sehgal 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):241-245
Vitellogenin is a female-specific calcium-binding glycolipophosphoprotein synthesized in the hepatocytes of fishes. Its synthesis
can be induced in fishes of either sex by estradiol or by xenoestrogens. To study the in vitro synthesis of vitellogenin,
different culture conditions were set up using the hepatocytes of Clarias gariepinus. The present study reports on a non-enzymatic procedure for isolation and culture of hepatocytes from the liver of the catfish
Clarias gariepinus, in order to study the effects of estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis in vitro. The procedure employs chelating properties
of ethylenediamine tetracetic acid to achieve cell viability in excess of 95%. Equal numbers of isolated cells were incubated
in different culture media viz. RPMI F1640, Medium-199, and Williams’ Medium E. At 36 h, cell attachment and monolayer formation
is faster in M-199 and Williams’ Medium E than in RPMI. In order to study the effects of estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis,
the isolated hepatocytes were seeded in Williams’ Medium E in 24-well cell culture plates. 17 β-estradiol (E2) was introduced in the culture plates at different concentrations and for different time periods. The media were assayed
for vitellogenin using competitive ELISA. Vitellogenin appeared in the medium after 48 h of incubation with 10−5 M estradiol whereas after 72 h of incubation 5×10−7 M E2 could elicit the synthesis. 相似文献
13.
Delano D. Schleder Mirian Kayser Simone Sühnel Jaime F. Ferreira Guilherme S. Rupp Margherita A. Barracco 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):256-263
The cultivation of scallops Nodipecten nodosus is a promising activity emerging in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to characterize the immune system of N. nodosus and evaluate the modulation of some hemato-immunological parameters during the reproductive cycle, in association with an astaxanthin-enriched diet. It was hypothesized that a supplementation on astaxanthin could enhance scallop immune system and minimize stress of reproduction. Scallops were separated in different groups: juveniles (J), adults (A), sexually mature (M), and recently spawned (S) animals. The last two groups were fed standard (M and S) or astaxanthin-enriched (Ma and Sa) diets. Scallop hemolymph contained two hemocyte populations: hyaline (HH) and granular hemocytes (GH). Antimicrobial peptides, similar to mussel defensins and mytilins, were found by immunodetection within the GH granules, even though the scallop hemolymph did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against different bacteria, including marine vibrios. Scallop hemocytes were able to phagocytose zymosan and produce reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI–NBT reduction). The number of circulating hemocytes (Neubauer chamber) varied from 12 to 26.106 cells mL− 1, and the GH was always the predominant cell type (67–99%). The plasma of N. nodosus contained lectins, specific to galactose and sialoconjugates, and their agglutinating activity was partially calcium-dependent. A phenoloxidase (PO) activity (146–446 U min− 1 mg− 1) was observed in the scallop hemolymph. However, this activity was not induced by trypsin or components of microorganism surface, and was strongly enhanced by alkaline pH (≥ 8.5). The total protein concentration of the plasma varied from 240 to 660 μg mL− 1. In general terms, all examined hemato-immunological parameters (hemograms, superoxide anion production, PO activity, lectin titers and total protein concentration) had a similar profile during all the scallop reproductive cycle. Their levels increased significantly from juveniles to adults (except PO activity), and declined markedly (immune depletion) in the sexually mature scallops. After spawning, the animals had a tendency to recover the standard levels of their immune parameters. Apparently, the astaxanthin-enriched diet had no effect on the tested immune parameters except for a slight influence on the scallop immune-oxidative reactions (ROI production). The results obtained in this study suggested the occurrence of a general immune depletion in the sexually mature scallops, confirming that the reproductive stage is a critical period in scallop life. 相似文献
14.
圆背角无齿蚌损伤后血细胞的吞噬活性 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
模拟人工育珠手术对圆背角无齿蚌外套膜进行务后,研究了其血细胞在０～２５ｄ对荧光极毛杆菌的吞噬活性的变化。结果发现,圆背角无齿蚌４种血细胞中有吞噬能力的主要是颗粒细胞和无颗粒细胞。手术蚌血细胞的吞噬活性从手术后１０天起有了显著升高,在第２０天时达到最大,而后开始下降;血清对手术蚌和对照蚌血细胞的吞噬都具有调理作用。 相似文献
15.
R.P. Briggs 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1978,15(4):307-318
The hypothesis that mixed culture of C. gigas and O. edulis accelerates growth in the latter is disproved. A comparative assessment of scallop culturing lanterns, imported from Japan, and traditional wood and plastic oyster trays demonstrated the superiority of lantern grown oysters. Oysters grown by this method had higher dry meat condition indices and higher levels of glycogen, protein and fat than those grown by other methods. The results obtained are attributed to a better flow of water through lanterns compared with the other tray types investigated. A cost analysis of the three culture methods demonstrated the economic feasibility of scallop lanterns for oyster cultivation. 相似文献
16.
为了研究虾夷扇贝浮筏养殖自然稀疏效应和科学养殖密度,2009年8月—2010年7月,对不同密度梯度的3个贝龄虾夷扇贝进行浮筏养殖现场实验。在自然稀疏条件下,逐月调查浮筏养殖不同贝龄的虾夷扇贝壳长生长、湿重增长和累计死亡率,并估算了适宜的扇贝浮筏养殖密度。结果表明,在不同养殖密度条件下,3 个贝龄扇贝周年壳长生长都没有显著差异;1龄贝壳长增长最快,年均增长29.53 mm;2龄贝壳长年均增长23.50 mm;3龄贝壳长增长较慢,年均增长15.47 mm;3个贝 龄扇贝周年湿重增长都没有显著差异,3龄贝和2龄贝湿重增长较快,3龄贝的年均增长约54.07 g,2龄贝的年均增长约37.80 g,1龄贝的年均增长约14.69 g;2 龄贝、3龄贝各养殖密度梯度之间累计死亡率都没有显著差异,3龄贝死亡率介于76.30%～83.33%,2龄贝死亡率介于88.89%～91.78%,养殖密度为150个/层的1龄贝与80个/层和50个/层的1龄贝累计死亡率差异显著。依据自然稀疏模型,浮筏养殖适宜密度3龄贝为4～5个/层;2龄贝为8～16个/层,1龄贝为29～124个/层。 相似文献
17.
18.
栉孔扇贝大规模死亡致病病原的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对2000-2002年山东沿海6个疫区患病栉孔扇贝进行电镜观察，在消化腺、外套膜、肾和肠的结缔组织细胞和间质细胞中发现一种球形病毒．并引起相直的病理学变化。该病毒具囊膜，直径为130～170nm，核衣壳直径为90～140nm。病毒分离纯化后．观察到的病毒囊膜表面覆有长20nm的纤突。病毒在细胞质中的囊泡样结构内完成装配，其内未发现包涵体存在。从发病疫区栉孔扇贝组织中分离出病毒毒种对键康扇贝进行人工感染。结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝表现出与自然海区发病扇贝相同的临床症状。病毒注射组死r二率为?5％，病毒浸浴组死亡率为68．7％．灭活病毒注射组和空白对照组死亡率皆为12．5％。病毒注射、浸浴组与灭活病毒注射组、空白对照组死亡率差异显著。电镜复检结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝组织中分布有大量病毒粒子，与自然海区发病扇贝组织所观察到的病毒粒子在形态特征和病理学特征上完全一致。以上结果证明，病毒是导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的直接病原。 相似文献
19.
Marco Paredes Katerina Gonzalez Jaime Figueroa Enrique Montiel-Eulefi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(5):1215-1221
The in vitro and in vivo effect of prolactin (PRL) on kidney macrophages from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was investigated under the assumption that PRL stimulates immune innate response in mammals. Kidney macrophages were treated two ways: first, cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL of PRL and second, isolated from a fish with a PRL-injected dose of 100 ng/Kg. Reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (formazan) was used to produce intracellular superoxide anion. Phagocytic activity of PRL was determined in treated cells by optical microscopy observation of phagocytized Congo red-stained yeast. Kidney lysozyme activity was measured in PRL-injected fish. In vitro and in vivo macrophages treated with PRL presented an enhanced superoxide anion production, elevated phagocytic index and increased phagocytic activity. Treated fish showed higher levels of lysozyme activity in the head kidney compared to the control. These results indicate that PRL-stimulated innate immune response in Atlantic salmon and future studies will allow us to assess the possibility of using PRL as an immunostimulant in the Chilean salmon industry. 相似文献
20.
Zonghe Yu Baozhong Liu Hongsheng Yang Yi Zhou Kun Xing Qiang Xu Libin Zhang 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(5):813-824
The growth and survival of the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri suspended in deep water of Haizhou Bay were studied from July 2007 to June 2008, and the biodeposition method was used to
estimate the clearance rate of C. farreri under field conditions. Results showed that the scallop grew fast during all the culture time, with the exception of summer.
The condition index of the scallop increased with time and reached the highest value in spring of the second year. The survival
of scallops was 60.8 ± 3.9% at the end of this study, mortality occurring mainly during the summer and autumn of the first
year. The clearance rate fluctuated obviously with season,with the highest value in September 2007, and the lowest value in
March 2008. Factors accounting for variations in growth and clearance rate of scallops are also discussed. 相似文献