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1.
为探究细胞微丝骨架在玉米抗纹枯病侵染过程中的作用,采用微丝骨架解聚剂LatB预处理玉米离体叶片后接种立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA,显微观察病原菌的侵染过程,并检测活性氧(ROS)、细胞坏死及抗病基因(PR1、ZmDREB2A)表达等抗病反应情况。结果显示,与未经LatB预处理相比,LatB预处理加快了R.solani侵染后玉米病斑的形成,并影响了侵染结构的发育;在侵染后期,LatB促进了R.solani诱导的玉米叶片中ROS积累、细胞坏死反应和PR1基因表达;溶剂DMSO预处理与未经LatB预处理的结果类似,表明DMSO对本试验的影响较小。研究表明,细胞微丝骨架不仅参与玉米抗R.solani的侵入,而且通过调控ROS、PR1基因表达,细胞死亡等抗病信号提高玉米抗病防御能力。本研究为进一步研究细胞微丝骨架在玉米对纹枯病的抗病机理中的作用提供了重要参考。 相似文献
2.
抗玉米纹枯病材料的鉴定及抗性遗传研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过1997~2000年抗性鉴定,获得CML270为高抗玉米纹枯病且抗性稳定的抗性材料。该自交系在不同年份,对不同地理来源的玉米纹枯病强致病菌丝融合群AG 1 IA表现高抗(病情指数10左右),抗性表现明显优于国内玉米骨干自交系478和48-2。抗性遗传初步分析表明,玉米纹枯病抗性表现为质量-数量性状,抗性遗传受主效基因控制,同时受微效多基因修饰,最少基因数目4~7对。玉米纹枯病抗原的获得为最终解决玉米纹枯病危害提供了技术和材料支撑。 相似文献
3.
连续 2年以土壤接菌的方式对 45个玉米自交系进行田间纹枯病抗病性鉴定 ,同时对自交系R15和R0 9盆栽于玉米第 6叶鞘接种纹枯病菌进行抗病性比较。结果表明 :自交系间抗感性存在明显差异 ,抗感性在两年度间的表现也存在明显差异 ,但单个自交系在两年度的抗感性表现具有相对稳定性 ,自交系R15的抗性强于R0 9。 45份材料中没有发现对纹枯病菌表现免疫的自交系 ,其中 ,高抗材料占所鉴定总数的2.2% ,中抗占 17.8% ,中感占55.6% ,高感24.4%。依相对抗病性指数 ,从中选出最抗的和最感的自交系各 3个 ,以利于今后做玉米抗纹枯病基因的遗传分析 相似文献
4.
玉米衰老相关蛋白基因ZmSAP的克隆与表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)诱导胁迫下玉米高耐纹枯病自交系幼苗叶片所构建的cDNA文库中获得的EST序列,通过电子克隆和RT-PCR方法,结合cDNA末端快速扩增技术,从玉米叶片中分离克隆到衰老相关蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为ZmSAP(GenBank登录号:GU253311)。序列分析表明,ZmSAP全长1156bp,包含一个完整的603bp的开放阅读框(ORF),具有连续的Poly A尾和典型的加尾信号AATTAA。ProtParam程序预测表明该基因编码200个氨基酸,相对分子量为21.92kD,等电点为10.38。该氨基酸序列与豌豆、挪威云杉、寄生藻等有不同程度的同源性且在不同物种间具有一个保守结构域,染色体定位发现该基因位于玉米第1条染色体上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,在高耐纹枯病自交系R15和高感纹枯病材料478中ZmSAP基因在病菌胁迫初期呈诱导表达,可能参与了病原菌诱导的细胞程序性死亡过程,说明该基因与纹枯病菌胁迫响应机制密切相关。 相似文献
5.
多堆柄锈菌侵染不同抗性玉米的组织病理学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
［目的］ 了解不同抗感玉米自交系对南方锈病的组织病理学反应,为今后筛选不同类型抗病自交系提供参考。［方法］ 采用曲利苯蓝透明染色法,以4个玉米自交系为材料,研究了玉米南方锈病致病菌—多堆柄锈菌在不同抗性材料上侵染过程的组织学特征。［结果］ 多堆柄锈菌侵入和定殖可以分为5个阶段：孢子萌发与芽管形成、附着胞形成、侵入细胞、胞内吸器产生、菌丝在细胞间扩展。在不同抗性的玉米材料上,病菌孢子萌发和芽管形成差别不明显,但侵入后病菌在不同抗性材料内的发育进程和发育程度具有显著差异。在抗病玉米材料上,病菌初生菌丝、吸器母细胞、次生菌丝的形成时间推迟,胞内吸器少,菌丝分枝少,菌丝生长缓慢。［结论］ 这些抗性特征与田间表现出的细胞过敏性坏死、叶片上夏孢子堆少的特征具有一致性。 相似文献
6.
7.
玉米抵御玉蜀黍尾孢菌侵入的生理机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为深入探讨玉米抗灰斑病的机制,以抗/感玉米灰斑病自交系78599-1、OH43Ht N和掖478、K12为材料,采用比色皿法和RT-PCR法相结合研究了接种玉蜀黍尾孢菌毒素后玉米叶片中防御酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及防御酶合成相关基因SOD、CAT、APX和GR的表达量。结果显示,接种该病菌毒素后,抗、感材料叶片中防御酶活性均升高,多数在接种7 d时达到峰值,且抗病材料防御酶活性峰值高于感病材料;供试材料叶片中MDA含量均降低,且抗病材料低于感病材料;供试材料叶片中SOD、CAT和GR的表达量均上升,其中CAT的表达量在78599-1、掖478和K12接种5d时达到峰值,灰度值分别为228.67、161.33和178.00,与其酶活性变化趋势一致;SOD和GR的变化规律与其酶活性变化不一致;APX的表达量仅在OH43Ht N中上升,接种7 d后达到峰值。表明抗病材料调控防御酶活性的能力强,防御酶基因的表达与其酶活性变化存在关联性。 相似文献
8.
《中国植保导刊》2019,(8)
水稻纹枯病的病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kǜhn)。用10株弱毒丝核菌提前接种水稻后,再接种纹枯病病原菌,观察其发病症状,并用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法研究了接种不同处理后的水稻9个抗性基因表达情况,筛选出参与水稻纹枯病抗病过程的基因和能使水稻提前获得系统抗性的弱毒丝核菌菌株。结果显示,参与水稻诱导抗性的抗性基因主要为PR10a、ORK10、NAC4、WRKY53、WRKY71。大部分弱毒双核丝核菌能诱导水稻抗性基因表达,诱导效果最好的弱毒丝核菌菌株是②BS-J-06-8-1、④chd-YT-3-5和⑨DL-YT-06-4-9。 相似文献
9.
玉米粗缩病抗性遗传研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文选用3个抗病自交系(齐319、X178、沈137)和3个感病自交系(掖107、掖478、沈5003)按照NCII交配设计配制9套杂交组合研究了玉米抗粗缩病遗传规律。2009-2010年在曲阳、保定采用田间自然发病方法鉴定亲本、F1、F2群体的玉米粗缩病抗性,并采用灰飞虱人工接种方法鉴定亲本材料的抗病性。运用QGA station 软件的加性-显性-上位性(ADAA)遗传模型进行数据分析,结果表明,显性效应和加性效应是控制玉米粗缩病抗性的主要遗传组分,分别占表型变异的44.8%和13.1%,杂合显性效应表现负向杂种优势,抗病育种可加以利用。加性×加性上位性效应在玉米自交系和杂交组合抗粗缩病遗传中普遍存在,但因材料不同而表现负向或正向效应。玉米粗缩病抗性易受环境影响,显性与环境互作效应方差占表型方差的比率为39.8%,达到极显著水平。因此,培育抗粗缩病玉米品种应依据基因型选配适当的亲本材料,抗病品种宜进行多年多点鉴定筛选。 相似文献
10.
利用cDNA-AFLP分析纹枯病菌诱导的玉米差异表达基因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以纹枯病菌AG1-IA(Rhizoctonia solani)诱导玉米高耐纹枯病自交系R15,采用cDNA-AFLP技术分析其基因差异表达谱。在拔节期对R15幼苗进行接菌处理,12、24、36、48、60 h分别取材,以不接菌为对照。用56对AFLP选扩增引物对处理和对照的cDNA进行AFLP分析,得到87个差异片段,回收并剔除假阳性,克隆获得18条阳性差异条带(TDFs)。BLASTn比对结果表明,其中可以找到同源序列的有13个TDFs,按其功能可分为信号传导(2个)、抗病与防御基因(2个)、转录调控(2个)、能量代谢(2个)等。对13个TDFs基因进行了半定量RT-PCR分析,结果表明13个差异片段在对照与处理,或是处理的不同时段存在着表达量的差异。 相似文献
11.
Characterization by conventional techniques and PCR of Rhizoctonia solani isolates causing banded leaf sheath blight in maize 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Rhizoctonia -diseased specimens were collected from various host species growing in or near maize fields in different geographic regions of the Philippines. A greater range of host species, with varying types of disease symptoms, was found in Mindanao than in Luzon. Fifty-two isolates belonged to anastomosis group AG1-IA and caused banded leaf and sheath blight in maize ( Zea mays ), but they showed considerable variation in virulence. The most and least virulent isolates recovered from maize were both collected from Mindanao. Isolates from necrotic spots/foliar blight of durian and coffee, which were collected from the same region, showed the lowest lesion heights. UPGMA-SAHN clustering analysis from RAPD fingerprint data of 30 haplotypes of R. solani AG1-IA isolates from the Philippines and Japan resolved seven groups of AG1-IA at the 75% similarity level. Variation among isolates from upland crops seemed to be partially correlated with geographical origin and virulence. In the case of paddy rice isolates from Japan and the Philippines, some were closely related, with over 75% similarity, suggesting a common origin. In PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region, no polymorphism was observed among the AG1-IA isolates but they were differentiated from subgroups AG1-IB and AG1-IC using the endonucleases Eco RI, Mbo I and Hin fI. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in India during 2000-2003. Characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were R. solani and 11 were R. oryzae-sativae. Of 99 isolates identified as R. solani, 96 were AG1-IA, 1 was AG1-IB, and 2 were AG1-IC. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in Rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geographic regions. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP data separated isolates belonging to the three different intraspecific groups of R. solani AG1 and differentiated R. solani from R. oryzae-sativae. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that geographic region was the dominant factor determining population structure of R. solani AG1-1A; host cultivar had no significant effect. Pathogenicity tests on Oryza sativa cv. Zenith revealed that isolates of R. solani AG1-1A and AG1-1B were more virulent than R. solani AG1-IC and R. oryzae-sativae isolates. 相似文献
13.
Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
14.
Cecilia B PASCUAL Avelino D RAYMUNDO Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):23-29
Sorghum line CS 621 was evaluated along with other lines and cultivars for resistance to Rhizoctonia sheath blight, tar spot and gray leaf spot for 3 years. CS 621 was consistently resistant to these diseases even under a
heavy natural outbreak of tar spot in the breeding nursery. It was also found to be more resistant to Rhizoctonia sheath blight than the resistant lines from Japan during the 1993 to 1994 screening tests. Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA was expressed in the form of reduction in the severity of disease and rate of infection. Evaluation of progenies from
crosses involving CS 621 and a susceptible variety, UPL Sg5, indicated that additive and dominant gene effects are important
in the expression of quantitative resistance to R. solani. CS 621 could therefore serve as a source of multiple resistance genes in a breeding program for high yield and stability
against sorghum diseases.
Received 6 August 1999/ Accepted in revised form 18 October 1999 相似文献
15.
19份玉米EMS诱变系的抗旱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用20%PEG-6000室内模拟干旱环境对EMS化学诱变获得的19份M4代诱变系进行干旱胁迫,选用相对发芽率、可溶性糖胁迫指数、离体叶片失水率、相对株高和丙二醛胁迫指数5个抗旱性指标,运用模糊隶属函数法进行综合评价,筛选出R08Y1427、K305Y1413、R08Y1421和K305Y1403等4个抗旱性较好的诱变系,为玉米的抗旱育种提供了物质基础。同时也证明EMS化学诱变可改良玉米自交系的抗旱性。 相似文献
16.
J.H.M. Schneider M.T. Schilder G. Dijst 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(3):265-279
During a spring survey in 1991, 130 isolates of R. solani were collected in 25 commercial flower bulb fields from diseased plants occurring in bare patches. On the basis of hyphal fusion frequency and pathogenicity to flower bulbs, tulip isolates were provisionally assigned to AG 2-t to distinguish these isolates from AG 2-1 isolates which were non-pathogenic to bulbs. Hyphal fusion frequency of a subgroup of 7 AG 2-t isolates was highly variable when paired with 7 AG 2-1 isolates (2-75%), thus making assignment of AG 2-t isolates to AG 2-1 inconclusive. The mean hyphal fusion frequency among AG 2-t isolates was 65% (±6%) indicating AG 2-t to be a relatively homogeneous group. Hyphal fusion frequency among AG 2-1 isolates was highly variable with a mean 51% (±25%) indicating AG 2-1 to be a heterogeneous group. The optimum growth temperature for AG 2-t and AG 2-1 isolates on malt peptone agar was 20-25 °C. The host range of AG 2-t and two AG 2-1 isolates comprised tulip, iris, hyacinth and lily at both 9 and 18 °C, and cruciferous, sugarbeet and lettuce seedlings at 18 °C. Six other AG 2-1 isolates were pathogenic to cruciferous seedlings, but not to any of the bulbous crops. The tested narcissus, Tagetes patula, tomato, potato, wheat, leek and maize cultivars were not susceptible to AG 2-t and AG 2-1 isolates. Statistical analysis using a proportional-odds model revealed significant differences in aggressiveness between R. solani AG 2-t isolates and differences in susceptibility between tulip and iris cultivars. At 18 °C, but not at 9 °C, isolates representing AG 2-2, AG 4, AG 5 and AG BI were pathogenic to bulbous crops. In addition to bare patch causing AG 2-t isolates, other anastomosis groups may cause disease in field grown tulips. For the development of optimal crop rotation schedules, the impact of bulb rot causing isolates under field conditions needs further study. 相似文献
17.
Characterization of a New Subgroup of Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 1 (AG-1-ID), Causal Agent of a Necrotic Leaf Spot on Coffee 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Priyatmojo A Escopalao VE Tangonan NG Pascual CB Suga H Kageyama K Hyakumachi M 《Phytopathology》2001,91(11):1054-1061
ABSTRACT A new foliar disease on coffee leaves was observed in Mindanao, Philippines, in 1996. The symptoms appeared as large circular or irregularly shaped necrotic areas with small circular necrotic spots (1 mm or less in diameter) usually found around the periphery of the large necrotic areas. Rhizoctonia solani was consistently isolated from these diseased coffee leaves. Isolates obtained were multinucleate (3 to 12 nuclei per hyphal cell), had an optimum temperature for hyphal growth at 25 degrees C, prototrophic for thiamine, and anastomosed with tester isolates belonging to R. solani anastomosis group 1 (AG-1). Mature cultures on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were light to dark brown. Sclerotia, light brown to brown, were formed on the surface of PDA and covered the whole mature colony culture. Individual sclerotia often aggregated into large clumps (3 to 8 mm in diameter) and their color was brown to dark brown. In pathogenicity tests, isolates from coffee caused necrotic symptoms on coffee leaves, whereas isolates of AG-1-IA (not isolated from coffee), 1-IB, and 1-IC did not. The results of analyses of restriction fragment length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer, random amplified polymorphism DNA, and fatty acid profiles showed that R. solani isolates from coffee are a population of AG-1 different from AG-1-IA, 1-IB, and 1-IC. These results suggest that R. solani isolates from coffee represent a new subgroup distinct from AG-1-IA, 1-IB, and 1-IC. A new subgroup ID (AG-1-ID) is proposed. 相似文献
18.
以16份玉米自交系为试验材料,通过比较其在全生育期水分胁迫和正常灌溉条件下农艺性状、产量性状和光合特性的差异,以抗旱系数为基本评价指标,采用逐步回归法建立最优回归方程,同时结合相关性分析、隶属度及聚类分析方法,对玉米自交系进行抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明：水分条件对散粉吐丝间隔期、株高、穗长等11个性状具有显著/极显著影响,单穗粒重、散粉吐丝间隔期和穗长可作为玉米自交系抗旱性鉴定的次级性状筛选指标。利用次级性状抗旱系数的平均隶属度和旱情发生时期抗旱系数的平均隶属度两种方法对自交系抗旱性进行综合评价,结果完全一致的有11份;通过聚类分析,将16份玉米自交系分成4类,其中强抗旱型5份、抗旱型6份、中抗旱型4份、弱抗旱型1份。参试材料中,抗旱性最强的自交系为Si-287,最弱的自交系为X178。 相似文献
19.
To understand the distribution pattern and divergence of Rhizoctonia solani in a field over a 4-year period, R. solani AG1-IA isolates were collected from diseased tissues of several crops. Pairing tests between isolates to detect hyphal anastomosis
and vegetatively compatible population (VCP) groupings were done on 2% water agar and potato dextrose agar. A single VCP of
R. solani AG1-IA dominated a large upland crop field at the Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines at Los Ba?os.
The VCP changed more slowly and at a lower frequency as compared to other reports.
Received 27 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 3 February 2000 相似文献