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1.
为明确茚嗪氟草胺及其代谢物indaziflam-diaminotriazine(IND-D),indaziflam-carboxylic acid(IND-C),indaziflam-triazine-indanone(IND-T),indaziflam-hydroxyethyl(IND-H),indaziflam-olefin(IND-O)在柑橘和土壤中的残留消解动态及最终残留,样品采用乙腈提取,二氯甲烷净化,液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测。茚嗪氟草胺,IND-C,IND-T,IND-H和IND-O在柑橘(果皮、果肉、全果)和土壤中的最低检测浓度(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg,IND-D的LOQ为0.02 mg/kg。残留消解动态试验结果表明,茚嗪氟草胺在柑橘园土壤中的半衰期为15.07~16.12 d,在柑橘中的残留量低于LOQ,其代谢物在柑橘和土壤中的残留量皆低于LOQ。最终残留试验结果表明,500 g/L茚嗪氟草胺悬浮剂分别按有效成分用量100 g/hm 2和150 g/hm 2于杂草出苗前定向封闭施药1次,柑橘收获期(药后86 d)茚嗪氟草胺及其代谢物在柑橘和土壤中的残留量皆低于LOQ。 相似文献
2.
QSAR及其在农药设计中的应用和进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
在介绍定量结构 -活性关系 (QSAR)的基本原理后 ,重点评述了 QSAR各种方法的主要原理、优缺点及其在农药设计中的研究应用进展 ,包括取代基多参数法 (Hansch法 )、Free- Wilson法、分子轨道法 (MO)、距离比较法 (DISCO)、比较分子力场分析法 (Co MFA)、分子模拟法 (MS)、分子对接法 (MD)、人工神经网络法 (ANN)以及 Leapfrog法等。 相似文献
3.
Chaitanya Prasad Nath Tapas Kumar Das Kuldeep Singh Rana Ranjan Bhattacharyya Sangeeta Paul Shashi Bala Singh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):303-314
In this experiment, weed management was studied in zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) wheat with and without crop residue and nitrogen (N). The treatment ZT with crop residue retention (R) and 75% of required N plus GreenSeeker? (GS)-aided N management (ZTRNGS) resulted in a reduction of density and dry weight of weeds compared to CT and ZT without residue. Sequential application of pendimethalin and sulfosulfuron (PMT-SSF) reduced the weed density and dry weight compared to the weedy check (WC). Importantly, the richness and diversity indices were high in ZTRNGS and in WC treatments. Greater wheat grain (5.11 t/ha) and biomass yield (13.31 t/ha) were observed in ZTRNGS than CT without residue and blanket split application of N (CTN). The treatment ZTRNGS recorded 14.1% and 16.9% higher gross and net returns, respectively, over CTN. This study demonstrates that surface retention of crop residue in ZT is more useful than residue incorporation under CT for effective weed control, improving crop yield and profitability. 相似文献
4.
螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨和土壤中的残留及消解动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立梨和土壤中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物螺虫乙酯-烯醇-糖苷 (S-glu)、螺虫乙酯-酮-羟基 (S-keto)、螺虫乙酯-烯醇 (S-enol) 和螺虫乙酯-单羟基 (S-mono) 的残留分析方法，以及明确螺虫乙酯在梨中的残留规律，采用体积分数为1%的乙酸乙腈为提取剂，以N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 和无水硫酸镁为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法，利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 在选择反应监测模式 (SRM) 下检测，外标法定量。结果显示:螺虫乙酯在0.0005~0.1 mg/L范围内，S-glu在0.005~0.5 mg/L范围内，S-keto、S-enol和S-mono在0.0005~0.5 mg/L范围内各化合物的质量浓度与质谱峰面积间均具有良好的线性关系 (R2 ≥ 0.999)；在0.005~0.7 mg/kg添加水平下，螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨果中的平均回收率为84%~109%，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为1.2%~3.3%；在土壤中平均回收率为86%~102%，RSD为1.1%~3.6%。最低检测浓度 (LOQ)为5 μg/kg。该方法检测速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好，适用于梨和土壤中螺虫乙酯及其代谢物残留的快速检测和确证。按推荐剂量进行田间施药，当梨果成熟采收时，螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨中的残留量之和在0.023~0.056 mg/kg之间，低于中国规定的最大残留限量标准 (0.7 mg/kg)；在土壤中的残留量在0~0.015 mg/kg之间。螺虫乙酯及其代谢物在梨果和土壤中的消解动态均符合一级反应动力学方程，半衰期分别为为12.4 d和7.1 d。田间残留试验结果表明，螺虫乙酯用于梨树害虫防治是安全的。 相似文献
5.
中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。 相似文献
6.
Yasin Tuluce 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(2):85-92
This study describes the subacute and subchronic effects of two plant growth regulators (PGRs) [abcisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA3)] on serum marker enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT)], antioxidant defense systems [reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation level (Malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of rats. Rats (Sprague-Dawley albino) were exposed to 75 ppm (parts per million) of ABA and GA3. Seventy-five parts per million of PGRs as drinking water was administered orally ad libitum for 25 and 50 days continuously. The PGRs treatments caused different effect on the serum marker enzymes, antioxidant defense systems and the content of MDA in comparison to those of control rats. Results show that ABA caused a significant decrease in serum LDH and CPK activity with both periods. Also, GA3 significantly decreased serum AST, CPK, and LDH activity with subacute and decreased serum ALT, CPK, LDH, and GGT treated with subchronic periods. The lipid peroxidation end product MDA significantly increased in the erythrocyte, liver, brain, and muscle of rats treated with both the period of GA3 without significantly change in the erythrocyte and muscle of rats treated with the subacute period of ABA. The GSH levels were significantly depleted in the erythrocyte and brain of rats treated with both the period of GA3 without any change in the erythrocyte, liver, brain, and muscle of rats treated with both the period of ABA. Also GSH levels in the muscle significantly depleted with the subchronic period of GA3. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD significantly decreased in the erythrocyte, liver and brain tissues but increased in the muscle tissue of rats treated with both the periods of GA3. Meanwhile, SOD significantly decreased in liver and brain, and increased in muscle of rats treated with both the period of ABA. While CAT significantly decreased in the all tissues of rats treated with both the period of GA3, decreased in the liver and muscle of rats treated with both the periods of ABA too. On the other hand, the ancillary enzyme GPx and GR activity in the erythrocytes, liver, brain and muscle were either significantly depleted or not changed with two periods of PGRs. The drug metabolizing enzyme GST activity significantly decreased in the brain of rats treated with subacute period of PGRs but increased in the erythrocytes of rats treated with subacute period of GA3. As a conclusion, ABA and GA3 had significantly increased the activity of hepatic damage enzymes. Also the rats resisted to oxidative stress via antioxidant mechanism. However, the antioxidant mechanism could not prevent the increases in lipid peroxidation in rat’s tissues. These data, along with changes, suggest that PGRs produced substantial systemic organ toxicity in the erythrocyte, liver, brain, and muscle during the period of a 25-day subacute and 50-day subchronic exposure. 相似文献
7.
侵染肥城桃的病毒和类病毒的分子检测与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山东肥城桃种植区桃树上主要存在的病毒和类病毒及其发生情况,采集具有花叶、斑驳和皱缩典型症状的肥城桃样品,提取叶片总RNA后,分别选用桃树上已报道的啤酒花矮化类病毒Hopstuntviroid(HSVd)、桃潜隐花叶类病毒Peach latent mosaic viroid(PLMVd)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV)、樱桃锉叶病毒Cherry rasp leaf virus(CRLV)、桃花叶病毒Peach mosaic virus(PMV)、李属坏死环斑病毒Prunus necrotic ringspot virus(PNRSV)、李痘病毒Plum pox virus(PPV)、李矮缩病毒Prunus dwarf virus(PDV)、樱桃绿环斑驳病毒Cherry green ring mottle virus(CGRMV)、杏假褪绿叶斑病毒Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus(APCLSV)、李树皮坏死茎纹孔伴随病毒Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus(PBNSPaV)和小樱桃病毒1号Little cherry virus 1(LchV1)的特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。PCR结果显示仅HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV的扩增产物中得到了预期大小的目的片段,将目的片段克隆测序后,经NCBI BLAST比对发现,山东肥城桃分离物HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV与GenBank已报道分离物序列一致性均达90%以上。表明山东肥城桃已感染HSVd、PLMVd 2种类病毒和ACLSV、PNRSV、PBNSPaV 3种病毒。 相似文献
8.
壬菌铜和吡唑醚菌酯在苹果和土壤中的残留及消解动态 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
建立了同时测定苹果及其土壤中壬菌铜和吡唑醚菌酯残留的分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（DSPE-HPLC-MS/MS）方法,并采用该方法研究了24%吡唑醚菌酯·壬菌铜微乳剂在苹果和土壤中的残留及消解动态。其中壬菌铜以硫化钠为破络剂,将其转化为壬基酚磺酸后进行检测。样品用乙腈提取,同时加入硫化钠,经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）净化后,采用C18色谱柱,以甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱分离,于多反应监测模式下经正负离子同时扫描进行定性,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。结果表明:在0.1~10 mg/kg添加水平下,壬菌铜在苹果及土壤中的回收率范围为92%~103%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.3%~5.1%;在0.01~1 mg/kg添加水平下,吡唑醚菌酯在苹果及土壤中的回收率范围为96%~105%,RSD为2.4%~4.6%。苹果及土壤中壬菌铜和吡唑醚菌酯的最低检测浓度（LOQ）分别为0.1和0.01 mg/kg。2014-2015年,中国宁夏、北京和山东两年三地的田间残留试验表明:壬菌铜在苹果和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为2.7~5.4和2.0~5.8 d,吡唑醚菌酯在苹果和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为4.3~8.3和3.6~10.2 d;采用24%吡唑醚菌酯·壬菌铜微乳剂,分别按推荐剂量（有效成分300 mg/kg）和推荐剂量的1.5倍（有效成分450 mg/kg）于苹果幼果期施药,最多施药4次,距末次施药14 d时,壬菌铜在苹果中的最大残留量为0.31 mg/kg,远低于日本规定的最大允许残留限量（MRL）值（5 mg/kg）,吡唑醚菌酯在苹果中的最大残留量为0.27 mg/kg,低于中国规定的MRL值（0.5 mg/kg）。 相似文献
9.
Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Seven crop and eight weed species from 12 agricultural locations in Trinidad and Tobago were assayed for the presence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (WTGs) by using dot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the N-terminal coat protein sequence with degenerate primers. The amplified fragments were cloned and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion to determine fragment length polymorphism among the cloned fragments. Representative clones were then sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to determine the sequence similarity to known WTGs. WTGs were found in every location sampled and in 10 of the 15 species investigated: Lycopersicon esculentum(tomato), Capsicum annuum (pepper), Capsicum frutescens (sweet pepper), Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Phaseolus vulgaris (beans), Alternanthera tenella, Desmodium frutescens, Euphorbia heterophylla, Malva alceifolia, and Sida acuta. The geminiviruses infecting these plants were closely related to potato yellow mosaic virus from Venezuela (PYMV-VE) and tomato leaf curl virus from Panama (ToLCV-PA). However, in pepper, sweet pepper, okra, Alternanthera tenella, Euphorbia heterophylla, Des-modium frutescens, and in one sample of tomato, a PYMV-VE-related virus was found in mixed infections with a virus related to pepper huasteco virus. Full-length infectious DNA-A and DNA-B of a tomato-infecting geminivirus from Trinidad and Tobago were cloned and sequenced. DNA-A appears to be a recombinant derived from PYMV-VE or ToLCV-PA, and Sida golden mosaic from Honduras. The implications of these findings in the control of WTGs are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Tebufenozide resistance selected in Plutella xylostella and its cross-resistance and fitness cost 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A susceptible strain of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), was used to select for resistance to tebufenozide in the laboratory. After continuous selection with tebufenozide 17 times during 35 generations, a resistant strain was achieved with high resistance to tebufenozide (RR 93.8). Bioassay revealed that this strain showed high cross-resistance to abamectin (RR 35.7), methoxyfenozide (29.1) and JS118 (16.5), and a little to deltamethrin (3.9), but no obvious cross-resistance was found to cypermethrin (1.3), fipronil (1.3), trichlorfon (1.1), chlorfenapyr (1.0), phoxim (0.9) and acephate (0.8). The resistant and susceptible insects had similar development rates, but life table tests indicated that the resistant strain showed reproductive disadvantages, including decreased copulation rate, reproductivity and hatchability. When compared with the susceptible strain, the resistant insects had a relative fitness of only 0.3. This indicated that tebufenozide resistance selected under laboratory conditions had considerable fitness costs in this pest, and therefore rotational use of insecticides without cross-resistance is recommended to delay development of resistance. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT Chitosan (CHN), a deacetylated derivative of chitin, was shown to be efficient in promoting plant defense reactions. CHN oligomers of different molecular weight (MW) and degree of acetylation (DA) triggered an accumulation of phytoalexins, trans- and cis-resveratrol and their derivatives epsilon-viniferin and piceid, in grapevine leaves. Highest phytoalexin production was achieved within 48 h of incubation with CHN at 200 mug/ml with an MW of 1,500 and a DA of 20% (CHN1.5/20), while oligomers with greater MW were less efficient, indicating that a specific MW threshold could be required for phytoalexin response. Treatment of grapevine leaves by highly active CHN1.5/20 also led to marked induction of chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities. CHN1.5/20 applied together with copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) strongly induced phytoalexin accumulation. CuSO(4) alone, especially at low concentrations also elicited a substantial production of phytoalexins in grapevine leaves. Evidence is also provided that CHN1.5/20 significantly reduced the infection of grapevine leaves by Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola, and in combination with CuSO(4) conferred protection against both pathogens. 相似文献
13.
Robertson-Hoyt LA Betrán J Payne GA White DG Isakeit T Maragos CM Molnár TL Holland JB 《Phytopathology》2007,97(3):311-317
ABSTRACT Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus cause ear rots of maize and contaminate the grain with mycotoxins (fumonisin or aflatoxin). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between resistance to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination. Based on a previous study of 143 recombinant inbred lines from the cross NC300 x B104, 24 lines with the highest and 24 lines with the lowest mean fumonisin concentration were selected for further evaluation. Paired plots of each line were inoculated with F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum or with A. flavus in replicated trials in 2004 and 2005 in Clayton, NC, and College Station, TX. The low-fumonisin group had significantly lower levels of fumonisin, aflatoxin, and Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots. Across year-location environments, all four traits were significantly correlated; the genotypic correlation (r(G)) ranged from r(G) = 0.88 (aflatoxin and Aspergillus ear rot) to r(G) = 0.99 (Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots). Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and their effects estimated. Two QTLs affected both toxin concentrations, one QTL affected both ear rots, and one QTL affected Aspergillus and Fusarium rots and fumonisin. These results suggest that at least some of the genes involved in resistance to ear rots and mycotoxin contamination are identical or genetically linked. 相似文献
14.
在大田条件下,选用大穗型品种兰考矮早八号和多穗型品种豫麦49-198为试验材料,研究了不同施硫量和灌水次数对冬小麦光合性能及产量的影响.结果表明,不同施硫处理,以硫60 kg/hm2处理产量最高,并达到显著水平.兰考矮早八和豫麦49-198的增产幅度达19.32%和9.24%,此处理下的光合速率和SPAD值高于硫30 kg/hm2和硫0 kg/hm2处理.在本试验条件下,2品种在灌水处理间产量有差别,兰考矮早八以不灌水产量最高,豫麦49-198以仅拔节期灌水产量最高. 相似文献
15.
为评估被用作白蚁预防药剂的毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在土壤中的移动性,采用平衡吸附法和薄层层析法分别测定了两种农药在浙江宁波地区的东钱湖土(粉砂质壤土)、青岭土(粉砂质壤土)和象山土(粉砂质黏壤土)3种土壤中的吸附常数(Kd)和迁移率(Rf)。结果表明,两种供试药剂在东钱湖土中的吸附等温线线性化程度均较高,而在青岭土和象山土中的吸附等温线均近似于 "L"型。从Kd和有机质吸附常数Koc的数值看,氰戊菊酯在土壤中的吸附作用主要受土壤有机质因素影响,而毒死蜱的吸附并非只受土壤有机质因素的影响。毒死蜱在3种供试土壤中的Kd和Rf值均高于氰戊菊酯。这表明由Kd值推测不同农药在土壤中的相对移动性可能会存在一定偏差。毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在3种土壤中的Rf值由大到小的顺序为:东钱湖土>青岭土>象山土;而Kd值由大到小顺序为象山土>青岭土>东钱湖土。对Kd和Rf值与土壤理化性质的多元线性回归分析表明:1)土壤有机质含量和阳离子代换量在决定Kd和Rf值中所起的作用相互重叠;2)土壤有机质含量(或土壤阳离子代换量)和土壤黏粒含量是影响Kd和Rf值的关键因素,而土壤pH值对于Kd和Rf值无决定性影响。 相似文献
16.
F. Moriarty 《EPPO Bulletin》1971,1(4):51-60
The effects are described of organochlorine insecticides on two indigenous British species of wildlife: the peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus Tunstall) and the small tortoiseshell butterfly ( Aglais urticae [L.]). Four conclusions are drawn about the effects of pesticides on wildlife, which are then used to consider the possible risks from organophosphorus insecticides. 相似文献
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Degradation of atrazine and isoproturon in surface and sub-surface soil materials undergoing different moisture and aeration conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The influence of different moisture and aeration conditions on the degradation of atrazine and isoproturon was investigated in environmental samples aseptically collected from surface and sub-surface zones of agricultural land. The materials were maintained at two moisture contents corresponding to just above field capacity or 90% of field capacity. Another two groups of samples were adjusted with water to above field capacity, and, at zero time, exposed to drying-rewetting cycles. Atrazine was more persistent (t(1/2) = 22-35 days) than isoproturon (t(1/2) = 5-17 days) in samples maintained at constant moisture conditions. The rate of degradation for both herbicides was higher in samples maintained at a moisture content of 90% of field capacity than in samples with higher moisture contents. The reduction in moisture content in samples undergoing desiccation from above field capacity to much lower than field capacity enhanced the degradation of isoproturon (t(1/2) = 9-12 days) but reduced the rate of atrazine degradation (t(1/2) = 23-35 days). This demonstrates the variability between different micro-organisms in their susceptibility to desiccation. Under anaerobic conditions generated in anaerobic jars, atrazine degraded much more rapidly than isoproturon in materials taken from three soil profiles (0-250 cm depth). It is suggested that some specific micro-organisms are able to survive and degrade herbicide under severe conditions of desiccation. 相似文献
18.
We compared photosynthesis and growth of Zea mays L (corn) and four weed species, Setaria viridis (L) Beauv (green foxtail), Echinochloa crus-galli (L) Beauv (barnyardgrass), Abutilon theophrasti Medic (velvetleaf), and Amaranthus retroflexus L (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. Plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (control). Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of Z mays was not reduced by any of the herbicide treatments. Photosynthesis and dry mass of E crus-galli, A retroflexus and A theophrasti were significantly reduced by mesotrione and atrazine alone and in combination. Photosynthesis on day 14 and dry mass of large Sviridis plants were not suppressed by either herbicide applied alone. The mesotrione plus atrazine treatment was the most effective treatment for grass weed control because plants did not regain photosynthetic capacity and had significantly lower dry mass. Shoot dry mass of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced by all three herbicide treatments, except for A retroflexus treated with mesotrione alone. 相似文献
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建立了一种简易而实用的残留分析方法 ,用于检测土壤与水中氰氟草酯及其 3种代谢产物 ,即(R)-2-[4-(4-氰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸(ACID)、 (R)-2-[4-(4-氨基甲酰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸(AMIDE)、(R)-2-[4-(4-羧基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]-丙酸 (DIACID)。该方法仅用高效液相色谱法的梯度洗脱程序即可将 4种化合物有效分离 ,省去了需将氰氟草酯 (母体)衍生化反应再用气相色谱法检测这一复杂步骤。同时 ,该方法的添加回收率高。较低的 p H值对提高 4种化合物的提取效率很重要。 相似文献