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1.
本研究旨在探讨黄芩素抗猪丁型冠状病毒（porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV）感染的作用机制。通过Pharmmapper、Pubchem、STITCH、TCMSP和Swiss Targer Prediction数据库获得黄芩素的作用靶点。根据前期蛋白组学结果获得PDCoV感染的相关靶点,获取黄芩素与PDCoV感染的共同靶点,并利用STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建“药物-疾病-靶点”网络和靶蛋白相互作用网络,利用CytoNCA插件进行网络拓扑分析和核心网络构建,使用Metascape数据库对核心网络基因进行GO和KEGG分析。通过细胞试验对富集得到的信号通路下游基因表达水平进行检测。通过筛选,共获得黄芩素的潜在靶基因268个,黄芩素-PDCoV的共同靶点75个,GO富集结果表明黄芩素主要参与细胞周期、细胞膜筏形成、线粒体膜形成、纺锤体形成和MAPK信号级联传导过程;KEGG富集筛选得到277条信号通路（P<0.01）,主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、Ras信号通路和MAPK信号通路等。细胞试验结果表明,与正常细胞对照组相对,病毒感染后PI3K、AKT、NF-κB mRNA表达显著升高;与病毒感染组相比,黄芩素处理组PI3K、AKT、NF-κB mRNA的表达显著降低（P<0.05）。黄芩素对PDCoV感染的作用具有多靶点、多通路的特点,可能是通过作用于AKT1、HSP90AA1、SRC、EGFR、CASP3、MAPK、STAT3等核心基因调控PI3K-Akt、Ras和MAPK信号通路、细胞凋亡、病毒感染等通路发挥作用,可以作为抗PDCoV感染的潜在治疗药物进一步研究。 相似文献
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基于网络药理学的方法探讨乳难中药共同代谢通路。遴选2020年版《中国药典》中具有下乳或通乳作用的中药材，应用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)和中国知网筛选中药材的全部活性成分，并使用TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction分析平台查询相关靶点。借助UniPort数据库进行基因标准化查询。应用GeneCards数据库和OMIM数据库筛选乳难疾病的靶点；通过在线Venny获得药物疾病的共同靶点。将获得的结果导入Cytoscape软件中进行可视化分析，构建PPI网络，筛选核心靶点。采用Metascape数据库对核心靶点进行GO分析和KEGG相关通路富集。共获得有效活性成分58种，潜在靶点336个，疾病靶点2175个，得到共同靶点158个。GO分析得到生物过程947个，细胞组分29个，分子功能54个，KEGG得到IL-17信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路等119条通路。利用网络药理学分析平台可对治疗乳难中药的有效成分靶点、乳难疾病靶点以及相关信号通路进行预测，为进一步研究探讨乳难中药共同代谢通路提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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采用网络药理学探讨甘露消毒丹(GXM)治疗猫传染性腹膜炎(FIP)的作用机制。从TCMSP数据库中筛选出甘露消毒丹主要活性成分及作用靶点，在Uniprot数据库中标准化靶点蛋白，在CTD数据库中找到FIP的靶点，将两个数据库的共同靶点作为关键靶点，用Cytoscape软件构建靶点相互作用图。在DAVID数据库进行靶点的GO和KEGG富集分析。通过数据筛选分析发现，GXM作用于FIP的主要活性化合物为槲皮素、山奈酚、木犀草素、汉黄芩素、黄芩素、牛蒡子苷、荷包牡丹碱和柚皮素，关键靶点16个；发现GO生物过程5个条目、细胞组成5个条目、分子功能3个条目、KEGG通路富集23个条目。说明甘露消毒丹通过各成分间的协同作用调控多靶点、多通路而发挥抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫等作用来治疗猫传染性腹膜炎。 相似文献
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为了解银黄可溶性粉治疗猪喘气病的活性成分及作用机制，本试验采用网络药理学的方法进行探索，利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)获取银黄可溶性粉的活性成分及对应的靶点，将靶点导入Uniprot数据库，利用Cytoscape 3.5.0软件构建药物-活性成分-靶点网络图，在Genecards数据库和人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)获取猪喘气病的靶点，将靶点导入Uniprot数据库，通过STRING数据库构建蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图，在生物学信息注释数据库(DAVID)进行基因本体(GO)富集分析和基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路富集分析。结果显示，银黄可溶性粉筛选出48个活性成分，155个靶点；猪喘气病有关的靶点有3 154个；PPI网络有51个靶点，关键靶点有血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)等；GO功能注释得到98个条目(P<0.05);KEGG信号通路富集分析得到42条通路(P<0.05)。结果表明，银黄可溶性粉中槲皮素、木犀草素、山奈酚和汉黄芩素可能是治疗猪喘气病的活性成分，通过作用于VEGFA、TNF等靶点，调控结核通路和哮喘通路... 相似文献
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【目的】 采用网络药理学技术与方法预测白龙散治疗鸡腹泻的物质基础、作用靶点和通路。【方法】 通过中药系统药理学分析数据库TCMSP筛选中药复方白龙散中的白头翁、黄连、龙胆的有效活性成分及其潜在作用靶点。通过GeneCards和OMIM数据库检索鸡腹泻的相关疾病靶点。利用Venny平台获得药物和疾病的交集靶点。将交集靶点上传至STRING数据库进行分析,构建蛋白互作（PPI）网络图并获得关键靶点,并进一步对关键靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】 共筛选得到活性成分27个,药物靶点57个,疾病靶点4 207个;药物与疾病交集靶点45个。PPI网络发现原癌基因蛋白质C （MYC）、雌激素受体1（ESR1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、G1/S-specific周期蛋白D1（CCND1）等45个蛋白可能是白龙散治疗鸡腹泻的关键靶点。GO功能富集分析确定了112个条目,KEGG通路富集分析确定了22条通路。【结论】 中药复方白龙散主要通过槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素等多个化学成分调控转录因子AP-1（JUN）、MYC、ESR1、IL-6等靶点,作用于细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用、肿瘤抑制蛋白（p53）信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）等信号通路来治疗鸡腹泻。 相似文献
6.
本研究旨在利用网络药理学及分子对接技术从抗炎角度探讨苦参碱抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的作用机制。利用PharmMapper服务器和Genecards疾病数据库获得苦参碱发挥抗炎作用的潜在靶点;使用STRING在线分析平台结合Cytoscape软件构建靶蛋白相互作用（protein-protein interaction,PPI）网络并进行拓扑学分析筛选关键靶点;利用DAVID数据库对靶点进行基因本体论GO富集分析以及KEGG通路富集分析,并使用Cytoscape软件进行“药物-靶点-通路”网络图的构建;使用Autodock Vina软件进行分子对接,选择最佳的结合靶点。网络分析结果表明,苦参碱抗炎的潜在靶点有23个;蛋白互作网络提示,IGFⅠ、MAPK8、CASP3、NR3C1可能是苦参碱抗炎的核心靶点;GO富集分析得到116个细胞生物学过程,KEGG通路富集分析得到47条相关信号通路;分子对接显示,MAPK8与苦参碱有较好亲和力,可能是苦参碱发挥抗炎作用的主要靶点。苦参碱可能通过作用于MAPK8这一关键蛋白发挥抗炎作用,进而达到抗PRRSV的作用。 相似文献
7.
【目的】 通过网络药理学对丹参、益母草、黄芩、连翘组成的中药复方进行分析,研究其有效成分治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的潜在作用靶点,并对靶点作用通路的机制进行阐述。【方法】 利用TCMSP数据库筛选药物成分作用靶点,通过NCBI、GeneCard、geneMap、TTD、DrugBank查找奶牛子宫内膜炎的相关靶点,筛选出药物成分靶点与奶牛子宫内膜炎相关靶点的共有基因靶点,作为该中药复方治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的预测靶点,并上传到STRING数据库建立蛋白互作(PPI)网络,通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件根据连接度对PPI网络进行筛选,找到其核心靶点。运用Metascape数据库对核心靶点进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析。【结果】 从该中药复方中筛出有效活性成分133种,主要包括槲皮素、山奈酚、黄芩素、丹参酮ⅡA等,通过药物成分找到对应靶点蛋白292个,通过数据库找到奶牛子宫内膜炎的相关靶点130个,筛出中药复方治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的预测靶点24个,其中核心靶点7个,包括肿瘤坏死因子、蛋白激酶、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2等。GO功能富集分析得到生物过程20个条目、分子功能6个条目及细胞组分6个条目,生物过程包括脂多糖的反应、白细胞-细胞黏附的正向调节、对无机物的反应等;分子功能包括信号受体活性调节、转录辅激活子的结合、血红素结合等;细胞组分包括细胞膜筏、薄膜侧面、颗粒分泌腔等。KEGG通路富集分析涉及20个基因,参与调控的通路有9条,其中涉及基因较多的包括AGE-RAGE信号通路、癌症蛋白聚糖通路、血流剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化通路及Th17细胞分化通路。【结论】 该中药复方可能是通过调控肿瘤坏死因子、蛋白激酶、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2等靶点,通过参与AGE-RAGE信号通路及Th17细胞的分化对奶牛子宫内膜炎产生治疗作用。 相似文献
8.
【目的】基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨郁金散加减方治疗猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)的作用靶点及机制。【方法】在中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)搜索郁金散加减方的活性成分及靶点并经UniProt平台转换,在比较毒理基因组学数据库(CTD)中搜索TGE相关靶点,将两者交集靶点导入Cytoscape 3.9.1软件中构建郁金散加减方-成分-靶点-疾病网络关系图,在STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.9.1软件中进行蛋白互作(PPI)网络分析,在DAVID数据库中进行GO功能和KEGG信号通路富集分析,用AutoDock软件进行分子对接。【结果】共收集到郁金散加减方包括槲皮素、芒柄花黄素在内的126个活性成分,得到郁金散加减方治疗TGE的相关靶点74个。郁金散加减方-成分-靶点-疾病网络关系图结果显示,郁金散加减方治疗TGE的核心成分为槲皮素、山奈酚等;PPI结果表明,郁金散加减方治疗TGE的核心靶点为抑癌基因P53(TP53)、癌基因FOS、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)及胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)等;GO功能和KEGG信号通路分析结果显示,郁金散加减... 相似文献
9.
本研究旨在通过网络药理学方法来探讨莱菔子的抗菌作用机制。利用中药系统药理学数据库、分析平台TCMSP以及GeneCards数据库获得莱菔子发挥抗菌作用的有效成分以及潜在抗菌靶点；利用Cytoscape3.8.0软件构建药物-成分-靶点-疾病网络图，并使用STRING数据库以及Cytoscape3.8.0软件构建蛋白质相互作用网络图；利用DAVID数据库对靶点进行基因本体（GO）富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析；使用AutoDock软件对关键靶点与活性成分进行分子对接，选择最佳的结合靶点。结果显示：莱菔子14个活性成分作用于36个抗菌靶点。GO功能富集分析得到185个条目，KEGG通路富集分析得到48条信号通路。分子对接显示，芥子酸、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、亚麻子油酸等成分与细胞肌动蛋白基因（ACTB）、一氧化氮合酶基因（NOS3）等关键靶点有较强亲和能力。本试验结果表明，莱菔子可能通过参与调节磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路（PI3K-Akt）、钙离子信号通路等发挥其抗菌作用，体现了莱菔子多成分、多靶点、多通... 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献