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1.
选用欧洲野生穴兔的5个微卫星座位,分析了5个品种(系)家兔群体的遗传变异.结果表明:Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔的群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度均最大,分别为0.552 6和0.620 2;新西兰兔群体内平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度都最小,分别为0.451 5和0.526 1,说明在5个品种(系)家兔中,新西兰兔群体内变异较小,相对较纯;Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔群体内变异较大,纯度相对较小.但总的来看,5个品种(系)家兔的平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度相差都不大,说明Vc獭兔在遗传性能上已接近其他优良品种兔.聚类结果表明:Vc-Ⅰ系獭兔与Vc-Ⅱ系獭兔亲缘关系最近,与日本大耳兔、青紫蓝兔亲缘关系较近,与新西兰兔亲缘关系最远,这与Vc獭兔育种事实相符.在Sat4和Sat8座位分别检测出了一条Vc獭兔所特有的条带,从而为进一步研究Vc獭兔的遗传特性打下良好的基础. 相似文献
2.
利用15个微卫星座位,分析了新西兰白兔、德系安哥拉兔、美系獭兔、齐卡G系肉兔、福建黄兔5个家兔群体的遗传多样性。结果表明：15个微卫星位点的平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数分别为7．400±1．639个和5．694±1．470个;5个家兔群体的平均基因杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0．7367和0．6994;新西兰白的平均基因杂合度和平均多态信息含量最高,福建黄兔最低。5个家兔群体的平均总近交系数（F_is）为-0．03,群体内平均近交系数（F_is）为-0．151,群体平均分化系数（F_is）为0．105（P〈0．001）。采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,5个家兔群体聚为三类：新西兰白兔和德系安哥拉兔聚为一类;齐卡兔G系和美系獭兔聚为一类,福建黄兔独自为一类。 相似文献
3.
本研究利用微卫星标记分析了我国5个家兔品种内的遗传多样性。结果表明:在5个品种中,新西兰兔有效等位基因数最多,为6.545 5;加利福尼亚兔有效等位基因数最少,为3.000。比利时兔平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最大,分别为0.570 4和0.823 3;加利福尼亚兔平均多态信息含量和平均杂合度最小,分别为0.499 7和0.589 7。 相似文献
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5.
利用10个微卫星DNA标记对七个家兔品种进行了遗传检测.利用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了七个家兔品种(9个家兔群体)样本在10个微卫星基因座上的等位基因频率、微卫星的多态信息含量(PIC)、各群体遗传杂合度、群体间的遗传距离、并根据遗传距离对这几个群体进行了聚类分析.结果表明:所选择的10个微卫星位点在所检测群体中均表现了较好的多态性,平均多态信息含量为0.569905.平均杂合度范围在0.5885～0.6826.表明所研究的家兔品种的遗传多样性较丰富,还可以做进一步的选择利用.根据遗传距离所做的聚类分析图表明吉戎-Ⅰ系和吉戎-Ⅱ系、哈尔滨大白兔、塞北兔的亲缘关系依次较近,与它们的培育历史相吻合. 相似文献
6.
Vc-獭兔、日本大耳白兔与新西兰白兔血液蛋白多态性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为给加速 Vc-獭兔育种提供理论依据 ,利用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对 Vc- 系、 系獭兔、日本大耳白兔和新西兰白兔血液中的红细胞酯酶 (Es-1、Es-2和 Es-3 )、血清前转铁蛋白 (Prt)、后白蛋白 (Po)等 5个蛋白位点的多态性进行了测定 ,结果表明 :在 4个群体中 ,Es-1、Es-2、Es-3和 Po各有 3种表型 ,分别受 2个共显性等位基因控制 ,Prt有 6种表型 ,受 3个共显性等位基因控制。计算表型频率及基因频率。并根据基因频率计算遗传距离和聚类分析 ,分析结果 :Vc- 系、Vc- 系獭兔的亲缘关系最近 ;Vc-獭兔与日本大耳白兔的亲缘关系较近 ,与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系较远 ;日本大耳白与新西兰白兔的亲缘关系最远 相似文献
7.
利用10个微卫星DNA标记对七个家兔品种进行了遗传检测。利用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了七个家兔品种（9个家兔群体）样本在10个微卫星基因座上的等位基因频率、微卫星的多态信息含量（PIC）、各群体遗传杂合度、群体间的遗传距离、并根据遗传距离对这几个群体进行了聚类分析。结果表明：所选择的10个微卫星位点在所检测群体中均表现了较好的多态性,平均多态信息含量为0．569905。平均杂舍度范围在0．5885～0．6826。表明所研究的家兔品种的遗传多样性较丰富,还可以做进一步的选择利用。根据遗传距离所做的聚类分析图表明吉戎-Ⅰ系和吉戎-Ⅱ系、哈尔滨大白兔、塞北兔的亲缘关系依次较近,与它们的培育历史相吻合。 相似文献
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采用15个微卫星标记,对关系獭免和苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛兔进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示：在美系獭兔和苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛兔群体中,15个微卫星座位均表现出较好的多态性。关系獭兔的平均等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为4．6000±1．0556和3．5520±0．9703个．群体期望杂合度和多态信息含量平均值分别为0．7067±0．1030和0．6501±0．1050,群体内近交系数平均值为-0．2580＋0．0033：苏Ⅰ系粗毛型长毛免的平均等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为5．1333±1．2459和3．7506±0．8081个,群体期望杂合度和多态信息含量平均值分别为0．7270±0．0709和0．6750±0．0824．群体内近交系数平均值为-0．2300±0．003。表明两个家兔群体的微卫星座位有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
18.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
19.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献