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从微生态理论的发展和微生态制剂的作用机理着手,重点论述了微生态制剂的研制开发和在饲料生产中的应用状况;通过对微生态制剂的作用机理分析,阐述了微生态制剂在畜禽养殖业中的使用效果;通过对微生态制剂的发展及限制因素探讨,分析了微生态制剂在饲料工业应用中存在的问题及发展前景. 相似文献
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微生态制剂是一类根据微生态学理论研发的对动物机体具有积极调节作用的微生物制品,近年来微生态制剂的研究和应用得到了快速发展。微生态制剂主要分为益生菌、益生元和合生元。微生态制剂在使用过程中不易产生耐药性与药物残留,是抗生素的最佳绿色替代品之一,具有提高动物生长性能和免疫能力等有益作用,在畜牧养殖中被广泛应用。本文对微生态制剂的发展现状和作用机制进行简述,并论述微生态制剂在绵羊养殖中的应用及效果,以期为微生态制剂的研究以及在绵羊养殖中的开发应用提供参考。 相似文献
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微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用越来越多,作用也越来越大,本文在阐明微生态制剂定义和作用机理的基础上,对目前微生态制剂的种类及其在水产养殖中的应用进行了叙述,并就当前微生态制剂存在的问题和未来发展趋势提出看法。 相似文献
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微生态制剂又称益生素、活菌制剂等,它是在微生态理论指导下,通过特殊工艺应用已知有益微生物制成的一种活菌制剂,在养殖业已经得到应用。文章综述了微生态制剂的概念、分类、在反刍动物中的应用;剖析了不同实验结果出现差异的可能原因,总结了微生态制剂应用中存在的问题及应用前景展望。 相似文献
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近几年来,随着生物技术的发展,微生态制剂在国民经济中的作用越来越重要,从应用范围讲,药品、食品、饲料、饮料、肥料、生物防治及环境处理等方面都有应用,而且都取得了显著效益。在养殖业方面,因微生态制剂的无毒副作用、安全可靠、多功能、无残留、不污染环境等优点而广泛应用,并取得了良好效果和经济效益。关于微生态制剂的作用机理,已有相关文献报道,本文不再赘述,现就养禽业微生态制剂应用概况及应用效果作以评析。1家禽微生态制剂的应用概况在家禽养殖业中,微生态制剂的应用,按其用途可分为微生态制剂和微生态饲料添加剂,前者是以治疗… 相似文献
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当前,饲料微生态制剂以其无毒害、无残留、不产生抗药性等优点,作为理想的抗生素替代品,在畜牧生产中的应用日益广泛。本文分析了微生态制剂研究的热点及存在的问题,探讨了微生态制剂的发展前景,旨在为动物微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用研究提供参考。 相似文献
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微生态制剂在饲料工业中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从微生态理论的发展和微生态制剂的作用机理着手，重点论述了微生态制剂的研制开发和在饲料生产中的应用状况；通过对微生态制剂的作用机理分析，阐述了微生态制剂在畜禽养殖业中的使用效果；通过对微生态制剂的发展及限制因素探讨，分析了微生态制剂在饲料工业应用中存在的问题及发展前景。 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone on the clinicopathological alterations in respiratory absidiosis in rabbits. Infected rabbits showed respiratory distress that was more severe in immunosuppressed groups. Leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was observed in the non-immunosuppressed group in the initial stages, whereas leukopenia was observed in both the immunosuppressed groups initially, owing to polymorphopenia in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and to lymphopenia in the methylprednisolone-treated group, followed by leukocytosis in both groups. Total serum proteins increased significantly in the non-immunosuppressed group but were significantly decreased in the immunosuppressed groups. Serum creatinine increased significantly in all the infected groups from 20 days post inoculation (DPI) onwards. Blood urea nitrogen increased significantly in the initial stages only in the methylprednisolone-treated group. AST and ALT also showed significant increases in the infected animals. Total serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes increased gradually in all three infected groups, except for an initial significant drop in the immunosuppressed rabbits. Re-isolation of fungus was only achieved from the lungs of infected rabbits up to 15 DPI in the non-immunosuppressed group and 30 DPI in the immunosuppressed groups. Pathological lesions in all the infected groups were found mainly in the lungs and consisted of pyogranulomas. The lesions were most severe in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and least severe in the non-immunosuppressed group. 相似文献
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体外胚胎生产作为一项高效的辅助生殖技术,对优质种质资源的保存利用及遗传改良具有重要意义。但与体内生产胚胎相比,体外生产胚胎在培养过程中出现生长发育缓慢、卵裂率低、凋亡比例增加等问题,移植后伴随着胎盘肥大、孕期延长等问题,还可能出现早产、出生体重降低、巨胎综合征(LOS)等,这与基因表达异常和表观遗传修饰异常有重要关系。文章简单回顾了近年来表观修饰学在体内、外生产胚胎的研究进展,主要介绍了印记基因的表观修饰、DNA甲基化及组蛋白乙酰化在哺乳动物体内、外生产胚胎之间的差异,简述了微阵列技术在体内、外生产胚胎之间的应用,以期找到导致体内、外胚胎质量差异的关键印记基因及其作用途径,探讨体外生产胚胎质量低于体内胚胎的原因,进而改善体外胚胎生产体系。 相似文献
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Kazunari USHIDA Akio KISHIMOTO Shong-Ji PIAO Mitsugi ITOH Akira SHIGA Nobuo NAKANISHI Takamitsu TSUKAHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):556-561
Diarrhea in pigs has the potential to have a serious economic impact on the swine industry. Previously, we suggested that the likely cause of the presence of non-infectious diarrhea in pigs characterized by lactate accumulation was dyspepsia. In this experiment, the prevalence of enteropathogens and hyper-lactate accumulation in feces of piglets in 4 distinct growth stages was examined. The feces were collected when veterinarian experts recognized abnormalities in sporadic outbreaks. Prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrheal feces was 100% in fattening pigs (FP), 75% in weaning pigs (WP), 50% in suckling pigs (SP), and 42% in growing pigs (GP). Prevalence of enteropathogens in loose feces was 53% in WP, 50% in SP, 40% in FP, and 28% in GP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in diarrheal feces was 33% in GP, 33% in SP, 25% in WP, and 25% in FP. Prevalence of hyper-lactate accumulation in loose feces was 40% in GP, 0% in SP, 7% in WP, and 5% in FP. Accordingly, non-infectious dyspepsia is frequent in growing pigs. In this period, pigs are potentially exposed to needless antimicrobial therapeutic treatments in sporadic cases. 相似文献
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Miguel A. Perib ez Daniel F. Luco L. Garcí a Juan A. Castillo 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1997,32(3-4):287-297
The prevalence and parasite density of PKX (the unknown myxosporean that causes proliferative kidney disease [PKD] of salmonids) were investigated in eight fishfarms in Aragon, Spain. Tissue sections stained with the biotynilated lectin GS-I revealed the presence of this protozoan in only one of the farms. In rainbow trout, the renal prevalence and parasite density peaked in July, but in brown trout the maximum renal prevalence and maximum renal parasite density were reached in May and in July, respectively. In rainbow trout, after the acute phase of the disease, the number of PKX decreases in the kidney but increases in the muscle. In this species of fish, the prevalence and parasite density are much higher in the muscles than in the kidney in October. 相似文献
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本研究对规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子进行了四季监测,结果表明,鲜粪中含水率两类牛群夏季最高、春季最低;风干粪样中,除产奶牛夏季全氮和全磷外,产奶牛和育成牛5项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质＞全氮＞全磷＞锌＞铜;两类牛群全磷含量夏季最高、秋季最低,有机质含量春季最高、夏季最低,铜和锌含量夏季均最低;产奶牛全氮含量夏季最低、春季最高,铜含量春季最高,锌含量冬季最高;育成牛全氮含量夏季最高、秋季最低,铜含量秋季最高,锌含量春季最高. 相似文献
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The study was conducted to detect the indoor environmental quality parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. In the process of feeding, the same farming house in the same farm was chosen to carry out the test. The indoor ambient temperature, humidity and the air quality were determined in chicken house in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in 4 different positions in the house. The experiment period was from 3 to 6 weeks of broilers.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ambient temperature between autumn and winter during experimental period (P >0.05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter (P <0.05).The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter, while ammonia level in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide in the house was significantly higher in winter than that in autumn (P <0.05). The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn (P <0.05). The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter, the humidity was reduced, the carbon dioxide concentration was increased, and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased.So, the ventilation should increase at the same time of heating in winter. 相似文献
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Immunohistochemical study of osteopontin in boar testis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The expression of osteopontin (OPN) in boar testis was studied. Western blot analysis detected 66- and 32-kDa OPN immunopositive bands in the testes of adult boars. In postnatal piglets, the 66-kDa OPN band was detected in the testes, but not the 32-kDa band. In the newborn testis, OPN immunostaining was seen in gonocytes and in some supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules, as well as in interstitial Leydig cells. In the adult boar testis, OPN immunoreactivity was detected in seminiferous tubules with varying intensities. Intense OPN immunostaining was seen in the residual bodies and acrosomes in the spermatids while, occasionally, OPN immunostaining was seen in spermatogonia and various stage of spermatocytes but in few Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. In addition, Leydig cells in adult boars were weakly immunostained with OPN. These findings suggest that OPN is detected in the majority of germ cells and is involved in spermatogenesis in boar testis. 相似文献
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为了探讨吸附剂蒙脱石及营养元素铜、锌、铁、硒对肉牛体内铅、镉是否具有促排作用,试验选择40头杂交牛随机分为富硒组、微量元素组、蒙脱石组、对照组,每组10头,试验期为150 d,在试验期内每隔1个月收集1次肉牛尿液、粪便测定铅、镉含量;饲养试验结束后屠宰,采集各组织样品测定铅、镉含量。结果表明:肉牛尿液铅、镉排泄量没有明显增加;在8月份,各组粪镉含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);在9—11月份,与对照组相比,各组粪镉含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);在8,11月份,各组粪铅含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);在9,10月份,富硒组和微量元素组粪铅含量均低于对照组,蒙脱石组粪铅含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明在饲料中适量补充吸附剂蒙脱石,短期内对肉牛体内铅、镉有明显的促排作用;而补充营养元素铜、锌、铁、硒后,短期内在肉牛体内对镉有促排作用,对铅无促排作用,长期给予不能有效降低肉牛体内铅、镉的蓄积。提示应合理使用饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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Washizu T. Takahashi M. Azakami D. Ikeda M. Arai T. 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(8):623-629
The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate–aspartate shuttle and the expression of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NADH shuttle that produces ATP in glucose metabolism in leukocytes, were determined to investigate the differences in this shuttle system in the peripheral leukocytes of dogs and cats. There were no significant differences between dogs and cats in plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin, free fatty acid or triglyceride concentrations. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH and of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in canine leukocytes were significantly higher than in feline leukocytes. High activities of MDH in canine leukocytes were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis on the total RNA extracted from leukocytes. It was concluded that there were significant differences between dogs and cats in the NADH shuttle system. 相似文献