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持续动态瘤胃发酵系统是在体外模拟瘤胃内发酵环境,用于瘤胃微生物代谢以及评定日粮营养价值等方面研究的机械装置。该装置是由一系列具有不同功能的设备组成。目前较新的人工瘤胃模拟系统主要能实现发酵环境中各发酵参数的实时监控并对发酵产物如产气量等进行准确计量,但与实体瘤胃内环境还存在一定差距。本文通过对国内外几种典型的持续动态瘤胃发酵系统的各部分结构和功能进行对比分析,比较各自的优缺点,提出了较为合理的设计方法。总之,持续动态瘤胃发酵系统的设计向着自动化方向发展,但在食糜样品的采集方法等方面还需改进。 相似文献
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体外持续发酵法评定反刍动物饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究成功了新持续发酵人工瘤胃装置和方法。研究了该法评定饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率的影响因素及稳定性;测定了6种饲料的干物质和蛋白质降解率并与瘤胃尼龙袋法进行了比较。结果表明该法的稳定性良好,发酵罐内瘤胃液和缓冲液各400ml,缓冲液对发酵罐内容物的稀释率0.0221/小时为宜。用持续发酵法测定的饲料干物质和蛋白质降解率估测瘤胃尼龙袋法降解率的回归式如下: 干物质 Y=-9.38+1.11x r=0.9557,n=6 蛋白质 Y=-1.40+1.01x r=0.9940,n=6 相似文献
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采用单因子设计,应用瘤胃持续动态模拟装置(Rusitec-S),研究葡萄渣含量分别为0%、6%、8%、10%、12%、14%和16%的日粮对人工瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明,随葡萄渣添加比例的增加,人工瘤胃发酵液中NH3-N浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),pH值无显著变化(P>0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸摩尔比、丙酸摩尔比、丁酸摩尔比和乙酸/丙酸随着葡萄渣比例的增加变化趋势不同。随萄萄渣含量的增加,发酵罐日粮残渣干物质降解率呈下降趋势,粗蛋白降解率0%组极显著高于14%组和16%组(P<0.01),显著高于D组和E组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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酵母菌培养物对瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究采用完全随机试验设计,使用持续动态人工瘤胃装置,研究了酿酒酵母菌培养物对瘤胃发酵的影响。试验处理为对照组、1%和5%(占发酵液体积)酿酒酵母菌培养物添加组。通过对瘤胃液pH、微生物蛋白质(MCP)、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的测定得出以下结果:添加酿酒酵母菌培养物对pH和NH3-N浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05);5%酿酒酵母菌培养物添加组显著提高MCP浓度并降低了丙酸浓度(P<0.05);而酿酒酵母菌培养物对总挥发酸酸、乙酸、丁酸和乙、丙酸比例没有显著影响(P>0.05)。以上结果表明:添加一定量的酿酒酵母菌培养物可在不改变瘤胃发酵类型的情况下,促进微生物蛋白质的合成。 相似文献
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日粮精粗比对瘤胃微生物合成效率的影响 总被引:29,自引:2,他引:27
本文用瘤胃持续模拟装置研究了精粗比为7:3、1:1和3:7时对日粮有机物、中洗纤维和酸洗纤维的降解、蛋白质的转化和微生物合成效率的影响。结果表明,精粗比不影响瘤胃微生物对可发酵能的利用效率(P〉0.05),但是显著影响瘤胃微生物对可降解氮的利用效率(P〈0.05);最后探讨了瘤胃内可降解氮和可发酵能与微生物氮合成量之间的定量模型。 相似文献
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作者基于山羊瘤胃CT图像对湘东黑山羊瘤胃进行三维重建及有限元模型仿真分析,拟建立山羊瘤胃的几何模型和有限元模型。首先利用三维重建软件Mimics重建山羊瘤胃几何模型,再利用Solidworks把几何模型的格式转换为IGES格式导入到有限元分析软件Hyperworks中形成有限元网格模型,最后通过Hyperworks、Ls_dyna联合仿真,对体外重构的瘤胃有限元模型进行力学性能分析。结果表明,体外重构的瘤胃模型与活体动物瘤胃有高度的几何相似性,能够清楚地展现出瘤胃的囊腔结构;并且获得对瘤胃模型进行力学分析后的应力、应变和位移云图;建立可视化瘤胃的几何模型和有限元模型;描绘出瘤胃在自然状态下的外形结构以及生物力学特性。本研究验证了三维重建及有限元法在山羊瘤胃建模中的可行性,同时也为瘤胃重构方面的研究开辟了先河,在动物组织模型构建上开辟了新的途径。 相似文献
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瘤胃微生物在反刍动物饲粮消化和吸收中起着重要的作用,深入探索瘤胃微生物群落结构、代谢活动和功能作用,对反刍动物健康和促进饲草利用效率具有重要意义。相对传统瘤胃微生物纯培养方法,组学技术能够更加全面对瘤胃微生物种类、代谢途径、功能进行解释,宏组学联用为系统理解瘤胃微生物降解纤维物质分子机理提供新方式,并受到研究人员越来越多的关注。本文总结了宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学与代谢组学在瘤胃微生物研究中的应用,并围绕宏组学技术联合应用进行综述,为反刍动物瘤胃微生物的研究提供理论支持。 相似文献
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表面活性剂是一种新型的反刍动物饲料添加剂,根据表面活性剂的分子结构,可将其分为阴离子型、阳离子型、两性离子型和非离子型表面活性剂,其作用机理是通过改变瘤胃微生物种群数量进而增加瘤胃内源性酶的分泌量、分泌酶活性或促进酶与底物之间的相互作用,改变瘤胃发酵模式,提高瘤胃微生物对粗饲料的降解能力,进而提高反刍动物生产性能。作者主要综述了表面活性剂的分类及几种常见的表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃发酵调控的影响,其中包括非离子型(吐温、烷基多糖苷、茶皂素)、两性离子型(甜菜碱、大豆磷脂)和阴离子型(十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯);介绍了日粮中添加不同离子型表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃微生物种群数量、内源酶活、发酵产物等影响,为新型表面活性剂的开发和表面活性剂在反刍动物日粮中的合理应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Potential for manipulation of the rumen fermentation through the use of recombinant DNA techniques 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Recombinant DNA techniques offer a new approach to the study and eventual genetic manipulation of rumen bacteria to modify the rate and extent of nutrient digestion within the rumen. The foreign genes cloned into a rumen bacterium undoubtedly will have to enhance its ability to compete; otherwise, the new trait will be lost from the highly competitive environment within the rumen. As a general rule, the types of metabolic activities amenable to gene cloning may be those that enhance substrate versatility or eliminate a dependence of a specific rumen bacteria on cross-feeding by other rumen microorganisms. Enhanced substrate diversity and bypassing cross-feeding probably will become more important as the use of highly refined feeds and waste materials from the food and other industries are used in greater quantities to meet the dietary needs of ruminants. 相似文献
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J L Riley 《The Cornell veterinarian》1986,76(4):348-353
A new pressure sensitive capsule for monitoring rumen activity has been developed. Surgery on the animal is not required for introducing the unit because it is small enough to be placed in the rumen using a stomach tube. The unit will transmit for several weeks and uses an inexpensive, commercially available pressure transducer as a sensor. 相似文献
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Dhanoa MS France J Crompton LA Mauricio RM Kebreab E Mills JA Sanderson R Dijkstra J López S 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(3):733-746
A method is proposed to determine the extent of degradation in the rumen involving a two-stage mathematical modeling process. In the first stage, a statistical model shifts (or maps) the gas accumulation profile obtained using a fecal inoculum to a ruminal gas profile. Then, a kinetic model determines the extent of degradation in the rumen from the shifted profile. The kinetic model is presented as a generalized mathematical function, allowing any one of a number of alternative equation forms to be selected. This method might allow the gas production technique to become an approach for determining extent of degradation in the rumen, decreasing the need for surgically modified animals while still maintaining the link with the animal. Further research is needed before the proposed methodology can be used as a standard method across a range of feeds. 相似文献
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Inclusion of novel bacteria in rumen microbiology: Need for basic and applied science 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yasuo KOBAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(4):375-385
Rumen microbiology has made a significant contribution to the understanding of ruminant nutrition. However, further progress in research has been hindered by the incomplete analysis of the rumen microbiota comprised of bacteria, protozoa and fungi, most of which remain uncharacterized due to the difficulties in their isolation and cultivation. In order to maximize rumen fiber digestion, it is necessary to understand the community structure of rumen microbes, especially bacteria, and the factors that influence their composition. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques allow the analysis of such bacteria without cultivation, thereby identifying many functional, but uncultured, bacteria as new targets for basic and applied research. Specific uncultured bacterial groups are being considered as important members of a fibrolytic consortium in the rumen, judging by their ecologic distribution. The inclusion of such uncharacterized bacteria in analyses is crucial for understanding the rumen microbial community and its manipulation. In addition, these bacteria could potentially be candidates as probiotics and sources of enzymes for animal feed and other industrial uses. 相似文献
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